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67 pages 2 hours read

R. F. Kuang

The Poppy War

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2018

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Part 2, Chapters 10-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 10 Summary

The beginning of this chapter is told from the point of view of the Cike commander, Tyr, onboard the Federation-owned schooner the Emperor Ryohai. On Daji’s orders, Tyr lurks on the ship, cloaked in shadow. He finds it difficult to leave the darkness and thinks about Chuluu Korikh, the stone mountain where shamans are imprisoned when they lose their sanity. Daji comes aboard and meets with a Federation general. She spots Tyr and pushes him off the ship, killing him.

In midsummer, the Federation declares war on Nikan and begins decimating northern cities, conquering Horse Province on their way to Sinegard. The Academy is transformed into a military encampment. Classes stop meeting and the instructors resume the positions they had in the Second Poppy War. Rin wants to call the gods to help them fight, but Jiang warns Rin that shamanism shouldn’t be militarized. He grows agitated when Rin mentions the Phoenix and begins to avoid her again. She sneaks into his garden and steals poppy seeds.

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary

The Federation breaches Sinegard’s walls. Rin makes her first kill; she feels no emotion. She is tempted by the Phoenix’s fury and the poppy seeds in her pocket but decides against calling the god. Rin is attacked while staring at Raban’s dead body, but Nezha saves her. The former enemies team up and effectively cover each other’s weaknesses. A Federation general approaches them but Jiang blocks him.

The general recognizes Jiang, who is radiating with quiet power. A gate appears behind Jiang and beastly cries come from within. Jiang tells Rin and Nezha to run, but a wall comes down around them. Rin wakes under the rubble with Nezha beside her, bleeding profusely. She watches, frozen, as the Federation general climbs out from beneath the rubble and stabs Nezha in the stomach.

Rin swallows the poppy seeds and begs the Phoenix for help. She becomes an unmediated conduit for the Phoenix, who burns the general and everything in the vicinity. Rin loses all sense of time. She hears Niang taking care of her, and she is visited by Daji, who kisses Rin’s forehead and cools her internal fire.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary

Rin is held in the basement. She learns from Kitay that the Federation retreated in fear of the Speerly: Rin is shocked to realize he means her. The Academy is liquidated: Jiang is missing, Nezha is in the critical care unit, and the students are dispersed among various divisions. Kitay leaves with the Second Division to the wartime capital Golyn Niis.

Irjah—now a general—visits Rin on her sixth day in captivity. He reveals that he raised Altan after the Second Poppy War and that he knows about Speerlies’ powers. Rin is distressed when Irjah tells her she’s being assigned to the Cike. Rin, remembering the Cike’s terrible reputation, is distraught, but Irjah says he recommended Rin to the Cike to save her from being a pawn in the Warlords’ disputes. He calls in the Cike commander, who turns out to be Altan. Altan is astounded that another Speerly lives. He promises to help Rin control her power.

Altan tells her that everyone in the Cike, except their munitions expert and their physician, are shamans. Rin and Altan journey to the port city Khurdalain. Altan reveals that the country hinges on Khurdalain’s fate.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

Three weeks later, Rin and Altan arrive at Khurdalain. They meet Qara, one of the Cike, who tells them that the Federation captured three sides of the city and a stretch of beach. Qara says the Warlords’ fighting has been exacerbated by a new general, who turns out to be Jun. Jun appears, dragging a teenaged Cike member, Ramsa, by the ear. Jun mocks and threatens the Cike, infuriating Altan. Altan and Ramsa go to the government complex to meet with the Warlords while Qara takes Rin to Enki, the Cike physician, who carefully metes her out some psychedelics.

At mealtime, Rin is introduced to more Cike members: Baji, a strong man who channels a boar spirit, Aratsha, a river-god initiate who spends his time as a barrel of water, and Unegen, a shape-shifter. Another Cike member, Suni, aggressively enters the mess hall. He is being mentally tormented by his deity, the monkey god. Altan rests his forehead against Suni’s and soothes him until the god exits his mind.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

After three days of meeting with the Warlords, Altan summons Rin. He tells her about how commanding the Cike is different than dealing with Sinegardian graduates: They are undisciplined but have immense power when put to the right use. The rest of the Cike arrive and Altan details a plan to sink a fleet of Federation ships. Three days later, the Cike get in position. The boats approach and Ramsa forces them toward the Cike. Aratsha manipulates the tides to ground the fleet. Qara assassinates Federation soldiers with arrows while Suni and Baji smash through the rest. Rin and Altan are meant to take care of the stragglers, but Rin cannot call the Phoenix. Altan pushes her to safety and conjures a pair of fiery wings that incinerate everything in their vicinity. Together, the Cike sink the entire fleet.

Altan leaves to brief the Warlords and the others begin talking about the fall of Speer. Qara says the Speerly queen Mai’rinnen Tearza could have called the Phoenix to save the island, but the price the Phoenix asked for was too great and Tearza refused, dooming her people.

When Altan returns, Rin apologizes for being unable to call the Phoenix. Altan insults Jiang’s cautious instruction. Rin defends Jiang, saying that he wanted to protect her. She asks Altan how, after calling the Phoenix, he makes it stop; he replies, “I don’t.”

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

After the Cike’s attack, Federation delegates approach with a white flag. The Warlords argue over what to do, then toss the decision to Altan, who decides they should meet in hope of peace. They meet the delegation, and Rin gets a close look at a Mugenese soldier for the first time. She is disappointed to find they look more like Sinegardians than Rin and Altan do.

