53 pages • 1 hour read
Neil GaimanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narrator has a nightmare: He feels as if he must wake or die. He wakes but can’t remember the dream. He walks to the window where the moon is low in the night sky; Old Mrs. Hempstock walks back and forth, leaning on a stick.
In the morning, the narrator finds fresh clothes—a white shirt with long tails, knee pants, long tan stockings, and a jacket with a v-cut in the back—and puts them on. The shoes have buckles and are too big, so he carries them with him and gets lost in the upstairs halls, until the kitten finally leads him down a different hallway and he finds the kitchen.
Ginnie says Lettie is out obtaining items that will help get rid of Ursula once and for all. She says the narrator can wear the old-fashioned clothes outside because Old Mrs. Hempstock put a “glamour” on them so no one will notice them. The boy says he hates Ursula. Ginnie says the creature is just doing what such creatures do; she needs to return home, but she’s “headstrong.”
The narrator eats a delicious breakfast of porridge, honeycomb and cream, toast and blackberry jam, and the best cup of tea he’s ever had. The kitten, drinking cream from a saucer, purrs loudly. Lettie returns holding an old shopping bag. She has a cut on her cheek. She complains that it was hard pulling up the screaming mandrake and trading it for a “shadow-bottle” that got her into a “bazaar” where she found what she needs. The boy looks in the bag: It’s full of old, broken toys. Lettie adds the jar with the boy’s worm—the wormhole—to the bag. She tells him he needn’t accompany her on her next task, but he says he feels safer with her.
As the children leave through the back door, the narrator finds a pair of riding boots just his size and puts them on. They walk to the pond, sit on the bench, and gaze at the water. The boy says he believes the Hempstocks aren’t human and probably don’t even look human in reality. Lettie says it’s what’s inside that counts. The boy asks if she’s a “monster” like Ursula; she says she doesn’t think so, and that most monsters just look scary and are scared of things themselves. He asks why Ursula would be scared if she’s an adult. Lettie says adults are children on the inside.
Lettie says she loves her “ocean.” The narrator says it’s just pretending to be that big, and she defends it: “It’s as big as it needs to be” (155). They walk back to the house. The boy’s things are all neatly folded inside a paper bag. He and Lettie walk to his house, taking a back route. They walk around his house, with Lettie burying the toys in a pattern around it. She says the toys are meant to mark boundaries that stop some things from traveling. This boundary will trap Ursula on the property so they can send her home.
The narrator’s sister wonders where he’s been, since he has no friends to visit. He introduces Lettie as his friend. The boy’s sister doesn’t notice his strange clothes. Lettie drops a toy onto a pile of toys near the house’s piano. She tells the boy that Ursula is giving away money to soften up people for the pain she plans to inflict on them. They head for Ursula’s room: On the way up the stairs, Lettie places a marble, a pair of doll’s eyes, and a magnet on each step.
The children enter Ursula’s bedroom. The room has cloth of various lengths hanging from the ceiling. Ursula sleeps naked on the bed. Lettie wakes her and says she has to leave. Ursula sits up and petulantly insists that this world is perfect for her, its people defenseless against her. Lettie says she will send her to a safe place where she’ll be happy.
Ursula stands and looks scarier than ever. The cloths float down from the ceiling and wrap around the narrator, tying him up so he falls over. Ursula says she’ll turn Lettie inside-out and keep her in her room. Lettie calls Ursula by her true name, “Skarthach of the Keep” (165), a name she learned only this morning. She says she wanted to give Ursula a chance to go freely. She points out that, in this world, there are no other creatures like Ursula because such creatures are hunted by hungry “Varmints.”
Ursula insists she’s not scared, but the narrator can tell she is. Lettie says Ursula is trapped in the house, and now there are “breadcrumbs” (Lettie’s toys) that will lead the Varmints to her. Ursula runs out and down the stairs. Lettie pulls the cloths off the boy. She says she’s dealt with Ursula-types before, like when one got into England during the Cromwell era. She knows Ursula will shortly become victim to the “hunger birds,” the “cleaners” who get rid of fleas like her (168).
The children find Ursula outside, staring at the wormhole jar. She throws it against a tree, but it bounces off. She asks why Lettie brought the hunger birds; Lettie says they simply go wherever there’s food. Ursula begins to cry; the narrator feels awkward, watching an adult weep.
