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40 pages 1 hour read

Margaret Atwood

Time Capsule Found on the Dead Planet

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 2009

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Literary Devices

Parable

The story is a parable—a simple narrative allegory that carries a moral lesson or warning. Atwood’s parable merges elements of poetry with science fiction. Parables are best known from the New Testament of the Bible. In the New Testament, Jesus uses stories to teach his disciples lessons about the proper way to live, about his philosophy, and about God and spirituality. Some of these biblical parables have inspired science fiction; famed author Octavia Butler based a series of novels on the Parable of the Sower and the Parable of the Talents.

Repetition and Parallelism

Atwood utilizes repetition. Echoing the intoning, chant-like quality of the Old Testament’s Mosaic books enumerating lineage, she starts each of the story’s ages with parallel grammatical constructions that change slightly: “In the first age, we created gods,” “In the second age we created money,” “In the third age, money became a god,” “In the fourth age, we created deserts” (Paragraphs 1, 3, 4, 5). The repetition gives this historical account the feel of a sacred text. The story also creates parallels between the different ages. Events echo earlier events, such as the creation of gods and money, or the use of natural elements before and after industrialization. Finally, the last line of the story ruefully repeats the second age’s hopeful idea that humans could fly with enough money—an idea that greed has proven false and destructive. By creating parallels between different eras, Atwood shows the waste of ecological destruction, suggesting that all this death was entirely avoidable.

Imagery

Atwood uses powerful, vivid images to quickly delineate a changing world. In the first age, a striking metaphor describes the relationship between humans and the world as a harvest of ripe fruit: “We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins” (Paragraph 2). In the second age, the concrete gives way to the mystical, as money gains godlike powers and takes away people’s connection to daily life and work: “We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but as if by magic it could be changed into such things” (Paragraph 3). Finally, in the fourth age, harsh nouns replace the previously abundant, garden-like images of the planet, which now features deserts “made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth” (Paragraph 5). Despite the lack of named characters, Atwood creates empathy for the annihilated people of her world through another trick of imagery: Although most of the story features a first-person plural narrator, the last lines switch to a first-person singular, as everyone on the planet has died except a lone chronicler creating a memorial for any future alien passers-by. The image of a solitary person in a desert echoes the wise men’s elevation of one “stone in the sand in the setting sun” as beautiful (Paragraph 6). There is nothing aesthetically pleasing about the dead planet—it’s just a cautionary tale.

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