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46 pages 1 hour read

Grace Lin

The Year of the Dog

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2005

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Chapters 1-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “A Sweet New Year”

The narrative begins with Pacy, the protagonist and narrator. (She is also called Grace, her American name.) Now, she is listening to her father’s phone conversation as her dad wishes relatives a “happy Year of the Dog” (1). As Pacy and her younger sister Kiki make decorations for the Lunar New Year (which Pacy calls the Chinese New Year), her mom and older sister Lissy prepare food for the celebration. Pacy asks what makes the Year of the Dog special. Her mother explains that because dogs are faithful, honest, and sincere, the Year of the Dog is the best year to celebrate friends and family and to figure out one’s values and future aspirations.

Pacy’s mother asks her to fill the Chinese New Year tray with Chinese candy, which is like taffy. Because there is not enough candy to cover the dish, Pacy adds M&Ms. After arguing with Lissy about the mixture, Pacy gives the tray to her father, who approves because the tray is like their family: a mixture of their Taiwanese and American identities.

Chapter 2 Summary: “How to Get Rich”

At dinner, Pacy marvels at the food: a whole fried fish, dumplings, vegetables, steamed buns, shrimp, and pork. As they sit, her dad explains that all of it represents wealth. As they joke about the fried dumplings representing gold coins and suggest that money could be made by selling them, Pacy’s grandfather calls to wish them a happy new year. They talk about how rich he is, and Pacy’s mom tells the story of how their grandfather earned his money.

When their grandfather finished medical school, he opened a clinic in his neighborhood but had no patients because people were hesitant to go to a new, young doctor. One night, as he sat alone in his clinic, a street vendor who had been robbed and injured came looking for help. Without hesitation, their grandfather worked through the night to save the man. When the man seemed well enough, their grandfather went home, telling the man that he would return in the morning. However, when he arrived, the man was gone because he could not afford medical services. Word spread in the village about their grandfather’s compassion, and soon, he had many patients who were able to pay for his services.

Chapter 3 Summary: “Welcoming the New Year”

After dinner, Pacy’s parents give the girls hong bao, red envelopes containing money. As Pacy’s mother helps the girls prepare for bed, she reveals that, typically, children are supposed to stay awake as long as possible on this night because the longer they remain awake, the longer their parents will live. However, because it is a school night, Pacy’s mom insists that they go to bed. Once her mother leaves, Pacy worries and wonders how long each wakeful minute will add to her parents’ lives. Pacy and Lissy turn on their lights and discuss their future careers. Lissy wants to be a doctor, but Pacy is unsure what she wants to be, so Lissy advises her sister to find a talent. Although she is worried about this daunting task, Pacy realizes that she has a whole year to find herself.

Chapter 4 Summary: “Talent”

The next morning, Pacy is exhausted. When her mom teases her for being lazy, Pacy asks if school will help her find her talent. Her mother confirms this and tells Pacy about her own experience in a school in Taiwan. At an assembly in the courtyard, during which the students had to stand at attention and stay silent, Pacy’s mom fell asleep standing up because the speaker’s voice was so soft and quiet. When she woke, she was alone except for a teacher standing angrily in front of her. Pacy marvels that her mother could sleep while standing up, and her mom jokes that she is talented.

Chapter 5 Summary: “A Surprise”

As Lissy and Pacy walk to the bus stop, Pacy notes that next year, Lissy will be in junior high, so Pacy will be the only Chinese student in the elementary school. This makes Pacy think about how she is Taiwanese, not Chinese, even though some people believe that Taiwan is part of China. Confused, Pacy once asked her mother what she should tell people about her heritage. Her mother responded, “You tell them that you’re American” (19). Pacy notes that no one calls her any of these things. Instead, they call her Grace, her American name.

At school, Pacy’s friend Becky asks about the Year of the Dog, so Pacy explains that there is a different animal assigned to each year. Intrigued, Becky wants to know about the year of the unicorn. When Becky is disappointed that there is no such thing, Pacy pretends that there is a unicorn day every leap year. The bell rings for lunch, but when the girls get in line for food, the lunch lady refuses to serve Pacy, claiming that she has already served the girl. Puzzled, Pacy is adamant that she has not eaten. It is only when Becky comes to her defense that the lunch lady gives food to Pacy. Sitting down, the girls see a new student, another Chinese girl, and they realize that the lunch lady thought that she and Pacy were the same person. Despite this microaggression, Pacy is excited to meet the new girl.

Chapter 6 Summary: “A New Year, A New Friend”

When Pacy and Becky sit with the new student, Melody, the girl knows Pacy’s name because their mothers have already met. Becky insists that Pacy’s name is Grace, which confuses Melody. Pacy explains that she has two names and that Grace is her American name. She and Melody discover that they have a lot in common. When they begin talking about Chinese New Year, Becky expresses her excitement about the Day of the Unicorn. When Melody looks confused, Pacy turns red with embarrassment at her earlier lie. However, Melody pretends to know what it is and smiles at Pacy. The two girls are instant friends.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Almost Twins”

When Pacy arrives home that day, she learns from her mom that Melody’s family is also Taiwanese American. Pacy goes to Melody’s house that afternoon and has fun meeting Melody’s brothers and drawing animals together. Everyone soon gets hungry and migrates to the kitchen. Unable to find any delicious snacks, they end up eating a jar of vitamins. When Melody’s mom finds them, she is upset and agrees to make them dinner.