Ursula’s face changes, and her eyes look like whorls on tree bark. She says she’ll go. Lettie gives her the jar, and Ursula pulls from it the wormhole and tosses it to the ground, where it grows into a gigantic tunnel. The narrator feels an icy pain in his chest. Ursula approaches the tunnel, then declares that it’s blocked. She looks at the boy, then turns into a flapping thing like an unfurling umbrella, grabs the boy, and lifts him high in the air. He kicks and pulls, but the creature feels like “rotting cloth and soft wood” (173) and weighs him down.
The narrator hears Ursula talking inside his mind, saying that the way through the tunnel includes something still stuck inside his heart. She must reach into his chest, pull out his heart, and use it to fully open the tunnel. Lettie lets out a sharp whistle, and hundreds of black flying things appear overhead and descend toward them. Ursula hurries to the tunnel, but the flying things, hunger birds, dive and tear off pieces of her fabric body. She screams and says it’s unfair, that she never forced anyone to do anything. The birds keep tearing at her, and she collapses. The boy falls to the ground. Lettie pulls him away as the birds land on the remaining bits of squirming cloth, tearing them to shreds until the screaming stops and nothing is left.
The hunger birds pull the wormhole up into the sky and devour it. They then sit on the lawn like patches of darkness. Lettie tells them to go, but they say there’s more to eat. She puts her arms around the narrator and hustles him to a patch of green grass, a fairy ring, at the bottom of the garden. She says he’ll be safe there, but must not leave for anything until she gets back.
The hunger birds, mere shadows, gather around the ring. The narrator can’t see them except out of the corner of his eye. He’s terrified and waits a long time.
At dusk, the opal miner walks toward him. He looks like a wax figure. He tells the narrator, “You’re just prolonging the inevitable” (182). The opal miner explains that the carrion birds must clean up every last scrap, which includes the boy. He insists it’s a painless way to go. The boy closes his eyes and recites from memory a poem from Alice in Wonderland. He opens his eyes, and the opal miner is gone.
The narrator’s sister comes out and tells him that their father is on the phone. She threatens to get him in trouble if he doesn’t go inside. The boy is uncertain if this sister is real, and stays within the ring. She leaves. It gets dark; lights come on in the house. The boy recites a Gilbert and Sullivan poem about being ill and having nightmares.
The narrator’s father comes out and tells him to come inside. He refuses; his father gets angry and shouts at him. The boy cries and says he doesn’t like his father’s shouting. His father continues to shout. The boy asks, “Does it make you feel big to make a little boy cry?” (189) and immediately regrets it. His father, stunned, walks away.
Ursula appears. She’s still naked, and the narrator can see through her. She says the creatures have let her out so she can tell him he’ll belong to her as a plaything when they’ve eaten him. She blows him a kiss.
Lettie arrives and tells the narrator that everything is fixed, that he can leave the circle. He tells her to walk inside the circle instead. She laughs and changes into a shadow. Voices in his head say nobody loves him, that Lettie will never come back, and that he can save himself from all the pain in his life, now and in the future, by stepping out of the ring. The voices say that the hole in his heart will always haunt him with places he can’t go to.
The narrator decides that, if he’s going to die, he’ll do so waiting for Lettie. The voices and specters stop. He keeps reciting the nightmare poem: “[…] and your flesh is a-creep for your left leg’s asleep and you’ve cramp in your toes and a fly on your nose […]” (194).
Lettie arrives carrying a heavy bucket of water. She walks into the circle and sets the bucket down. She explains that, since the narrator couldn’t go to the “ocean,” she’d bring it to him. However, it took a while to get the pond to cooperate.
The narrator is hungry and tired. Lettie asks if he was scared, and he affirms it. She asks if the shadows tried to lure him out, and he says they did. She takes the boy’s hands and says she’s proud of him. Lettie tells him to stand in the bucket. He does so and immediately falls as if in a swimming pool.
Underwater, the narrator closes his eyes and holds his breath as long as he can, then exhales and inhales water, but it doesn’t hurt. Suddenly, he understands everything: the universe, the thin world of his life that lies atop a dark, writhing place of nightmares, the whispers between everything and everything else, the dark matter that contains what can’t be seen.
