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65 pages 2 hours read

Radclyffe Hall

The Well of Loneliness

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1928

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Book 5, Chapters 46-50Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 5

Chapter 46 Summary

Stephen’s third novel is so well-received she becomes “famous.” Even Violet Antrim writes to her, trying to hobnob with her former enemy. Stephen attributes her success to the advice of Puddle, who sends Stephen a letter of hearty congratulations.

Stephen and Mary travel to Italy in the summer. Stephen is famous even in Italy, and many people try to befriend her, including the Lady Massey and her daughter Agnes. They invite Stephen and Mary everywhere, including to their house for Christmas. Mary is very excited about this prospect and talks about it constantly. Stephen is, at least on an unconscious level, a bit more hesitant, as she is unsure what the Masseys think of her and Mary’s relationship.

They spend a lot of time with the Masseys, inviting them to dinner and sending them frequent gifts. Lady Massey is constantly discussing her upcoming Christmas party, an event Stephen dreads and Mary anticipates. Right before the Christmas party, Lady Massey writes and retracts her invitation. She says she has heard “rumors” about Stephen and Mary’s relationship and as such must protect both her daughter and her reputation from their influence. She effectively ends their friendship in the letter. Stephen hopes to hide the letter from Mary, but Mary demands to see it. Mary cries all night after reading it. Stephen feels “helpless” to assuage Mary’s pain. Stephen tells Mary she loves her and kisses her hard over and over. They are both “exhausted” by the pain inflicted by the Masseys.

Chapter 47 Summary

Stephen and Mary spend time with Jaime, Barbara, and another of Valérie Seymour’s frequent guests, an alcoholic Polish painter named Wanda. They drink and dance, with Wanda directing Stephen so Stephen can learn to be as good a dancer as Mary. When everyone leaves Stephen and Mary talk about what fun they had. Mary mentions Lady Massey but says she knows they have friends they can trust now so the incident doesn’t matter anymore. The mention of Lady Massey makes Stephen worry that Mary is still unhappy.

Stephen often frequents Wanda’s church with Wanda. Wanda is at turns passionately and gravely religious. Stephen wonders if the god Wanda prays to will ever provide “salvation” for homosexuals on earth.

Chapter 48 Summary

Stephen grows more insecure about her relationship with Mary, eventually all but cutting off visits with Madame Duphot in fear of suffering through another Lady Massey situation. Stephen is determined to only frequent other homosexuals, since they are the only people she feels she can trust. Pat, one of Valérie Seymour’s frequent guests, invites Stephen and Mary to the Ideal Bar, introducing them to the Paris nightlife for the first time. Mary is excited but Stephen is apprehensive.

At the Ideal Bar, Stephen and Mary meet Pat and several of Valérie Seymour’s frequent guests, as well as Dickie, a young female aviator visiting Paris, and Valérie Seymour’s most recent lover, the young and attractive Jeanne Maurel. Wanda gets drunk and makes a scene. Stephen thinks she should get Mary back home, but she quickly realizes Mary is having a good time. The group moves to another bar called La Narcisse. Stephen and Mary dance together, and everyone drinks and talks. Brockett shows up and tries to ask Stephen if she’s “happy,” but Stephen shrugs the question off. They go to several more bars. Valérie Seymour, who remains adamantly sober, seems more and more impressive to Stephen in her ability to remain “cool” in the face of practically anything. Stephen is disgusted when they enter a dive called Alec’s. Sins and drugs of every kind are happening all around her. One of Valérie Seymour’s guests, Adolphe, notices her disgust and tries to justify the sinfulness around her by calling it “despair.”

Back at home, Stephen expresses her disappointment with the night of barhopping. Mary says at least they never have to worry about being judged.

Chapter 49 Summary

Adèle gets married to Jean in a big wedding partly funded by Stephen. They are married in Notre-Dames-des-Victoires. Back at the house, there is much merriment, if a few jokes made at Stephen’s expense.

Stephen is permeated with “sadness” after having witnessed Adèle’s wedding, a ceremony she will never get to take part in. Mary and David sense Stephen’s depression and comfort her. 

