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76 pages 2 hours read

Kim Edwards

The Memory Keeper's Daughter

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “1977”

Part 4, Chapter 11 Summary: “July 1977”

On a family trip to Aruba that Norah won from her work, David photographs Norah at the beach. Norah watches Paul running as she tries to remain still. Norah complains, but David urges her to keep still, and Norah contemplates the early days in their marriage. She thinks about how she took over the travel agency where she started working. Norah asks David about why he’s trying to make her disappear into the landscape, and he talks about perspective and expectations:“He spoke of photography as he had spoken once of medicine, of their marriage” (175). She thinks about how they don’t talk anymore, and how this vacation is meant to bring them closer together, but they spend their time in silence nevertheless.

A stranger, Howard,comes up to them and begins talking to David about photography while staring intensely at Norah. Howard compliments Norah, blatantly flirting with her, and David seems to regard her in a new light. Norah talks about David’s other photographs, and David invites Howard for lunch. Howard says that he has a meeting and declines, but the men discuss Paul’s athletic ability. David laments Paul’s disinterest in basketball, much to the chagrin of Norah, who knows that “if he wanted Paul to play, he ought to forbid it instead” (177). Howard compliments Paul’s running, and Norah invites him and his family to dinner. Howard confesses he is in the process of getting divorced. David repeats the invitation, and they talk more while Norah thinks about Howard and contemplates David’s obsession with photography. They have lunch, and she thinks more about Howard, imagining Bree’s urging for her to seize the moment. She watches David sleep and drifts off herself, thinking of his relationship with Paul.

Norah wakes to start readying dinner and Howard arrives. He talks to David and Paul,and she goes out to greet them. Their eyes meet,but David ruins it.They talk about shallow things as they eat dinner, David and Howard finding similarity in photography and painting. She thinks about how separate she and David are, and Howard talks about his time in Vietnam. Paul goes up to his room to play guitar, as he has an important concert when they return from vacation that he must practice for. Norah thinks about how he wants to go to Julliard, but David dismisses music as a career choice:“Paul's note fell through the air, winged and graceful but each one a little cut, too, the point of a knife piercing flesh” (181). Norah listens to David and Howard talk about photography, realizing David knows nothing about her. 

She pours herself wine and starts in on the dishes. She takes out the trash,and David apologies for not helping, touching her back in a way that almost makes Norah flinch. They all talk,and Howard starts touching her thigh,putting his hand in her pocket and then touching her stomach. After he leaves, David talks about how much he likes him. And Norah agrees.The next morning, David and Paul go fishing,and Norah goes to Howard’s cottage. Howard shows her his camera obscura and asks to draw her. Norah goes out onto the sand, remembering “how they had talked about her later, David and Howard, not as a flesh-and-blood woman in the room but rather as an image, a form” (185). Norah strips off all her clothes and Howard stares at her. She freezes and goes to put back on her clothes, but Howard stops her, bringing her into the cottage. They have sex with the window open:“He was with her like a fever, a compulsion, an open door into her own possibilities, into what she believed was freedom” (187). She goes back to Howard, day after day, dismissing David’s comments about her walks and the letter and photo she finds from Howard’s wife in his pocket:“In real life, this photo would have cut, swift and sure, but here she felt nothing” (188).

Part 4, Chapter 12 Summary: “August 1977”

After an emergency at the hospital, David is late to Paul’s concert, which Norah rebukes him for. David remembers traveling with Norah at first when she organized trips through the travel agency, then watching and marveling as she became more independent. He thinks of how she cheated on him in Aruba. They argue more until another set of parents behind them ask them to be quiet. David remembers seeing Norah’s clothes discarded on the beach outside Howard’s cottage after he and Paul came back from their canceled fishing trip:“David suspected that Paul had seen them too” (191). David remembers Paul being moody when he came back early from his run, which wasn’t unusual because Paul is a moody teenager. David remembers going for a walk and happening upon Norah's clothes, at which he feels both anger and guilt because he gave Phoebe away and built a rock wall between himself and his family.

Paul walks out onstage, and David is surprised at how much of an adult he has become. Paul plays “Estudio” and “Estudio Sin Luz,” which David remembers spilling out from their Aruba cottage as Paul practiced. David thinks of his sister: “A deep sense of loss rose up in him, so forceful, woven of so many memories” (195). Norah and David talk about Paul wanting to attend Julliard, which Norah supports but David is worried he’ll get hurt or will be poor. They find Paul after the concert, who admits he was nervous but that his instructor asked him to play an arts festival. Norah compliments Paul who mocks her, and David stands up for her. Norah suggests they invite people over to celebrate, but Paul just wants to go home and goes directly to his room. David goes upstairs to talk to him and thinks about how giving up Phoebe was a mistake, but Paul escapes out the window. 

David informs Norah, and they discuss where Paul might be and that he’s not okay. David alludes to Norah’s infidelity but says that it’s his fault. David drives around and finds Paul, talking about how impressed he was at his performance but how he wants Paul to keep options for his future open because Paul needs to make a living. Paul talks about how joyless his parents’ relationship is and about how David doesn’t care about Norah cheating on him with Howard, which David refutes. Paul talks about how music makes him feel alive and how David is impressing his failed dreams upon Paul. David takes Paul into his darkroom, showing him a picture of a heart that he has rendered to look like a tree and telling him: “Photography is all about secrets”(201). Paul says that music is being in tune with the world’s secrets and leaves angrily to go play guitar in his bedroom.