The narrator opens his eyes. Lettie is still holding his hand, but she looks like “silken sheets the color of ice, filled with tiny flickering candle flames” (199). He loves this place and wants to stay, but Lettie says he’ll dissolve into it and no longer be himself.
Suddenly, the narrator is coughing water, standing in Lettie’s pond. She pulls him from the pond, and he’s completely dry and remembers that, a moment earlier, he knew everything. He asks if Lettie knows everything; she says she did, but that one must give up this knowledge to play in the world.
The children go to the farmhouse, where the narrator eats delicious shepherd’s pie while Lettie and Ginnie discuss the hunger birds. Lettie is surprised at the large number of them, but Ginnie points out that “You put up signals, and called them. Like banging the dinner bell, you were” (204). Lettie wonders why the creatures won’t leave, like they normally do. Ginnie insists they’ll go away eventually. The boy trusts them, but worries aloud that he’ll get eaten and die. Ginnie says this won’t happen. The boy and Lettie leave the farmhouse; he holds her hand and promises himself not to let go.
Old Mrs. Hempstock sleeps and can’t be woken until she’s ready, perhaps in 100 years. Lettie, Ginnie, and the narrator walk up the lane in the dark. They stop where the opal miner died at the edge of the farm property. Ginnie calls out to the hunger birds. The farm begins to glow, and the birds land just outside it, each of them now much bigger than the boy.
Imperiously, Ginnie tells the hunger birds to leave, but they laugh that they can go where they please, have eaten entire worlds, and are a necessary function. They flock to a tree and eat it until it’s gone and only a blankness remains. A fox wanders by and is consumed completely. The birds fly up and devour a constellation of stars in the sky. They mean to ingest the entire universe unless they get the narrator.
The narrator doesn’t want to die, but can’t let his world be destroyed. He lets go of Lettie’s hand, runs across the farm and beyond, and waits. The hunger birds descend on him, but something knocks him down. It’s Lettie, protecting him from the birds. They slam into her, and she wails in pain.
A voice interrupts: “On what authority do you harm my child?” (219). The voice has imperial might, but the narrator knows it’s Old Mrs. Hempstock. She accuses the hunger birds of breaking the pacts. Ginnie grabs the boy and Lettie, and holds them tightly. The boy looks up and sees Old Mrs. Hempstock, but she’s tall and blindingly bright. She threatens to have the birds removed from reality. Fearful, they apologize and start to leave, but she makes them return everything they just ate—the tree and fox and grouping of stars.
The narrator hears someone humming. It’s him, intoning a nursery rhyme, “Girls and Boys Come Out to Play”: “the moon doth shine as bright as day. / Leave your supper and leave your meat, / and join your playfellows in the street. / Come with a whoop and come with a call. / Come with a whole heart or not at all” (222).
The hunger birds are gone. The narrator realizes that Lettie sacrificed herself to save him and is close to death. Old Mrs. Hempstock, again her usual self, wearing an old, patched nightgown, says the girl won’t die—a Hempstock wouldn’t do something so “common”—but Ginnie says her daughter still needs help.
The narrator apologizes for being reckless, but Old Mrs. Hempstock says that he meant well. Ginnie carries Lettie, who’s limp as a rag doll, and they go to the pond. Ginnie walks into the water, lays Lettie on its surface, and backs away. A roaring noise erupts, and great waves crash across the pond, which now appears as an ocean. Old Mrs. Hempstock says Lettie is returning to the sea, and she’ll come back again in time. The boy asks if she’ll be the same; the old woman laughs and says everything changes all the time.
A giant wave approaches from far away and crashes down on Lettie. The narrator raises his arm, but nothing touches him. He looks and the pond has returned to its former self. Lettie is gone, and so is Old Mrs. Hempstock. Ginnie stares into the water for a moment, then says to the boy, “I’ll take you home” (228).
Ginnie drives the narrator back. He’s surprised she has a car; she says, “You can’t know everything” (229). At the boy’s house, Ginnie rings the bell, and his mother answers. Ginnie thanks her for letting the boy stay over, and says that Lettie is moving to Australia. Already, the boy can’t remember what exactly happened with Lettie; he wonders when she’ll return from Australia.
The narrator’s mother announces that Ursula had to move away on urgent family business. The boy still hates Ursula but can’t remember why. His mother asks if he’d like his bedroom back; for some reason, he refuses. He never sleeps in it again. Five years later, the family moves out and the house is demolished to make way for a housing development. Decades later, the boy’s sister says she thinks their mother fired Ursula for having an affair with their father. She remembers Ursula fondly, though.
