118 pages • 3 hours read
Matt de la PeñaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
The chapter opens with ruminations from the protagonist, Miguel Castaneda, regarding his upbringing by his widowed mother in Stockton, California. He recalls his father’s death and military funeral and midnight jaunts around the neighborhood with his older brother, Diego, during which they peeped into windows to watch people sleep. He notes the universality of sleep: “That every person you come across lays down in a bed, […] and closes their eyes at night” (5).
While not mentioning the nature of his crime, Miguel recalls standing before a judge and implies that he has the power to cause events to occur merely by imagining them. He advises the reader that “I can sometimes make stuff happen just by thinking about it” (5); therefore, he was granted a relatively light sentence involving one year in a group home and writing in a journal. He recalls that his mother refrained from looking at him following the sentencing, or when she dropped him off at juvenile hall, to begin serving his term. He merely indicates that this was because of what he had done, leaving the rest to the imagination of the reader.
Miguel describes himself as “about ten times smarter than everyone in Juvi” (7). When Miguel gives a sarcastic response to a question posed by his cellmate, Rondell, as to the topic of his writing, Rondell responds by pressing his “giant grass-stained shoe down on [Miguel’s] neck” (7). Miguel experiences what might be described as a death wish during this situation, noting that he almost wanted Rondell to “crush my neck, break my windpipe” (7) and imagining his mother’s sadness, mixed with relief, upon being advised of his death.
Miguel describes Rondell in unflattering terms in his journal. He realizes that the other boy is illiterate when he pretends to read the contents and tosses the book on the table.
Miguel writes about how quickly, convincingly, and frequently his brother, Diego, is able to lie. He recalls an incident when he and his brother were punching each other in the school hallway after Diego was angered for a reason neither remembers. Miguel is afraid, since their mother has advised them that she would send them to their paternal grandparents’ Fresno home to work as crop pickers if they receive one more school detention.
Diego’s verbal dexterity is illustrated when he retrieves a copy of West Side Story from his bag and tells Principal Cody that Miguel was helping him to practice to audition for a part in the performance. Diego charms Principal Cody into reminiscing about trips to the New York City theatre during his honeymoon, congratulating the principal on his upcoming twenty-eighth wedding anniversary. Subsequently, Diego advises Miguel that he has never read the play; Miguel reads the entire work later that night, and is impressed with the perfection of Diego’s lie.
Miguel journals that the group home is inhabited by “punks and posers and loud-mouths and skeleton-ass baseheads” (13). He is annoyed by the “corny” paintings and sentimental posters used as decorations. He realizes that his name has been entered on the dry-erase board used to schedule the chore roster, and has merely been entered over another name that was crossed out. He notes that “it’s only the damn names that change” (14).
Miguel questions the rehabilitative qualities of being incarcerated with “a bunch of dummies” (14).
Miguel describes the group home driver, an older “black dude named Lester” (15) who speaks with a Jamaican accent. Lester lectures about the history of the group home and its goal of rehabilitating the residents. Miguel deliberately ignores the older man.
The house counselor, Jaden, is described as a blonde-haired, blue-eyed young man whom Miguel feels appears out of place among the African-American and Mexican group home residents. He refers to the group home as a “lighthouse” when conversing with Miguel, noting its bright yellow paint, and he addresses all the residents as “bro.”
Miguel is shown to his room, which he is to share with an Oakland native named Jackson. Jaden notes that Jackson is set back by a “[l]ittle bit of a drug habit” (16). Miguel notes dozens of initials carved into his bed frame by prior residents, and realizes that he is now “another random kid in their system” (16). He ruminates upon having destroyed his family and wonders if he will ever see his mother again. The young man experiences terrible stomach cramps while Jaden is talking, and they continue when Jaden suggests that they talk in his office.
During their conversation, Jaden notes Miguel’s 3.4 GPA, and suggests that he consider attending college. He talks about the difficulties of group home life, but Miguel runs to the nearest bathroom and starts dry-heaving. He is humiliated when he realizes that he has “tears […] running down [his] stupid-ass face” (19) and imagines how Diego would mock him for this.
Miguel is involved in a fight on his second day in the residence. Jaden asks the six other young men to greet their new resident, and Miguel looks at them and mutters “[b]itches” under his breath. He screams the word at a Chinese boy who asks him to repeat the word; in response, the boy, Mong, spits on Miguel. The two engage in a fist fight, which Braden interrupts. Miguel is confused by the odd, otherworldly, smiling affect that overcomes his adversary, Mong; he realizes that Mong has a nearly insane countenance. After another spitting incident, the pair fight again.