The delegation proposes a short ceasefire and have brought chests of sugar and salt as a peace offering. While the Militia meets with the delegation in private, Ramsa rushes in, saying the chest of salt is actually saltpeter. Everything explodes. Rin, Altan, and Ramsa survive, but Khurdalain is decimated. Rin helps Enki triage civilians for the rest of the day.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Hours later, Rin leaves the triage center. Qara won’t let Rin see Altan, who is “indisposed.” Time passes, and the Federation army torments nearby cities, causing an influx of refugees to Khurdalain. The populace turns against the Militia and the Warlords scapegoat Altan.

When Altan reemerges, he acts increasingly reckless and irrational. In Rin’s shaman training, the Speerly woman insists that Rin resist the Phoenix. Rin realizes this is the spirit of Tearza, the last Speerly queen.

Finally, 2,000 reinforcements arrive. Rin recognizes Nezha at the front of the ranks.

Part 2, Chapters 10-16 Analysis

Chapter 10 marks the start of Part 2, and its beginning is the only section not from Rin’s point of view. The reader is privy to Daji’s murder of Tyr and instigation of the Third Poppy War while Rin remains under Daji’s enchantment. Despite this loyalty, Rin and her friends face some ugly truths about The Brutality of War and the Dehumanization of the Enemy. Kitay insists that the Mugenese are “more human than [they] realize” and wants to know why no one has “ever stopped to ask what the Federation want” (232). Rin rejects these attempts to humanize their enemies; she hates seeing Federation soldiers up close because she “would have preferred a faceless, monstrous enemy” (327). Witnessing the humanity and familiarity of her supposed enemy reveals the precarity of wartime politics: If the Empire can mobilize such malice toward these people who look virtually identical to Sinegardians, what might become of Nikara like Rin and Altan, who barely resemble their northern countrymen?

Rin believes there is no correlation between morality and victory: “[A]t the end of the day whoever is alive is the side that wins. War doesn’t determine who’s right. War determines who remains” (233). Who remains, in turn, dictates The Influence of Stories on Social Structures and defines national views. Rin has already suspected this regarding Nikan’s tales about Speer. In Chapter 15, Rin is disturbed to find that stories of the differences between the Nikara and the Mugenese are false and that “the slant of their eyes and the shape of their mouths [are] nowhere near as pronounced as the textbooks reported” (326). She realizes that racial difference is a social construction. Nikan, who “won” the Second Poppy War, uses historical propaganda to affect its population’s vision of the Mugenese. Dehumanization of the enemy is a tool to mobilize the nation’s hate and nationalism.

Chapters 10 and 11 detail Sinegard’s dissolution and the beginning of the Third Poppy War. Many high fantasy books with young adult protagonists engage the trope of an elite boarding school whose students have some type of exemplary power. Until now, The Poppy War has fit firmly within this standard: Rin is an unlikely admit to a cohort of students whose power is their wealth, influence, and resources. Often, while conflict rages outside, such academies remain insulated. Kuang uses The Brutality of War and the Dehumanization of the Enemy to invert this trope: When Mugen invades, the school is dissolved and turned into a warfront. Rin reflects that “when you [teach] [children] to fight a war, then you [arm] them and put them on the front lines, they [are] not children anymore. They [are] soldiers” (236). Faced with the realities of war, Sinegard Academy gives no safety to its students; even Rin, who hungers for power and wants to weaponize the gods, acknowledges that war is “a nightmare.” Kuang also strikes down the trope of the powerful mentor coming to the rescue: Jiang appears to save Nezha and Rin, revealing himself to be the long-lost Gatekeeper of the Trifecta, but Nezha ends up critically injured anyway. Before the book’s halfway point, the Academy crumbles, countless students are killed, and the setting shifts to bloody warfronts. Kuang thus disrupts genre expectations by painting a bleak, but realistic, picture of what war does to a country.

When Rin joins the Cike in Khurdalain, she sees how The Brutality of War and the Dehumanization of the Enemy becomes intertwined with Addiction as a Tool of Control for shamans. Most shamans seem to teeter on the brink of sanity. Rin sees Suni lose control of his power in the mess hall, unable to banish the gods from his mind. Suni tells Altan, “They keep telling me to do things. I don’t know who to listen to” (293). Unlike the shamanism Rin learned from Jiang, the Cike use psychedelics to sacrifice their bodies and minds to serve as a conduit for their gods’ power. Every time they do this, as Tyr reveals before his death, “it [becomes] harder to walk in the world of the material” and to detach from their gods (221). Addiction becomes inevitable because the drugs are the only way they can maintain control. When they lose themselves completely, they become “a gate to the spirit realm without a lock” (221), until they must be locked away.

The Cike are also tied to the theme of The Influence of Stories on Social Structures. The Cike has a reputation for being dangerous and dishonorable. They are not respected within the military; shamans are mere myths to the general populace, and those who are aware of their existence dehumanize, fear, and disrespect them. This is doubly true for Altan and Rin, who face discrimination for their Speerly heritage (and lower-class upbringing, in Rin’s case).

Altan insists that “[g]reat danger is always associated with great power. The difference between the great and the mediocre is that the great are willing to take that risk” (320). Where Jiang preached extreme caution, Altan uses Rin’s addiction to praise and encourages her rage and lust for power. Rin does not yet realize that Altan, who is obsessed with getting revenge on the Federation, has an addiction to opium. He smokes to quiet the Phoenix’s demands for blood and to cope with the mental scars left by war. While shamans can achieve great power, it comes at great cost to their minds; this paints a grim picture of Rin’s future.

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