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46 pages 1 hour read

Dave Eggers

Zeitoun

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2009

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Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1

Chapter 1 Summary: Friday August 26, 2005

Abdulrahman Zeitoun is a Syrian-American who lives in New Orleans with his wife, Kathy, and their four children. When the chapter begins, Zeitoun is having a dream about fishing with his brother Ahmad in his hometown of Jableh in Syria. The dream is interrupted by his children waking up, and soon after, the phone begins to ring. Zeitoun operates a painting contractor company, which Kathy helps to manage, and with a tropical storm approaching, many of his customers want their houses shuttered. As storms and hurricanes are a common occurrence for the Zeitouns, however, no one is really worried about the approaching storm.

After fielding phone calls, Kathy prepares breakfast and the girls sing and dance in the kitchen. Zeitoun knows that they’re influenced by Kathy, and that she wants to give them the carefree life she never had as a child. Zeitoun prepares to leave without eating much and Kathy, reminding him about his cell-phone, also reminds Zeitoun about the time he forgot their firstborn child, Nademah. It was only for a moment, but Zeitoun had been so focused on caring for Kathy when she came home from the hospital after her pregnancy that he left the newborn outside on the lawn. Before Kathy can tell the entire story again, Zeitoun leaves to inspect his worksites. Heading to the Garden District, Zeitoun thinks again of Jableh, how high-achieving his family is, and makes a note to call them. There are reports on the radio about Katrina, but Zeitoun is unperturbed.

Kathy gets the girls ready for school, knowing that summer is a busy time for the business. As they approach their school, Nademah turns up the radio to hear news about Katrina, now designated a Category 1 hurricane. She’s a bit worried, but Kathy assures her that there’s nothing to worry about. Returning home, Kathy calls Zeitoun. They talk briefly about the hurricane, though Zeitoun doesn’t think much of it, and they joke with each. Their connection was something of a surprise to Kathy because they seemed so different from one another when they first met. She was brought up Southern Baptist and converted to Islam after a failed marriage. When she met Zeitoun, she didn’t think they’d hit it off. Now, however, she can’t even think of living without him.

After joking with a few of his workers, Zeitoun receives a call from his brother, Ahmad. Ahmad is a ship captain and lives in Spain with his family. He’s been watching the reports about Katrina and is worried about Zeitoun and the family. Zeitoun tells him not to worry, that he and the family will be fine. At his next job site, Kathy calls again with more news about Katrina. Zeitoun, however, dismisses the news. He was raised by the sea, and his family has lived near the sea for as long as he can remember. He thinks about his father, Mahmoud, how he wanted to move the family away from the sea after being shipwrecked and miraculously surviving. He moved them to Jableh, but after searching long search, the house he ended up choosing chose was only a few feet from the ocean.

Zeitoun calls Kathy again and learns that the storm has been upgraded to a Category 3. Leaving Home Depot, he reflects on his early days in New Orleans and his first job in the city. He stops by the mosque for prayers and Kathy calls again, with more troubling news about the storm. Zeitoun remains nonchalant, noting that the storm’s progress is nothing out of the ordinary. Later, Kathy fixates on a news story about a missing family out at sea. The father is in construction, so Kathy makes a connection to Zeitoun. She tells Zeitoun about the missing family, which leads to a Zeitoun’s flashback of the time he spent traveling the seas for ten years before settling in Baton Rouge and meeting Kathy through acquaintances.

Zeitoun has to stop at the house of an unsatisfied customer, which he doesn’t mind. Most of his customers are easy to work with. There are those, however, who can be problematic because of intolerance and ignorance, because of Zeitoun’s name and his skin tone. As Kathy’s watches the news a bit later, she hears more about the missing family and calls Zeitoun. She wants them to evacuate, just in case, but Zeitoun won’t leave. Kathy decides to pick up some groceries, in case they do evacuate, and when she adjusts her hijab in the mirror, she thinks back to 9/11, how difficult it was being Muslim and shopping in stores. Once, a teenager tried to pull off her hijab. Kathy scared the girl and her friends by cursing at them, probably disproving their ideas about Muslim women.

