41 pages • 1 hour read
David PatneaudeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Haikus symbolize connection and expression. When words fail him, Joe turns to haikus to capture his emotions and observations. Haikus are a form of Japanese poetry. They are hyper-structured, consisting of three lines and 17 syllables in five-seven-five syllabic meter. Haikus are traditionally used to capture the beauty of nature. Joe’s haikus are messages of hope, embodiments of his feelings, and a vehicle to express the atrocities faced by his family. Haikus demonstrate Joe’s subconscious connection to his Japanese heritage and culture. In revealing that Mike also wrote haikus in lieu of journal entries, Patneaude draws an intimate connection between Joe and his brother even after Mike’s death.
Tule Lake is both a setting and a symbol. It is a place of incarceration where Japanese Americans are abused. People at Tule Lake are systematically oppressed and dehumanized by American soldiers, the unforgiving landscape, and inhumane conditions. The schools are under-resourced, the weather is harsh, and the people live in barracks without privacy. Tule Lake is an ironic name because there is no lake. Joe digs up seashells, implying that Tule Lake was once covered by ocean. Its bleakness reflects Joe’s lack of freedom and the abuse of human rights.
The Christmas tree Joe and Mike select for 1941 begins as a symbol of family unity and joy. Joe’s father notes that cutting down a tree triggers its death, foreshadowing the destruction of the Hanadas as a unit and group of individuals. Like cutting down the tree, separating the Hanadas and removing them from their home cuts away their roots. Each member of the family suffers and for Mike, displacement leads to death. The Christmas tree becomes a warning of what happens when humans are removed from the security of their homes. Mr. Spooner brings the tree to the Hanadas because Mr. Hanada is in prison and can’t retrieve it. His gift is a symbol of hope and kindness that is quickly dashed by xenophobia.