63 pages • 2 hours read
Velma WallisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Through a strenuous and long process of finding, breaking, boiling, and bending birchwood, the two women fashion snowshoes for themselves. They then decide to travel to an old fishing spot instead of staying at the abandoned camp because they fear there are too many threats to their survival in their current location. They use caribou skins to fashion sleds that they fill with their possessions. They then tie the sleds to their waists using a rope and begin their journey. “[L]ate into the night” (31) they stop and make a small camp for themselves before falling asleep. When they awaken the next day, they are in pain and have to start the day off slowly. They have difficulty that day, constantly falling from “sheer fatigue and old age” (33). At night, they approach a lake and decide to make a snow pit to sleep in before crossing. The next morning, Sa’ wakes up and thinks about how miniscule their problems were before they had been abandoned. They spend the day trudging through difficult terrain and end up at a “large river” (39). They nervously cross the potentially thin ice and make it to the other side where they set up camp for the night.
After crossing the river, the two women barely have enough energy to set up camp for the night. They scrape together the essentials and “slip […] mindlessly off to sleep” (41). Because they fell asleep “leaning against one another” in a sitting position, it is especially hard for them to get up the next morning. Sa’ tries to get up but Ch’idzigyaak feels overwhelmed by the effort it will require. Sa’ finds that her body has grown so stiff that she cannot move, and she involuntarily cries out in pain. When Ch’idzigyaak hears her friend cry out, she feels numb and starts to forget her will to live. Sa’ forces herself to move despite increasing pain, while Ch’idzigyaak pretends she is asleep and starts to plan to die there. She is forced to get up when she needs to urinate.
Sa’ makes them a “tasty broth” (43) and insists they keep moving; Ch’idzigyaak “reluctantly agree(s)” (45). They trudge on, “thin” (45) and desperately in search of food again. Six days into their journey, Sa’ spots the creek they have been looking for. Ch’idzigyaak remains skeptical, but Sa’ insists they move forward. Despite increasingly unsafe conditions, they plod on until Ch’idzigyaak spots their former campsite that night, recognizing it from the “fishracks we hung so long ago” (47). Sa’ feels like they are “coming home” (47).
At first, the women feel “bitter” (49) as they compare their happy memories of the campsite with their current destitution. Sa’ says they need to ignore this for now and set up camp. They do so and end up creating a “warm and glowing” (50) residence. They begin to prepare for the worst of winter by setting up traps and insulating their shelter. That night, they “feast” (50) on the “last of their food” (50). Having been “neighbors” (50) who made nothing more than small talk in the past, the women “did not know how to converse” (51) and instead fall prey to their own thoughts.
Ch’idzigyaak immediately thinks of her progeny and mulls over their betrayal again. She wonders how Sa’ can remain so tough in the face of such merciless adversity. Ch’idzigyaak then reveals that as a child, her family had abandoned her deaf and blind grandmother. She explains that the men in her family protested on her behalf, but it was no use, people were too hungry to care about someone who could make no physical contribution to the community. She then explains how her mother warned her about cannibalism, causing her to constantly fear being eaten. She tells Sa’ that her family covered her grandmother in blankets and then left her to die; she was crying as they walked away. As an adult, Ch’idzigyaak says she learned that her male relatives had gone back and killed her grandmother so she would not have to suffer. Sa’ then discusses her childhood, which was spent completely in the company of her brother. Despite her mother’s discontent and the surrounding community’s disgust, Sa’ refused to marry or partake in other activities typically assigned to women in their community. She explains that she contributed as much physical labor as any man but was still looked down upon. She tells Ch’idzigyaak that one particularly dreadful winter, the chief of her tribe decided they needed to leave one of the elders behind to die, so that the rest of the group could go in search of caribou. Sa’ protested, accusing the tribe of being inhumane. The chief of her tribe responded that if she was so concerned with the old woman’s well-being, then she would also be left behind. She was then shunned by the whole tribe except for her family, and even they barely associated with her. The tribe left, and despite her best attempts, the old woman died under her care. Alone with little hope, Sa’ talked to herself all the time. She then ran into a man who also had been deserted by his tribe, although in his case it was because he tried to steal someone else’s woman. They became friends and eventually lovers, later joining a new tribe. He was eventually killed trying to fight a bear.
When Ch’idzigyaak realizes how sad Sa’ is, she tells her that she is actually lucky because at least she had a chance to cohabitate with someone she loved, whereas Ch’idzigyaak was forced into a relationship with a much older man. Sa’ responds by saying that her fate would have been similar if she had been allowed to stay with the tribe. They then reflect on their current condition and fall asleep. The women become more and more depressed as the winter drags on and they are forced to stagnate in place. They begin to catch a few more rabbits and are able to spend more time hunting in general now that they have a solid shelter. They make presents for each other out of the rabbit fur, and spring slowly starts to come along. Eventually, Ch’idzigyaak catches a grouse. The women’s spirits start to lift as the cold weather starts to disappear.
In Chapters 3-4, much like the snow that climbs higher and higher in the protagonists’ world, the odds against the two women accumulate to stupendous heights. While much of what threatens them stems from their old age and surrounding physical conditions—such as guarding against frozen lungs and dealing with extreme food scarcity—many of their issues are a result of manmade problems. While they were not left completely empty-handed, they also were not equipped with the tools necessary for surviving such brutal weather conditions. This lack of supplies is purely the result of human greed and selfishness. Additionally, from the time they were children up until the present moment, cannibalism has been rampant. The two women live with the constant pressure of knowing that if they do happen to come in contact with another tribe, they may very well be killed and eaten. Furthermore, rigidly prescribed gender roles have limited their lives in many ways. Both women suffered from ostracization because they did not follow the path women in their communities were supposed to take. Their contribution was always seen as less, long before they actually contributed less. The women still wear the wounds from these gender battles. The women must also fight off “imagined fears” (61), a result of their constant monotony. While the women face a seemingly insurmountable number of obstacles, their relationship grows stronger in the face of adversity. While they initially kept their distance from each other, they are soon “huddled together” (41). Not only do they become physically closer, they stop letting the silence swallow them up and start having long, meaningful conversations. The language in this section reflects the growing richness of their lives. Whereas most of their journey up to this point has been recorded without much embellishment or modifying description, the language in this section begins to flower with detail and emotion. No longer forced to narrow themselves to the bare minimum, the women are able to flesh out their inner lives as well as their outer ones. The companionship they develop proves to be one of the key elements of their survival. In the earlier parts of the book, the gulf between generations is deep and antagonistic, but the divide starts to heal in this section. This is especially apparent when Sa’ relates her tale about defending the elder in her camp. The story almost perfectly parallels Shruh Zhuu’s attempt to save Ch’idzigyaak and sheds a new light on his impetuous actions. Rather than appearing purely foolish, they come off as passionate when aligned with Sa’ and her similar experiences.