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49 pages 1 hour read

Paul Auster

The New York Trilogy

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Book 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2: Ghosts

Book 2 Summary

Blue is a private detective in New York, working at Brown’s agency. Brown has been Blue’s teacher in the profession and is now retired. The story begins when White visits Blue and hires him to watch a man named Black; he doesn’t say why. He has rented a small apartment for Blue across the street from Black’s apartment. White asks Blue for a weekly written report.

The story starts in 1947 and continues for years. Blue says goodbye to his companion, “the future Mrs Blue” (138), and settles in the small apartment at Orange Street. He starts watching Black from the window, seeing the man writing at his desk. Blue records his observations in a notebook. Later, Blue watches Black having dinner and reading a book, Thoreau’s Walden. Days pass and Blue becomes disillusioned. Black only reads, writes, and occasionally walks around the block. Blue thinks the only way to understand is to see into Black’s mind. To occupy himself, Blue reads magazines, particularly True Detective.

Blue struggles to adjust to this new reality. Accustomed to observing “the surface of things” (145), he realizes he never considered his inner world. To make sense of the case, Blue starts inventing stories about Black and White’s relationship. Meanwhile, he continues to think of the future Mrs. Blue but feels a gradual change within himself. Finally, he records the details of the case on his typewriter.

While following Black on his walks, Blue recalls his childhood and realizes he likes Black. Black enters a bookstore and Blue follows him in and buys a copy of Walden. Later, he follows Black into a restaurant, where a woman joins him. Blue assumes they are having a tense conversation because the woman cries and Black looks sad. Finally the two leave.

Blue continues sending reports to White and receives payment from him but no further comments on the case. Disheartened, he nonetheless feels a responsibility to resolve the case. He continues following Black, becoming even more obsessed with him. Simultaneously, he starts enjoying his walks around the city.

Knowing Black’s movements in advance, Blue starts to deviate from Black’s course, watching ball games or going to bars. Mostly he goes to the movie theater and watches film noirs. The film Out of the Past remains in his mind and he thinks about the protagonist for days. He starts reading Walden but struggles to understand the book.

One day while wandering around the city, he comes across his former fiancée, who is with another man. She becomes hysterical when she sees him and the man beside her comforts her. Blue understands that he has lost his previous self. He thinks of ways to approach Black. He sends a report to White saying that Black is sick, hoping to extract information.

The next morning, Blue waits outside the post office to see the man who receives his reports. He sees a masked man retrieve the envelope from the post box and follows him, but the man escapes. He then receives a letter from White saying “No more funny business” (169). Blue thinks taking action is the way to solve the case. He wonders if White and Black have plotted against him to trap him in the case. Blue feels condemned to live vicariously through other people. He knows Black’s movements in detail but gains no insight from watching him. He suspects that Black may be White’s construction.

Months pass, and Blue decides to approach Black in disguise. He takes up “a new identity” as a man living on the city’s streets (173). When Black appears, Blue asks him for some money. The next day, Blue, still disguised, starts a conversation with Black. Black tells Blue that he looks like Walt Whitman and tells him a story about the poet’s brain. He says that famous writers have passed through the neighborhood and claims that his hobby is learning about the lives of American writers. He also tells Blue that “writing is a solitary business” (178).

Blue sends his regular report to White and receives a response asking him why he is lying. Blue is close to despair, certain that Black and White are in league against him. He follows Black into a hotel lobby and they sit at the same table. They start talking and Black claims he is a private detective. Black says that he is involved in a case watching a man who reads and writes. He hints that the man knows he is being watched.

Blue feels disillusioned and realizes that the facts offer him nothing. He disguises himself as a salesman and goes to Black’s apartment. While Black chooses a red toothbrush, Blue notices a book. Black says he is a writer.

Blue considers abandoning the case but feels compelled to pursue it. He decides to break into Black’s apartment to look for clues. He searches Black’s papers and finds his own reports.

Blue keeps to the small apartment and neglects his appearance. He now identifies himself with Black, feeling compassion for the man. He returns to Black’s building and finds the man inside the apartment. Black is wearing a mask and points a gun at him. He says that Blue was the right man for his experiment. Black needed Blue to remind him “what [he] was supposed to be doing” (196), but Black doesn’t need him anymore. Blue wants to know the story and Black says he already knows it. Blue dares him to kill him. They wrestle, and Blue leaves Black unconscious. He takes Black’s manuscripts and returns to his apartment. He reads Black’s story and realizes that he did know it all.