Later that night, Kathy learns that the family lost at sea has been rescued. She’s overjoyed by the news, but remains about Hurricane Katrina, which shows no signs of weakening. On all accounts, it will grow larger, and stronger. Kathy puts the kids to sleep, and Zeitoun, as he often does, watches his family from the doorway.

Chapter 2 Summary: Saturday August 27

When they wake, Kathy and Zeitoun hear that Katrina is now a Category 5 storm. Michael Brown, the director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), urges everyone to evacuate the city and head inland. Kathy thinks they should evacuate, but as a Category 5 has only ever happened three times before in the U.S., and never in New Orleans, Zeitoun isn’t worried. He agrees that Kathy should take the kids and evacuate, but he’ll stay behind to manage the job sites. Kathy understands his reasoning. Their business has properties and equipment all over the city. They’d be responsible for any damage done to property during the hurricane. Also, they have rental properties; Zeitoun wants to make sure their tenants and their buildings are alright.

A voluntary evacuation order is issued by Mayor Nagin and Governor Blanco, but Zeitoun is determined to remain the city. The Superdome will be used again for evacuations, even though previous efforts to use it for this purpose failed. Kathy decides to leave as soon as the contra-flow takes effect--when all traffic lanes of every highway will flow out of the city. She decides to go to her family home in Baton Rouge. It will be close quarters, but the families haven’t been together in some time. She tries to persuade Zeitoun when the mayor again asks citizens to evacuate, but Zeitoun says he has to think of their properties, and leaves to start securing sites. When he returns home, Kathy has the car packed. She and the kids are ready to go. She tries once more to get through to her husband but Zeitoun is determined to stay, and so they part; Kathy expects to be back in New Orleans by Monday. Zeitoun then returns to securing the rest of their properties, watching as people head towards the Superdome for shelter. Kathy calls later, frantic. In her confusion, she’s gone the wrong way on the highway and, due to the overwhelming amount of traffic, hasn’t gotten far.

On the road, Kathy thinks about how nice it will be to see her family again. She has a complicated relationship with them, however, and there were times when they would argue about her beliefs and, more often than not, her hijab. Though her family was often confused by her conversion, there were times when her mother tried to help. Once, at the DMV, an employee tried to make Kathy take off her hijab for a picture. Kathy’s mom yelled at the woman, causing a scene, and Kathy was finally able to take the picture without removing her hijab.

Kathy was raised in a Christian home, and her best friend, Yuko, was as well. To Kathy’s astonishment, Yuko became interested in Islam. She begged Kathy to keep an open mind. Years later, things hadn’t been going well for Kathy. After her divorce, she was working two jobs and had a one-year old son. Yuko, however, seemed to have a relaxed, easy life. Kathy began thinking about Islam and borrowed some books from her.

One day, Kathy saw her pastor in the department store where she worked. She confessed her problems and thoughts about Islam to the pastor, and he told her that, come Sunday, she’d see why she needed to stick with Christianity. That Sunday, the pastor called Kathy to the pulpit and had her tell the congregation about her interest in converting to Islam. He derided Allah—though the word itself means God—and the Islamic faith, and declared Christianity to be the one true religion, though Islam itself accepts its relation to the other faiths. Disgusted with the pastor’s behavior, Kathy decided to convert to Islam.  

Chapter 3 Summary: Sunday August 28 – Tuesday August 30

Hurricane Katrina has been upgraded to a Category 5 storm and is heading right towards New Orleans. Throughout the day, Zeitoun receives calls from clients all over the city asking for help to secure their homes. Zeitoun realizes that one of his carpenters, James Crosso, is still in the city. The two drive around securing as many properties as they can. Mayor Nagin announces the first ever mandatory evacuation, but Zeitoun doesn’t even consider it. He finally returns home that night and assesses the house for possible damage. He’s a builder, so feels confident that he can save his home. The only thing that really concerns Zeitoun is the possibility of the levees breaking. If the levees break, he thinks, there isn’t much he can do.

