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64 pages 2 hours read

Graham Salisbury

Under the Blood Red Sun

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1994

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Chapters 5-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary: “The P-40 Tomahawks”

Tomi rises at 3:45 am for a weekend fishing excursion with his father. Billy Davis is joining, despite Sanji, Papa’s assistant, harboring superstitions about white people being bad luck.

Billy arrives at the Nakaji house, and Tomi extends his first invitation inside. Mama prepares breakfast—shoyu-eggs and rice—for everyone. However, Billy eats only half the rice, avoiding the eggs, which inadvertently offends Grampa.

Sanji picks up Papa, Tomi, and Billy in his old truck and drives them to Papa’s boat. Tomi brings along a few racing pigeons. Sanji cautions Billy against falling off the boat.

Tomi reflects on a past incident when a fishing line jammed the prop engine; Sanji to freed it while Papa distracted sharks with fish meat. Tomi worries because Papa lacks a radio for emergencies at sea.

As they head out, they release the pigeons, who race for home. Billy shares his father’s binoculars, and everyone takes a turn. A P-40 Tomahawk fighter plane approaches, followed by a second. Papa waves at the planes as he always does. Sanji notes the increased plane sightings, which Billy attributes to the war. Sanji asserts there is no war here, leaving Billy frowning in silence.

Chapter 6 Summary: “The Crowded Sea”

Papa steers the boat into a flock of birds trailing a school of flying fish. Sanji tells the boys that aku (skipjack tuna) are hunting the flying fish from below. They exchange nods of greeting with other Japanese fishermen. Tomi guides Billy in baiting the hook. Using handlines, the boys join Papa and Sanji, armed with bamboo poles, in bringing in the fish.

Tomi quickly hooks a sizable fish, struggling to control the line until he finally gains control. Meanwhile, Billy faces a more prolonged battle with his catch. Tomi improvises a y-shaped stick to assist Billy in hooking the fish. It takes Tomi around 10 minutes to bring his fish near the boat, and the school moves on. Papa helps Tomi with his impressive 80-pound ahi (yellowfin tuna), and Tomi contemplates the beauty of the fish, conflicted about taking them from the water.

Attention shifts to Billy, who grapples with pulling up his catch. Papa and Sanji speculate on Billy’s capability, but Tomi stands by him. The fish, having gone deep, succumbs to the water pressure, making the struggle last five hours. The fish dies before reaching the boat.

Exhausted but proud, Billy’s achievement costs Papa and Sanji almost a full day of fishing. Papa emphasizes the importance of stopping the line, contrasting Sanji’s opinion that he would have cut it in Billy’s situation.

On the boat deck, they lay out sleeping mats, enjoying Mama’s bento, prepared with magokoro (love and attention). Even Billy relishes the meal.

Early in the morning, Tomi overhears Sanji and Billy conversing. Sanji marvels at mountains through Billy’s binoculars and shares that Billy is the first “haole” he has spoken to. Billy reciprocates, calling Sanji the first fisherman who mentioned cutting the line, to which Sanji laughs, claiming it is because he does not fish for fun.

Heading back to the island, they encounter another fishing boat. Billy waves, but the fishermen ignore him. Sanji explains it is a local Hawaiian boat, and Hawaiians do not appreciate Japanese fishermen crowding their seas.

Papa sells all the fish back on land, except Billy’s 150-pound yellowfin. While cleaning the fish, Mr. Wilson and Keet visit, admiring the tuna. Papa offers some to Mr. Wilson, who graciously accepts. Even Keet behaves politely, sparking Tomi’s contemplation about forgiving Keet’s past. He changes his mind when Keet begins spying on the Nakaji family.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Black Zenith”

As the World Series unfolds, Keet’s persistent spying wears on Tomi’s nerves. Keet observes Tomi tending to the pigeons, lurking in the bushes around the Nakaji house, and harassing the family’s chickens until Grampa chases him off with a machete.

Tomi’s growing irritation with Keet prompts him to avoid listening to the World Series at Billy’s house. Instead, the boys approach Charlie, an elderly Indigenous Hawaiian man and Grampa’s best friend, seeking permission to use his old Zenith radio. The radio doubles as a police scanner, and Grampa and Charlie frequently spend afternoons tuning in to police dispatches.