Then, Pacy shares the story of how she came to be called Grace at school. On her first day, the teacher insisted that she be called Grace because that was the name listed on her roster. On the bus that day, Pacy asked Lissy about it, and Lissy told her that they each have a Chinese name and an American name. (Lissy explained that she was called Beatrice at school because the name is easier.) Lissy insisted that the different names did not matter, because Pacy was always the same person no matter what she was called. When Pacy finishes this story, she tells Melody that she can call her by either name.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Dinner at Melody’s”

When they sit down to dinner at Melody’s house, Pacy notices that the Chinese food looks different; everything is extra healthy, with brown rice, no sauces, and nothing fried. Pacy tries to eat the food but cannot, and Melody’s mom believes that she must be sick from eating too many vitamins. When Pacy’s mom picks her up, Pacy asks if Melody can come to her house for dinner next time.

Chapters 1-8 Analysis

The opening chapters highlight Pacy’s struggles with her identity and develop the theme of Challenges and Rewards of a Bicultural Upbringing. As a daughter of Taiwanese immigrants living in the United States, Pacy grapples with how to identify herself:

It’s kind of confusing. My parents came from Taiwan. Some people thought Taiwan was part of China. So then calling me Chinese was kind of correct. Other people thought Taiwan was a country all by itself, so then I should be called Taiwanese. It didn’t help that my parents spoke both Chinese and Taiwanese (18).

Consequently, when Pacy asks for clarification, her mother states that she is “American” (19). Pacy feels pressure to label herself but is uncertain of which label would be best to embrace. In addition to the confusion about how to name her ethnic background, Pacy is also faced with the fact that she has grown up in America surrounded by many people who have a different cultural background than she does. This issue is underscored by the fact that she has both a Taiwanese name and an American name. When she questions this in a conversation with her sister Lissy, the elder girl states, “Pacy is too weird for everyone […] And then they’d ask, ‘Why do Chinese people always have to have these weird names?’ Just let them call you Grace” (29). With this straightforward advice, Lissy emphasizes a challenge of a bicultural upbringing, for it is often necessary to explain cultural differences to others. To avoid this recurring issue, Lissy and others simply adopt a second name to make things easier for white Americans. Despite the challenges, there are benefits to growing up bicultural, which Pacy illustrates when she explains the Year of the Dog to Becky and when she gets to enjoy both Chinese candy and M&Ms on the Chinese New Year tray.

Within the opening chapters, many traditional Chinese symbols are introduced explicitly, along with other representations that are more complex. For example, the red New Year’s envelopes, hong bao, which contain money, represent luck and prosperity, as does the food that Pacy’s mom cooks on Chinese New Year. Additionally, based on the characteristics of the animal, the Year of the Dog also represents luck, honesty, and sincerity, for it is believed to be the ideal year to make connections with family and friends and to discover more about oneself. Another traditional symbol, the New Year candy tray, also represents good fortune, but for Pacy and her family, its symbolism extends beyond tradition. When Pacy is unable to completely fill the tray with Chinese candy, she includes M&Ms. Feeling uncertain about the mixture, she brings the tray to her father, who claims, “This way is good […] We should have both Chinese and American candy for the new year. It’s just like us—Chinese American” (4). By giving his approval and eating the candy, Pacy’s father accepts both parts of the family’s identity. In this way, the candy tray represents the idea of acculturation—adapting to the culture one lives in while still retaining one’s own heritage and traditions. The mixture of candy on the tray represents the idea that the two cultures can exist side-by-side, and that it is not necessary to make a choice between the two.

As the various aspects of Pacy’s life unfold, the overall structure of the narrative reveals two unique elements: stories-within-the-story and illustrations. In some chapters, family and friends share key memories, and these asides are set off by italics. These stories are a way for Pacy, her family, and Melody to share their history and culture with one another, and the author’s chosen format establishes The Impact of Stories on Identity. For example, when learning that the food at the Chinese New Year dinner represents wealth and prosperity, Pacy’s mom recall how Pacy’s grandfather gained his wealth and uses the tale to emphasize the key value of kindness and the history of the family. This story-within-a-story framework is used to build connections and shape identity, as when Pacy’s mom remembers being tired like her daughters and falling asleep at school, or when Pacy shares the story behind her American name. In addition to utilizing multi-layered storytelling, Grace Lin includes artwork to punctuate the most important events and ideas within these stories. Because Pacy later discovers her talents for illustrating and writing, this structural detail adds an additional layer of authenticity to the protagonist’s characterization, as if she were talking directly to the audience.

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