The hurricane hits just after eleven o’clock. Zeitoun finds himself running around the house looking for trash cans to catch leaks and stuffing sheets in broken windows. He thinks about how comical he’d look to Kathy. He’s been running around nonstop for hours, and the main thrust of the storm hasn’t even hit yet. Suddenly, Zeitoun remembers the canoe he bought from a client of theirs a while back. He wants to have the canoe ready, just in case, and so goes outside and rights the canoe. Kathy thought it was a stupid buy, and he wasn’t able to get the kids interested in it, but now Zeitoun’s happy that he bought the canoe. After hours of battling the storm, Zeitoun is exhausted, and finally goes to sleep.

When Zeitoun wakes up on Monday morning, he realizes that he’s slept through most of the hurricane. There is definitely damage, especially outside, with about a foot of water in the streets, but it’s nothing he hasn’t seen before after other storms. Kathy is in Baton Rouge and takes the kids to Walmart, where she witnesses desperate people stocking up on whatever they can get their hands on. She is barely able to grab the last package of flashlights in the store. Back in New Orleans, Zeitoun tries paddling the canoe around but the water is receding from the streets. He thinks about all of the downed power lines and decides to head home. He calls Kathy and tells her that the worst is over and to come home. It was already evening, however, so Kathy and Zeitoun agree to talk about her return the next day. However, later that night, Kathy hears the mayor of New Orleans on the radio telling citizens not to return just yet. In New Orleans, Zeitoun gets a call from Adnan, a family friend, who is traveling with his pregnant wife Abeer and has nowhere to stay. As they are in Baton Rouge, Zeitoun tells them that Kathy is also in Baton Rouge, and he’ll ask if they can stay with Kathy for a few days.

On Tuesday, Zeitoun wakes up and listens to the silence of the city. He thinks he won’t have anything to do now that the city is largely inoperable. After a time, he falls asleep again and dreams about his childhood on Arwad Island. Thinking about how he and his brother Ahmad used to swim all day in the ocean then lie on the ground, listening to its ebb and flow, Zeitoun realizes the something is off. The sounds he’s hearing are not the ebb and flow of the sea, but a steady flow, like the sound of a river.

Chapter 1 – Chapter 3 Analysis

Zeitoun is a work of nonfiction, and as such, it chronicles the everyday life of Abdulrahman Zeitoun and his wife, Kathy, both before and after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. In these first few chapters, Eggers is careful to highlight the themes of family, responsibility and devotion that are evident in Zeitoun and Kathy’s characters. Though stubborn and strong-willed, Zeitoun wants the best for his family. Likewise, Kathy wants her children to have all of the advantages she never had as a child. The narrative paints a picture of strong family ties, and the desire to protect is evident both in Zeitoun determination to remain in New Orleans and Kathy’s desire to flee the city.

These themes are also highlighted through flashbacks to past events which are used to add both depth and action to the present narrative. Zeitoun’s childhood in Jableh and his family’s love of the sea, as well as his father’s fear that the sea would destroy his family in the end, all add to the tension of the situation: a hurricane is bearing down on the family home and Zeitoun plans to stay and fight it.

The flashbacks also provide insight into the everyday struggles faced by Zeitoun and Kathy. As a Syrian-American, Zeitoun’s skin tone and Islamic beliefs are the cause of intolerance. Kathy, having converted to Islam as an adult, has to face prejudice and intolerance from her own family as well. These memories of intolerance show what the Zeitoun family has been through and what they currently endure, but they also foreshadow what will take place after Hurricane Katrina.

In moving between past and present, with news about Katrina interspersed throughout the chapters, Eggers is able to recreate a sense of the calm before the storm. Eggers is able to effectively lead up to the destruction caused by Katrina by seamlessly moving between and combining past and present events, such as the sound of water.

These chapters also indicate the importance of the media in New Orleans, both before and after the storm. Kathy and Zeitoun are skeptical about the media, and realize that race relations are reported negatively. Kathy herself had to deal with the fallout from media reports after 9/11. The media is a vital component in Eggers’ critique on American culture.

Eggers also does a lot in these chapters to show a different perspective on Islam, one that isn’t readily accessible to many Westerners. Eggers tells the story of Kathy’s conversion to Islam in a way that makes her ignorance about Islam representative of America’s ignorance about the religion in general. In its place, Eggers paints a picture of a religion that is similar to the Christian faith and that seems to Kathy to be more inclusive. 

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