36 pages • 1 hour read
John SteinbeckA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In the springtime, Jody walks home from school. He drums on his lunch pail, then fills it with toads, lizards, and other small insects. When he arrives at the ranch, he brings in the mail. His mother tells him to go and see his father out by the barn. Jody leaves the lunch pail and ignores his mother’s screams when she discovers what’s inside. Carl and Billy are near the pasture looking at a mare named Nellie. Carl offers to have Nellie impregnated by their neighbor’s horse and give Jody her colt. Jody agrees to work hard on the ranch in order to earn his new horse.
After finishing his evening chores, Jody goes to see Nellie. Billy, after milking a cow, warns Jody that he will get bored while waiting for the colt to be born. Jody disagrees. The next day, Jody takes Nellie to Jess Taylor’s ranch. A stallion named Sundog impregnates her, and Jody gives Jess five dollars.
During the spring and summer, Jody diligently does his chores around the ranch and visits Nellie every day. One day, Jody complains to Billy that Nellie isn’t showing after three months. Billy explains that Jody won’t be able to ride the colt for two years. Jody hopes Nellie will have a black stallion, but Billy says a stallion is too dangerous. They talk about the birthing process, which Billy compares to cows being born. Jody worries something will go awry during the birth, and Billy feels guilty about what happened to Gabilan. He assures Jody that Nellie has “thrown good colts before” (188) and that he will do everything he can for Nellie.
Jody frequently visits the spring water pipe at the brush line. It is a soothing place, unlike the cypress tree where pigs are killed. He absentmindedly walks under that tree while thinking about the colt and considers it bad luck. He goes to the brush line and envisions his colt, which he plans to name Black Demon. Jody wants to use the horse to help out the sheriff, win rodeos, and even meet the president.
In the autumn, Mrs. Tiflin tells Jody he needs to give Nellie warm mash every other day. Jody runs to the barn and sees that Nellie is pregnant. Billy says the colt will be born in three months. Jody makes Billy swear to call him when the birth starts. Billy says he’s part horse because he drank mare’s milk after his mother died in childbirth; he promises to make sure Jody gets a good colt. Jody is more excited about the birth than Christmas. In January, Jody grows impatient and nags Billy.
In February, Jody has nightmares and visits Nellie in the middle of the night. Billy assures Jody that he will make sure the colt is born. Jody doubts Billy because of what happened with Gabilan. Jody wakes up his parents. Carl tells him to have faith in Billy, explaining that Gabilan’s death was not Billy’s fault. After Jody gets back into bed, Billy wakes him up for the birth.
Nellie struggles to give birth, and Billy realizes the colt is turned the wrong way. Billy tells Jody to leave, or at least look away, but Jody sneaks a look and sees Billy kill Nellie and cut the black colt out of her dead body. Billy says he fulfilled his promise to get Jody his colt and asks Jody to get hot water. When Jody doesn’t move, Billy yells at him. The look on Billy’s face, and the blood all over him, causes Jody to run to the house in fear.
“The Promise,” like the previous stories, develops the theme of The Connection Between People and Their Environment. Steinbeck includes details about the natural world that surrounds the Tiflin ranch, including the flora and fauna in the Salinas Valley: “The meadowlarks sang like water, and the wild doves, concealed among the bursting leaves of the oaks, made a sound of unrestrained grieving” (184). Oaks and sage, which naturally grow in the real-life Salinas Valley where Steinbeck lived, appear throughout the Tiflin ranch stories, adding a rich, sensory sense of setting. Parts of the ranch take on symbolic significance over the course of the stories. In this installment, the cypress tree and the water tub symbolize darkness and light. To Jody, “the black cypress tree by the bunkhouse was as repulsive as the water-tub was dear [...] The water-tub and the black cypress were opposites and enemies” (189). The cypress symbolizes death because it is where pigs are slaughtered on the ranch. The water tub—located by the sagebrush—has grass growing around it, symbolizing life. Jody reads into the land, even growing superstitious after walking under the cypress tree, which represents a growing respect for his environment and an awareness of its power.
“The Promise” also develops the theme of Jody’s Coming of Age. Carl decides to give Jody another chance to raise a horse. This responsibility makes Jody want to be more mature. Before he knew about the second horse, Jody acted immaturely. On his way home from school, he had gathered insects and amphibians to scare his mother. After Carl tells him about the new colt, “Jody felt that all such foolishness was lost in the past.” (183). Coming of age, for Jody, means taking on responsibilities and not causing problems for other people. He wants to feel worthy of raising a horse and tries to prove himself.
Jody being given another horse also develops the theme of the Relationships Between Men and Boys. After the red pony died, the dynamic between Billy and Jody changes: “Billy knew he had been infallible before [Gabilan’s death], and now he was capable of failure [...] he felt badly about his lost prestige” (188). Jody worshiped Billy like a hero before the red pony’s death. After Gabilan’s death, Carl tells Jody not to blame Billy, citing Billy’s extensive experience with horses. Jody blames Billy and never admits to his own wrongdoing of falling asleep when he was supposed to be watching the sick pony. Jody “wished he believed everything Billy said as he had before the pony died” (194). His lost faith in Billy makes Billy feel guilty about Gabilan’s death, so he promises Jody a colt. If Billy had known the truth about Gabilan, that the pony got out of the barn while sick, he might not have made this promise. Therefore, Jody’s withholding of information makes it impossible for other characters to let go of their guilt.
Furthermore, Billy’s promise comes at a higher cost than Jody anticipated. Billy kills Nellie in order to extract the colt, which is covered in blood. After he shows Jody the colt, “the bloody face, and the haunted, tired eyes of Billy Buck hung in the air ahead of [Jody]” (197). Jody is haunted by the extreme action that Billy takes to save the colt and redeem himself, and Jody runs off. This demonstrates Billy’s desperation and guilt, and Jody’s unreadiness to truly care for an animal.
By John Steinbeck
Aging
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American Literature
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Animals in Literature
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Books that Feature the Theme of...
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Childhood & Youth
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Coming-of-Age Journeys
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Earth Day
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Fathers
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Fear
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Forgiveness
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Nobel Laureates in Literature
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Pride & Shame
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