Jaden reminds Mong that he will be sent back to “Juvi,” should he continue to fight; he reminds Miguel that he will probably be released from his sentence early if he stays out of trouble. Miguel, enraged by Mong’s calm demeanor, attempts to exercise “that thing I can do with my mind” (24) and wishes that “something worse than bad” (24) would happen to Mong.
Subsequently, another resident tells Miguel that Les transports Mong to an unknown location for several hours every other day. No one knows the purpose of these trips.
Miguel largely isolates himself from the other residents; however, Tommy and Rene annoy him by approaching him in the yard during their lunch break. Tommy’s obesity appalls the narrator, but he persists in trying to engage Miguel in conversation. The two boys wish to warn the new resident about Mong, advising that he is “sick in the head” (26). Miguel advises them that they should not waste their time talking to him; Tommy responds that Rene had merely wished to help a fellow Mexican.
Miguel stares at the dead grass on the ground, noting that he is surrounded by flies and wearing the same clothes and white shoes as the other residents. He becomes increasingly depressed and is unable to stop imagining a YouTube video being made of the group home.
The other boys relate additional incidents illustrating Mong’s demented behavior. On one occasion, Mong defecated on the kitchen table after a counselor rebuked him for cracking the tabletop. Another event involved Mong snapping the arm of a slightly-built, 15-year-old resident who had accused him of cheating in a card game, adding that “the bone was stickin’ straight out of his arm” (30). They note that, ironically, Mong is extremely bright.
Having maintained his silence throughout the conversation, Miguel advises the pair that he is not interested in any further information about Mong; Rene states that the pair were merely trying to look out for him, and Tommy wishes Miguel “[p]eace.”
Miguel doubts the existence of a peaceful state, particularly when he relives “what happened” (31) every night when he tries to go to sleep.
The setting of this story in the introductory chapters is a juvenile group home. These facilities are intended to be a rehabilitative setting for teenagers and young adults who have been found guilty of having committed a crime. Although group homes are similar to jails in the sense that residents are not permitted to leave at will, they are intended to be more humane settings that will not result in exposure of the youngsters to older, hardened adult criminals; the main concept is to impose a type of punishment coupled with counseling and education that might prevent recidivism on the part of the youngsters. While the theoretical intent of the facility is to mitigate victimization at the hands of older inmates, group homes and their residents are not immune to violence, as is demonstrated by the altercation between Mong and Miguel.
The early chapters of the book involve the narrator, Miguel Castaneda, alternating between flashbacks of his family life in Stockton and the circumstances of his current life in the group home to which he has been sentenced for one year. While he consistently alludes to a crime that destroyed his family and may have resulted in his lifelong estrangement from his mother, Miguel does not specify the specific details of the same; however, he mentions that the judge ordered him to recount his experiences in a journal. Miguel, who is portrayed as a good student possessed of a 3.4 GPA, notes early in the narrative that he had intended to author a book eventually, regardless of his circumstances.
The narrator characterizes himself as tending to obsess and ruminate upon random thoughts, such as his feeling that the daily lives of the group home residents might be fodder for a YouTube video. Additionally, he continuously references what he perceives as his ability to cause events to occur as a result of imagining them. This is the case when Mong, who presents as a large, strong, mentally-deranged group home resident, spits on Miguel and then attacks him in the kitchen. Jaden, a well-meaning counselor who is characterized as physically resembling a California surfer, maintains his calm and advises Mong and Miguel of the likely repercussions of continued fisticuffs. Subsequently, Miguel concentrates his thoughts on Mong, “wishing something bad would happen to him” (24). While belief in such powers is sometimes associated with the onset of mental illness, the reader is not advised as to the emotional background in which Miguel may have evolved such beliefs. Certain psychological schools of thought would hypothesize that such beliefs may have been defense mechanisms developed by an individual who was constantly victimized in some fashion. In this part of the novel, Miguel certainly presents as a depressed character who hopes to complete his year in the group home in a state of social and emotional isolation. He is unclear as to the status of his relationship with his mother, who is his only surviving parent. While he alludes frequently, and often worshipfully, to his older brother, Diego, there is a glaring lack of current information regarding the nature of Miguel’s crime and the current whereabouts of his older brother. The author offers brief glimpses into the ambivalent nature of the relationship between the brothers: while Diego is presented as a socially-adept character who lies easily and often, Miguel makes frequent note of the constant physical altercations in the relationship, which appear to be instigated by Diego.
By Matt de la Peña