Tomi helps his mother with chores, making him late to hear the fourth game in the World Series. En route to Charlie’s house, he encounters Keet and Jake shooting in the woods. Taking cover behind a tree, Tomi narrowly avoids being inadvertently shot by Keet. Upon reaching Charlie’s, Tomi finds Grampa already there, tuned in to a police dispatch about a naked man on a roof. The boys swiftly switch the radio to the World Series when Grampa steps out to use the outhouse. Despite Grampa’s irritation upon his return, he begrudgingly allows the boys to continue listening.

In a tense moment, the Dodgers seem to win the World Series, but the catcher loses the ball on the last out. The Dodgers fans storm the field when the announcer declares it a fair ball, extending the game, and the Yankees ultimately emerge victorious. On the journey back home, Tomi reflects on his family’s status, realizing they are not allowed to be American citizens. His thoughts turn to the contrasting perspectives of his Grampa and his father.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Thunder on the Moon”

On their way home from school, Tomi and Billy encounter Mr. Wilson in his new Cadillac. With visible anger, Mr. Wilson calls for Tomi, and when Tomi approaches the car, Mr. Wilson furiously expresses his desire not to see any more “Jap crap” (79) around the house. Alarmed, Tomi rushes home to find Grampa waving the Japanese flag and singing the Japanese national anthem, with Kimi cheering him on. Panicking, Tomi informs Grampa of Mr. Wilson’s objection to anything Japanese. A heated argument ensues, with Grampa storming into the house.

Upon Mama’s return, she brings a newspaper, explaining that Mr. Wilson was greatly upset by it. Tomi reads the paper to Mama and Grampa, who cannot read English. The story covers the German sinking of the American destroyer, Reuben James—the first American warship sunk in World War II.

The following morning, Lucky’s barking wakes Tomi. He discovers her nursing four newborn puppies while mongooses approach menacingly. Tomi scares off the mongooses and shares the news with his family. Mama allows Tomi to keep the puppies as long as he can find a way to feed them. However, once they are grown, he can only keep one. Grampa suggests drowning all of them but later builds a chicken-wire fence to protect Lucky and the puppies when Tomi is at school.

Billy selects a puppy, and as the boys watch, searchlights pierce the sky. The military is conducting maneuvers near the Nakaji home, and the boys observe and listen to the explosions. That night, Tomi struggles to sleep, anxious about Papa getting caught in the military exercises.

Papa returns the following day and asks Tomi to read the article about the Reuben James. Papa explains that Indigenous Hawaiians fear that large amounts of Japanese Americans living in Hawaii might lead to a Japanese alignment if the US enters the war.

Chapter 9 Summary: “The Butcher”

Billy, Mose, and Rico finally present their science fair project ideas. After school, they head to Kaka’ako to check out the Kaka’ako Boys’s new pitcher. Upon reaching Kaka’ako, all eyes turn to Billy, as white people are not common there. Several Japanese boys block their path, allowing Rico, Mose, and Tomi to pass but stopping Billy.

One of the boys asks Tomi why he brought “haoles” there. Rico challenges the accusation, prompting the boy to assert that Billy, Mose, and Rico are all “haoles.” An interruption from a US Army recruit resolves the argument.

The army guy, the brother of the Kaka’ako Boys’s second baseman, escorts the boys to the park where the Kaka’ako Boys practice. Although the team briefly stops playing upon their arrival, they quickly resume. “The Butcher,” their new pitcher, is enormous and lives up to his nickname. The boys observe his practice, with Billy providing critiques on his technique.

Chapters 5-9 Analysis

In this section, characters strive to break down The Barriers of Prejudice and Discrimination. However, every small step forward meets significant setbacks as prejudice and discrimination exist throughout the island and on many sides.

The initial stride in dismantling prejudice occurs when Tomi invites Billy into his house. Despite their longstanding friendship, Tomi, who frequently visits Billy’s house, never invites Billy inside. Though Tomi seems more distressed by the economic divide than the cultural divide between himself and Billy, this exclusion indicates significant prejudice on Tomi’s part. Tomi trusts Billy, but not with the intimacies of his home life, customs, and culture.