Weeks after the narrator returns from Hempstock Farm, a black cat with blue-green eyes shows up at the house. The boy feeds her, and she takes up residence. She becomes his companion; at night, she sleeps on the pillow next to him, purring softly. For some reason he can’t quite explain, he calls her “Ocean.”
Still sitting by the pond at dusk, the middle-aged narrator remembers that he adored his cat Ocean, who lived for many years. The old woman emerges from the farmhouse with a snack for him, a cheese-and-tomato sandwich on freshly baked bread. He realizes that the old woman isn’t Ginnie but Old Mrs. Hempstock. In this moment, he realizes the two are part of the same being.
The narrator asks Old Mrs. Hempstock why he came back. She says he’s been back multiple times to visit things he has missed. He doesn’t remember these times. Ginnie appears—looking younger and smaller than the narrator remembers—and says he’s here because Lettie wants to know if he was worth her sacrifice.
Ginnie says the hunger birds “tore out your heart. You screamed so piteously as you died. She couldn’t abide that” (240). The narrator doesn’t remember dying. He wants to see Lettie, then realizes she’s already seen him, while he sat there and remembered his childhood. He asks if he passed Lettie’s test; Old Mrs. Hempstock says, “You don’t pass or fail at being a person, dear” (241-42). Still, she adds that he’s improved since his last visit and is finally growing a new heart.
The narrator walks to the pond and thanks Lettie for saving his life. Old Mrs. Hempstock says it was Lettie’s mistake for taking him with her to the farm’s magical realm. Ginnie says he needs to leave, and he realizes he’s been there for hours: His sister and her family will be wondering what happened to him.
A black cat that reminds the narrator of his childhood cat, Ocean, appears and nuzzles against him. He pets it. He says goodbye to Old Mrs. Hempstock and drives off. As the narrator leaves, he sees two moons in his rearview mirror: Old Mrs. Hempstock’s favorite full moon, and the half-moon of the human world. He turns to look, and there’s just a half-moon. He realizes something important, but it slips from his mind, “faded into the past like a memory forgotten, or a shadow into the dusk” (246).
The final chapters describe how the narrator and the Hempstocks deal with Ursula and the bigger threat that lurks behind her. Though only a child, the boy must make life-and-death decisions that even the Hempstocks can’t make for him.
In Chapter 10, the narrator dons a fresh set of clothes, but they’re at least 200 years out of style. It’s a sign that the last male Hempstocks left a long time ago; considering Lettie, Ginnie, and Old Mrs. Hempstock embody the idea of a Triple Goddess, the identities (or even the existence) of male Hempstocks remain a mystery. Lettie also mentions a previous “Ursula” who wreaked havoc during the Cromwell era. Oliver Cromwell led a revolt against the English king in the 1640s and ruled the country for many years; Lettie implies that she saw it all.
The narrator feels safe at Hempstock Farm. The female Hempstocks take care of him, feed him delicious food, and protect him from his threatening household. Though he loves his family, their dismissive incomprehension of his experiences makes them unreliable, even threatening. The boy thus finds he doesn’t fully belong in either family. He’s caught between the mundane world and the feeling that there’s a magical one beyond it, the border between these worlds as thin as a flapping sheet yet somehow an ocean away. In other words, the boy understands the Hempstocks as beyond his comprehension, but also feels a considerable distance from his blood relatives. This moment is one of many steps toward coming of age, of deciding one’s own relationships.
To protect the narrator from the hunger birds, Lettie places him inside a fairy circle. Fairy rings or circles are places where mushrooms grow: They use up the ground’s nutrients and migrate outward in search of more, thus forming a slowly expanding circle. Many European cultures attribute fairy rings to supernatural forces; in Britain and Ireland, it’s believed that fairies and elves dance there. It makes sense that the boy must seek a seemingly normal phenomenon, often framed as something supernatural, to protect himself from the supernatural birds.