Chapter 50 Summary

Business at Morton calls again, but this time Stephen handles everything via post, unwilling to put Mary through either a painful visit or her painful absence. They vacation for a bit with Barbara and Jaime, partially in hopes of helping Barbara’s deteriorating health. Jaime is more depressed than ever. She can barely work, frustrated by her lack of money and Barbara’s recent inability to engage sexually. Stephen offers Jaime money countless times, but Jaime refuses all attempts. Barbara doesn’t seem to be getting better, so Mary begs her to let them help with the doctor’s bill, but Barbara is insistent that it would upset Jaime too much.

All of them start going to the bar quite a lot, except Barbara, who is too ill. Even when they are home, they drink a lot, a habit Mary defends. Mary also defends the barhopping by explaining a bar is one of the only public settings where they can dance together and not be mocked.

Stephen has had to put her work on hold to satisfy Mary’s need to go out. She worries about Mary’s drinking, which has increased substantially. Sometimes Mary regrets drinking in the morning. When this happens, Stephen expresses her discontent with their new lifestyle. This only angers Mary, who says they must continue going to bars because they aren’t welcome anywhere else.

One winter morning, Jaime arrives at Stephen’s to tell them Barbara cannot get up. She believes it is the result of a fight they had, after which Barbara went out in the cold weather. Stephen agrees to go over to Jaime’s, but not without calling a doctor first.

The doctor comes and says Barbara has double pneumonia. Mary cleans the house and goes grocery shopping while Stephen arranges for a nurse. Barbara loses consciousness, and the nurse has Jaime lie down, as she is not looking healthy either. The nurse can’t ask Jaime to make any big decisions regarding Barbara because they are not technically family. The nurse asks if Jaime is “mental” (364). This outrages Stephen, but Jaime is too sad to care. She keeps bringing up the fight she and Barbara had.

Barbara dies quickly after the nurse arrives. She kisses Jaime’s hand but is unable to talk to her. Jaime lays on top of her, sobbing. She dismisses the nurse, who looks to Stephen for approval. Stephen tells the nurse it is okay to leave. When she is gone, Jaime grows angry and expresses her anguish over not being able to publicly “mourn” Barbara, as she knows to do so would bring Barbara shame. Jaime thanks Mary and Stephen for their help and asks them to leave. At first, Stephen isn’t sure this is a good idea, but then she recognizes Jaime’s “right” to be with her dead lover.

The next morning Stephen and Mary arrive at Jaime and Barbara’s to find that Jaime has killed herself with a revolver.

Book 5, Chapters 46-50 Analysis

In this section more than any other, the limitations lesbians experienced in 20th-century England are in stark relief. The love that Mary and Stephen share is genuine; they passionately care for, dote on, brag about, and defend each other. Even with this deep connection between them, society’s refusal to acknowledge or respect lesbians prevents them from seemingly countless traditional joys. As touched on in Stephen’s escapade with Angela, they can never marry. The loss of this one rite brings with it the loss of countless others—no wedding, no honeymoon, no lifelong government-sanctioned protection or bond, no engagement or wedding announcement in the papers—in total, no public celebration of their love whatsoever. Additionally, every interaction they have throughout their lives must be guarded, as the people they encounter may be judgmental or violent towards homosexuals. Stephen and Mary have to live much of their lives in secret, and they can trust almost no one with their secret. They never go to Stephen’s childhood home, Morton, and they wouldn’t even be able to glance at each other appreciatively in her hometown without attracting the ire of the local citizens. They can’t dance, kiss, hold hands, or speak to each other in loving tones outside of their home or pre-sanctioned company. Furthermore, they are not able to have children. Without modern day adoption services, technologies, or policies, there was no avenue through which lesbians could become parents. As evidenced through the scene in which the nurse refuses to allow Jaime to have any jurisdiction over Barbara because they are not legally considered family, it is clear that even in death lesbians were not allowed any breathing room. They were not allowed to publicly remember and celebrate each other, and they were not allowed to make important decisions related to their loved ones’ health because of legal barriers. All these limitations forced lesbians like Stephen and Mary to lead narrow, often unsatisfying, lives—a predicament that in many cases, like Jaime’s, led to suicide.

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