However, Billy’s first visit inside the Nakaji home goes reasonably well. Tomi enjoys having Billy over and considers showing Billy his room someday. The experience exposes Billy to Mama’s traditional Japanese breakfast, which Billy approaches cautiously and does not finish. Billy’s unfinished meal sparks a subtle clash in class differences, as Billy has no issues with food insecurity, whereas the Nakaji family cannot afford to waste any food. Despite the tension, Grampa surprisingly tolerates the incident, showcasing an unusual acceptance.

Sanji also challenges his prejudices. Despite believing that “haoles” are bad luck, he allows Billy on a fishing trip. Additionally, Papa and Sanji wait patiently for the five hours it takes to bring in Billy’s yellowfin tuna. Sanji and Papa’s tolerance is significant, as fishing is their livelihood. As Sanji says, “That’s the difference between Japanee and haole. I don’t fish for fun” (62). Waiting for Billy to bring in the fish costs them an entire day of lucrative fishing.

Moreover, they do not even sell Billy’s fish. This act of tolerance indicates how hard Sanji and Papa try to dismantle their prejudice toward Tomi’s friend. Waiting for Billy to bring up the fish, rather than just cutting the line, costs them money they cannot afford to lose. However, it is just as crucial to Papa and Sanji that they allow Billy to complete his catch. Tomi observes Sanji and Billy later, sharing binoculars and discussing the moon, a monumental step for Sanji, who has never spoken with a “haole” before. Both Sanji and Billy end the fishing trip impressed with the other, demonstrating the value of speaking with someone of a different background to find common ground.

While Sanji and Billy make progress, others reinforce existing barriers. A Hawaiian boat ignores the Nakaji’s vessel despite Billy’s wave, and Keet Wilson, initially polite with his father, resorts to spying on and threatening Tomi. The Japanese flag becomes a source of conflict again, causing tension with Mr. Wilson. While Mr. Wilson converses politely with Papa, he threatens Tomi in the street. Grampa singing the Japanese national anthem while waving the Japanese flag vexes Mr. Wilson, and he takes his rage out on Tomi. After dealing with Mr. Wilson’s vitriol, Tomi must tell his Grampa Mr. Wilson’s orders, which demonstrates the theme of Resilience in the Face of Adversity, as Tomi must act as a liaison between his family and white Americans like Mr. Wilson. Grampa, frustrated at being denied the right to express his Japanese heritage, also vents his anger at Tomi. Grampa’s patriotism occurs right after the Germans shoot a US ship. For Mr. Wilson, it looks as though Grampa is celebrating Germany’s attack. In truth, it is a matter of poor timing and the class divide. Grampa could not afford newspapers and thus did not know about the German attack. Tomi, caught in the middle, must navigate the fallout from Mr. Wilson and his grandfather, highlighting the challenge of being an American-born Japanese person amidst a war. Tomi’s superior English and keen understanding of the roles of Japanese Americans, white Americans, and even Indigenous Hawaiians demonstrates how much he has needed to adapt in order to occupy his in-between space. While Tomi carries the weight of his own identity conflict, he is often caught up doing the work of a liaison between two groups that are now teeming with animosity and tension.

A parallel situation unfolds when Tomi and friends visit Kaka’ako to see the Kaka’ako Boys’s new pitcher. Despite being part of a baseball team, they face resistance from Japanese boys in Kaka’ako. While the Japanese boys do not object to Tomi, they block Billy’s path and argue with Mose and Rico, highlighting the complexity of overcoming prejudice. An “army guy” of Japanese descent saves them due to their connection with his brother’s team, emphasizing baseball as a unifying force (94). Likewise, the Kaka’ako Boys are surprised to see Tomi, Billy, Mose, and Rico but continue playing despite their presence, again proving baseball’s unifying power in the text. As a sport, baseball perhaps provides an active channel through which to compete, strategize, and ultimately bond, even with the opposing team. However, even in this shared passion, caution is advised: The army guy warns the boys against using the street the Japanese gang prefers.

Prejudice and discrimination present formidable barriers in Under the Blood Red Sun, and the characters grapple with overcoming them, thus signaling the theme of The Barriers of Prejudice and Discrimination. Tomi’s attempts to challenge his biases yield mixed results, mirroring the broader struggles against discrimination he and his friends face. No group remains untouched by the pervasive forces of prejudice and discrimination in this narrative, though this section foreshadows how the island’s prejudices will escalate.

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