The story ends when Blue leaves the room. The “I” of the narrator appears again and states that Blue has left for an unknown destination.

Book 2 Analysis

The plot of Ghosts is minimal and its narrative style philosophical. The use of colors as character names underlines the symbolic and allegorical tone of the story. Unlike Quinn, Blue is a real detective. However, the story undermines the classical detective narrative, which focuses on action. Following White’s instructions, Blue must isolate himself in a room to spy on Black. The theme of The Writer as an Investigator of the Human Condition reemerges, as Blue watches Black read and write and follows him in his wanderings around New York. Blue’s goal as a detective is to observe Black’s reading and writing process to make sense of the man’s inner self. To record his thoughts and observations, Blue uses his own notebook, and he resorts to inventing stories in his attempt to understand the case.

The new case also makes Blue consider his own identity. Watching Black reading and writing, he realizes that the self is key to understanding people. As a detective, Blue has never turned inward, and his inner self remains “an unknown quantity, unexplored and therefore dark” (145). Like Quinn, Blue’s identity is fragmented, and in watching Black he also watches himself. The text further explores the theme of The Limitations of Language and Life’s Absurdity as Blue uses his imagination to interpret Black’s behavior. Blue finds solace in the possibilities that storytelling offers to make sense of life’s mysteries, but he still obsesses over “the real story” (147). At the same time, the meaningless written reports that Blue sends to White underscore writing’s limitations as a method of communication. Despite his endeavors, Blue is no closer to comprehending Black and realizes that “words do not […] work” (149).

As Blue watches Black, he begins to view him as a writer views a character, identifying with him and even correctly predicting his movements and actions. The intertextual references to the film noir Out of the Past and to Thoreau’s Walden reinforce the metafictional elements of the story and reflect its themes. Blue reaches a turning point after the chance encounter with the future Mrs. Blue. As the woman rages against him due to his disappearance, Blue realizes that his past life is gone. Blue’s main goal is to make sense of Black’s behavior and find a solution to the case’s mystery. Trying to extract facts from White, he again turns to his imagination by fictionalizing his reports, saying that Black seems sick. White’s identity also becomes ambiguous when Blue sees a masked man receiving his reports.

The theme of the writer as an investigator of the human condition emerges through Blue’s solitude. He feels trapped into the case, a mystery with “no story, no plot, no action” (172). The case parallels the loneliness of the writer’s life as Blue watches Black. Blue often feels as though he is reading a book, “condemned to […] seeing the world only through words” as he attempts to decipher the meaning of Black’s actions (171). Despite having studied the facts about Black, the man remains inaccessible.

Like Quinn, Blue meets the object of his pursuit by assuming a different identity. Their conversations gesture to the theme of the writer as an investigator of the human condition, as Black talks about famous writers, characterizing them as “ghosts.” Black alludes to the case by saying that a writer’s life makes no sense, for “a writer has no life of his own” (178).

Blue feels disillusioned and misled by the facts when he realizes that Black and White are the same person. The theme of the limitations of language and life’s absurdity becomes crucial when Blue enters Black’s apartment. When he finds his own reports among Black’s papers, he grows more alienated from reality, as his own accounts of the case offer nothing enlightening to him. His growing connection to the case isolates him and he partakes in Black’s solitude, identifying himself with him: “To enter Black […] was the equivalent of entering himself” (192). Desperate and despairing, Blue thinks his only hope of understanding the mysterious story is reading Black’s book. On their final meeting, Black expresses his own despair, alluding to limitations of language and the self’s inaccessibility. He declares: “I’m in my mind, too much in my mind. It’s used me up” (195). Ultimately, Blue and Black reach a common point in their internal conflict, as they both struggle to decipher human behavior.

When Blue knocks Black down and takes his book with him, he hopes to finally uncover the mystery. As in City of Glass, the theme of Storytelling as an Endless Struggle recurs toward the end, when Blue realizes he already “knew [the story] by heart” (197). The text hints at Blue’s escape toward the unknown, leaving the mystery unsolved and the story open-ended.

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