When the narrator’s father comes outside and tries to convince him to eat dinner, the boy remembers how, when he was an infant, his father would place him on his knee and sing a little ditty about “Handsome George” (187). This might simply be an old folk song, but it’s the only place in the novel that hints at a possible name for the narrator. Its purpose in the story, though, is to show that the boy remembers being loved by his father, a love that’s nowhere to be found when he needs it the most. While Ursula undoubtedly influenced the boy’s father, the extent to which she did is unclear; for all the boy and the Hempstocks know, she may have preyed upon preexisting frustrations.
Early in the story, the narrator let go of Lettie’s hand to help her; later in the story, he does so again, this time to sacrifice himself and save the world. The first hand release was accidental; the second one is deliberate. In both cases, he’s trying to help. Despite his alienation from family and other children, the boy has a good heart that seeks to protect. Again, perhaps this trait explains why he immediately takes to Lettie and her family. The human world hasn’t always been kind to the boy, so he turns to the supernatural for comfort and understanding—and people worth protecting. He also connects more with his black kitten, Ocean, than other humans, likely reinforced by him having suffered the loss of his previous kitten in Chapter 1. The boy’s realization of the kitten’s true name (Ocean) calls back to Lettie’s advice about naming in Chapter 8: Lettie said the kitten would share her name when she was ready. Names hold a great deal of power in the novel, with Lettie partially besting Ursula by weaponizing her name (Skarthach of the Keep). Thus, Ocean sharing her name with the boy is a gesture of trust, a memento of his time with the Hempstocks—as well as his own courage and compassion.
In the Epilogue, Old Mrs. Hempstock says Lettie simply shouldn’t have taken the narrator with her when she tried to fix the human world’s money problem. All this time, the boy has blamed himself for all the trouble, but in fact, it was Lettie’s mistake that exacerbated matters. She went to extraordinary lengths to correct this mistake, sacrificing herself for the boy. This turn of events is interesting considering Lettie, Ginnie, and Old Mrs. Hempstock are framed as a Triple Goddess, with Lettie’s mistake technically being shared by Ginnie and Old Mrs. Hempstock—as would be the case for the family even if they weren’t supernatural beings. In other words, the Hempstocks are fixing a problem they created by letting a human get too close to dangers under their watch. It’s their duty to help him, but it’s also a task born of great compassion for humans, in that it tests the three female characters to the limit. The Epilogue thus wraps up the novel’s theme of Guilt and Responsibility.
Most of the main characters are female. The narrator, his father, and the opal miner are the only important male characters, while the Hempstocks, Ocean the cat, the narrator’s mother, and his sister are female. Even Ursula, the antagonist, takes the form of a woman. The Hempstocks allegedly have brothers, but they wandered off long ago and, as Old Mrs. Hempstock says in Chapter 9, “Nothing a man could do around this farm that I can’t do twice as fast and five times as well” (129). The Hempstocks and Ursula in particular highlight both the creative, protective power of femininity, as well as womanhood at its most destructive. The former support and protect the boy, but are no less strong for it; the latter uses her unnatural wiles to abuse the boy and seduce his father.
The narrator eventually realizes that Ginnie and Old Mrs. Hempstock are the same person in two forms. By implication, Lettie is also part of this singular being, who may be the Triple Goddess of ancient Celtic folklore. Perhaps, even Ocean the cat is a part of her. The novel thus suggests that, in the ultimate scheme of things, women hold tremendous power. To the boy, the Hempstocks were larger than life figures. However, they were also sister, mother, and grandmother—mundane roles that nonetheless play a pivotal part in his development.
For the narrator, the events that took place when he was seven seem more important than anything that happened later in his life. Old Mrs. Hempstock describes a visit he made to the farm when he was younger, married, and a father; when he realizes how late he’s stayed at the pond, he mentions his sister and her family waiting for him, but his own family goes unmentioned. Only an important death—that of a parent, wife, or child—would likely bring him back to his hometown, yet his childhood remembrances dominate any concerns about the present-day tragedy. Perhaps, this speaks to the impact of the past itself—or its ability to grant solace amid the narrator’s current problems.
Though the narrator’s adventures with the Hempstocks are fully realized at the pond, they quickly fade as he leaves. It’s as if these recollections are stored at the Hempstocks’, and he must visit the farm to remember them. Gaiman implies that worlds of magic surround us, but they’re too dangerous and incomprehensible for humans to access, except by accident. To protect themselves, people forget such encounters. As Old Mrs. Hempstock puts it, “It’s easier that way” (239).
By Neil Gaiman
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