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91 pages 3 hours read

Christina Diaz Gonzalez

The Red Umbrella

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Chapters 9-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary: “Thousands Remain in Cuban Prisons —Daily Chronical, May 27, 1961”

Lucia waits for Papa to get home so she can go to the dance. He is running late, and Lucia is worried about missing her first dance. Tio Antonio arrives in his brown convertible. He is also waiting for Papa, but he agrees to chaperone Lucia so Mama can look after Frankie until Papa comes home. Mama gives Lucia her diamond earrings to wear for the evening. On the way to the Yacht Club, Lucia askes her uncle, “What’s patria potestad?” She heard this phrase from her parents, but they will not tell her what it means. Antonio explains that “some people have this crazy idea that Castro wants kids to be property of the state” (101). He acts like this notion is ridiculous, and Lucia agrees with him. Antonio stays in the car to smoke rather than going inside the club with Lucia.

Chapter 10 Summary: “Castro’s Deal—People for Tractors —The Washington Post, May 27, 1961”

Lucia meets Ivette at the dance. They spot Manuel, who immediately asks Lucia to dance. After dancing, they get drinks and discuss the revolution. Manuel sounds “like all the other brigadistas” to Lucia, and she starts to lose attraction for him until he whispers in her ear, “you’ve just got to say what they want to hear” (106). Lucia wonders if he is pretending, just like her own family. Then, Lucia learns that Ivette is also joining the brigadistas and that she is leaving in just a few days, along with Manuel. Furious that her friend kept this information from her, Lucia storms outside with Manuel, who kisses her. Manuel takes the kissing too far and does not stop when Lucia asks him to. She scrambles away from him, and he yells at her, saying, “you stupid gusana. You’re a worm, just like your father” (109). Lucia runs away and tells her uncle she wants to leave, but he is speaking with a soldier and is not ready to go. He tells her to go back inside, where she rushes to the bathroom and makes amends with Ivette. Ivette supports Lucia and tells her mother, who is chaperoning, that they are ready to leave the dance.

Chapter 11 Summary: “The Red Plot Confirmed —Chicago Dailey Tribune, May 27, 1961”

On the drive home from the dance, Lucia replays the awful events of the night. They pull up to her house and see several police cars. Lucia rushes inside to find her father in handcuffs and her mother and brother on the couch. Several soldiers have searched the house, tearing up the floorboards where the valuables were hidden. Lucia realizes Ivette must have betrayed her, as no one else knew about the valuables in the floor. Ivette’s mother tells Ivette, “You see. This is what I’ve been telling you. You can’t trust people like this” (114). The gulf between the two friends widens. Papa is taken by the soldiers, and Lucia and Ivette argue in the driveway. Lucia says she never wants to see Ivette again.

Chapter 12 Summary: “A Blow to the Anti-Castro Cause —The Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1961”

Mama calls Antonio, who has friends on the police force, and learns that Papa has not been officially charged with anything, and that he may come home soon. The previous evening, soldiers took Mama’s wedding band. Thankfully, Mama still has her diamond earrings because Lucia was wearing them. Frankie retrieves the mail and tells Lucia there is a letter from Ivette. The letter explains that Ivette is sorry about what has happened to her family, and that she is not responsible for the soldiers finding out about the valuables in the floor. Lucia does not believe her and decides not to make up with Ivette before Ivette leaves with the brigadistas. Lucia crumples up the letter, deciding to throw away her friendship.

Chapters 9-12 Analysis

Lucia’s childhood and innocence are challenged in these chapters in several ways. Sexual assault shatters her notions of romance and propriety, and the incident with Ivette and the soldiers shatters her sense of safety. Navigating secrets and lies from family and friends is another major contributing factor to Lucia’s loss of innocence.

First, Lucia is assaulted and verbally accosted by Manuel. He molests her and then berates her because of her father’s political affiliation. Lucia wonders if he treated her poorly because she did not act like a grown up. She wonders if she should have let him continue kissing her even though she felt uncomfortable.

Second, Ivette and Lucia’s friendship in on the brink of dissolving. Lucia feels she was betrayed by her closest childhood friend. Their political differences and family loyalties are driving them apart. Ivette’s parents are avid participants in the revolution, and her father has an important government position. They do not want Ivette to associate with Lucia anymore, and Lucia’s parents feel the same way. Ivette believes Lucia is foolish for not joining the brigadistas, and Lucia feels Ivette has betrayed her by turning in her father. When Lucia trashes Ivette’s apology letter, she is also choosing to toss away their friendship. Essentially, Lucia chooses her family over her friend.

The fact that Mama still has her diamond earrings after the incident with the soldiers demonstrates how the family attempts to maintain their freedom and identity. If Mama has her diamond earrings, she is still herself and still owns part of her life. The government has not taken everything from them yet, but the Alvarezes will have to be more careful and start participating in the revolution in a meaningful way to ensure their safety. Because Castro punishes people who do not conform to his ideals, relationships with family and friends are being destroyed. Ivette’s family, Manuel, and Uncle Antonio have all conformed to the expectations of the revolution, putting them at odds with Lucia and her parents.

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