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98 pages 3 hours read

Neal Bascomb

The Nazi Hunters

Nonfiction | Book | YA | Published in 2013

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Chapters 10-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

Final preparations for Eichmann’s capture include both largeand small details. In addition to picking alternate safehouses, details regarding the departure from Buenos Aires on El Al has to be worked out. Eichmann can’t be brought through the regular terminal; consequently, El Al's entire aircraft, maintenance crew, and support staff have to be moved to a suitable location. This is typical of the last-minute details that consume the team's preparation. At the safehouse, Shalom Dani arduously begins working on the forged documents the team will require.

Beyond this, physical rehearsals are conducted, with one of the team playing the Eichmannas the others rushed him, spiriting him into a waiting car. Malkin and Tabor conduct the actual "snatch," honing the entire capture down to ten or twelve seconds. The plan for the snatch is as follows: positioning their getaway car on Route 202, the car will flash its lights, in order to disorient Eichmann. Another car will be stationed on Garibaldi street, in Eichmann's path. Malkin will say something to Eichmann in Spanish, in order to get his attention. At this moment, Tabor and Eitan will tackle Eichmann, forcing him into the second car.

However, doubts remain about one of the safehouses, nicknamed Doron.The gardener and caretaker have grown suspicious due to all of the recent activity. Doron is where the team has planned to bring Eichmann once the snatch is complete, and suspicion on the part of the groundskeepers is now a problem. A new safehouse is chosen and prepared, but this new complication forces the team to postpone the capture by a day.

Chapter 11 Summary

May 11th begins with nervousness and impatience. The team does their best to prepare themselves. Peter Malkin thinks of his sister, Fruma, promising himself he will capture Eichmann on her behalf. Calling the team together, Etian offers no rousing speech and goes over the particulars of the plan one last time. For Eichmann, the day begins and proceeds without incident: he gets up, shaves, eatsbreakfast, and goes to his job at the Mercedes-Benz plant. Absolutely no part of his routine is disturbed in the slightest, until his trip home.

The team has taken its positions on Route 203 and Garibaldi street, awaiting Eichmann's bus. The bus comes late, adding to the collective worry. It isn't until after 8 PM that Eichmann steps off his bus and begins walking down Garibaldi Street. Malkin steps into his path, delivering the prepared phrase "Un momentito, señor." Astonishingly, Eichmann seems to immediately guess what is happening, but Malkin grabs him, assisted by Tabor. After a few moments of frenzied kicking and screaming, he goes silent, and the agents force him into the waiting car. They drive to the new safehouse, "Tira,"threatening Eichmann that if he resists, he will be shot. This however, is a bluff; none of the agents have firearms of any kind. Furthermore, they are not even entirely sure it is Eichmann, such is the confusion and darkness. Only when Eichmann is questioned will the doubts disappear.

Chapter 12 Summary

As soon as Eichmann is secured, Dr. Elian provides him with a full medical examination, to ensure his health. Once this is complete, Zvi Aharoni begins his interrogation. Aharoni is famed in the Shin Bet for his skills as an interrogator, skills which never rely upon physical abuse. He asks Eichmann an exhausting litany of questions. Some of these questions are important, others not; however, they are organized in such a way that the details collectively provide a full picture, make it difficult for Eichmann to lie. This difficulty is increased by Eichmann's disoriented state.

Aharoni begins by asking Eichmann a number of easy questions: his date of birth, his shoe size, his age, his former name—questions to wear him down. Aharonithen mixes in more substantive questions: such as his SS identification number and his last post during the war. Aharoni has memorized Eichmann's entire file, and Eichmann is notable to guess which information is critical and whichis not. In the end, matching the identification numbers is what proves "Ricardo Klement" is actually Adolf Eichmann; it is information no one else could conceivably know.

It proves difficult for Aharoni to conduct the interrogationprofessionally: at one point, Eichmann mentions he knows Hebrew, reciting the Sh'ma, a Hebrew prayer. This is too much for Aharoni and the others, who know that this was likely said by the millions Eichmann sent to their death. They pause to collect themselves, then press on. Towards the end of the interview, Aharoni requests of Eichmann that he stand trial in Israel for his crimes. Eichmann refuses, responding that he has committed no crimes, and was instead "following orders". This will become characteristic of Eichmann's later defense. On top of this however, Eichmann insists that it is wrong for him to be tried in Israel, since, as a German citizen, he has had "nothing to do" with Israel. Aharoni is taken aback by this defense and insists that Israel alone will give him a fair trial.

Chapters 10-12 Analysis

These chapters detail the final modifications to the plan, and its initial execution. Each of the steps focus on a particular obstacle or contingency: the location of the El Al airplane, the forged documents, the vehicles, disguises, and safehouses. These elements illustrate the depth of planning and sophistication characteristic of a high-priority, clandestine operation. Each of the agents' special skills comes into play, demonstrating the high degree of cohesion among the team members. Shortly before the planned operation, Isser Harel comes to Argentina to supervise the final stages of the operation. The night before, when they meet one last time, he tells them of the significance of bringing Eichmann back to Jerusalem, alive—that the Jews may have the chance, for the first time in history, the judge their persecutors. This may be considered unprofessional, yet is necessary for this mission. While each of the agents depend on one anotherwith their lives, it is as important that the"why" for this mission be communicated—that is, what justifies the extra risk. In this sense, Isser Harel is relaying the directive straight from Prime Minister Ben-Gurion: this mission is more than clandestine espionage; it is a chance to retroactively do justice. For veteran intelligence agents, this represents an idealism made real and visceral by their own nearness to the Holocaust. Most of the members of the team have lost a family member to the Nazis, and all know those who were affected. To this end, this mission is a reminder not only of their jobs in the service of Israel, but to the meaning of Israel itself.

The agents capture Eichmann, and he is not at all what they expect. Their image of the fugitive war criminal does not match the impressive persona from their recollections and dossiers. They cannot understand how this pathetic, unremarkable person could have been responsible for so much death and misery; it shakes their conviction that Eichmann is a monster, and not just a man. After the initial elation, the agents quickly become depressed and lethargic.

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