David thinks about secrets and his mysterious wife, then goes to the mini-fridge to pull out money he sends for Phoebe. This time, he writes a letter to Caroline about his hopes for Phoebe. He asks Caroline if he can meet her, suggesting that Paul should meet her as well. He looks through the photos from Aruba, finding one of Howard and Norah at the dinner party the night before she cheated. He contemplates how his family members’ lives have been “constantly shaped by the gravity of the choice he’d made so many years ago” (203), leaving the photograph out in the elements to darken until it becomes completely black.

Part 4, Chapter 13 Summary

Paul and Duke walk along the railroad tracks. When they hear a train coming, they stand there, jumping only just before the train hits them. Paul thinks about how his mother doesn’t like him hanging out with Duke but decides “what she didn’t see wouldn’t hurt her. What she didn’t know” (206). Paul remembers their trip to Aruba and how his dad used fishing to connect with him. But he also remembers finding his mother’s clothes—specifically her flamingo shirt—on the beach outside Howard’s cottage. Paul remembers realizing that his family’s secrets and tension was not normal when he started hanging out with Duke, whose parents are involved in his life even though they are comparatively poor. 

He and Duke discuss what to do while Paul thinks of images. Duke pulls out some weed, and they decide to go to Paul’s house to smoke. He laughs as he thinks about smoking on his parents’ sofa but decides they should smoke outside instead. Paul gets really high, and they go back inside to eat food and order pizza. Paul starts playing his guitar and Duke plays the piano. They are so high they don’t notice when the pizza delivery guy comes. They eat the pizza and Paul thinks about his father. His mom calls to say she’ll be home late, annoyed when she finds out David isn’t home yet even though he promised he would be. Paul asks if the people she’s with like flamingos, confusing her, but then she hangs up. Paul drinks a bunch of milk, then asks Duke if they can get any more pot. Duke calls his connect, and Paul remembers drawing his family as a child with Phoebe, and how his mom took him to her grave once. He feels like it is his fault that his parents’ marriage is failing:“He was alive, after all. He was here. So surely it was his job to protect them” (213).

Paul and Duke go into David’s darkroom, and Duke is impressed at David’s photography. Paul takes some of the money David keeps for Phoebe, which Paul found when he was looking through his father’s darkroom one day after David forgot his promise to teach Paul about photography equipment. He thinks about watching his father develop film from their Aruba trip, and how sad he looked for a moment before he composed himself. Duke’s friends show up, and the group sit around smoking.Paul gets too high and starts getting paranoid, worried his dad will show up at any minute. The others start going through Paul’s dad’s photographs, scattering them all over the floor:“Don’t: it was a scream inside his head, yet nothing came out of his mouth” (216). A bottle breaks, and Paul refuses to move from the corner. The others leave,and Paul looks at the mess. He is too tired to do anything, so he falls asleep.

David comes home early in the morning to find Paul asleep in his studio amidst a mess of ruined photographs. David is furious and demands to know what happened. Paul gives evasive answers, trying not to cry. David asks if he is responsible for ruining David’s work, and Paul replies that he didn’t stop them. David says that Paul will have to skip rehearsals until all David’s work is reconstructed, and Paul says he’s just trying to get him to stop playing music. David picks up a photograph and talks briefly about his family growing up, mentioning that June died young. David talks about growing up poor, and how he wanted to make sure Paul never lacked for anything. Paul apologizes, saying he’ll clean everything but refuses to give up music. David acknowledges his apology and leaves. Paul starts cleaning, thinking about his father.

Part 4, Chapter 14 Summary: “September 1977”

Caroline photographs Phoebe at her confirmation, who is incredibly excited and goes to hug Sandra’s son, Tim. She remembers that she got in trouble for hugging earlier that year, but Caroline reassures her. Phoebe gets distracted by a kitten, and Caroline looks at the party and the cake: “three layers, for three celebrations: Phoebe’s confirmation, her own wedding anniversary, and Doro’s retirement, a bon voyage” (222). They enjoy the party and the company of their friends, neighbors, and other members of the Upside Down Society. Caroline thinks about her marriage to Al when he sneaks up behind her to kiss her. She thinks about how Doro gave Caroline the deed to the house, which she has not told Al yet. 

Doro arrives with her lover, Trace, with whom she is going on a year-long cruise.They all joke about Doro being a wind goddess. Phoebe asks if she can keep a kitten and then suggests that she is going with Doro on her trip. Caroline reflects on how much her life has changed since she moved to Pittsburgh. Caroline feels incredibly happy. After the party, Doro helps clean up, admitting that she is excited but also feels strange to leave her house. They sit on the porch and talk for a bit; Doro reminisces about growing up when the street was quieter. Doro confesses to feeling free,and they talk about how they saved each other's lives. Doro and Trace leave.

Al and Caroline exchange anniversary gifts: Al carved a wooden heart for Caroline, and Caroline gives him the key to the house. Al is hesitant to be tied down to a singular location, suggesting that they wander to world together. Caroline resists this: “I’m happy right where I am. You’ll get bored of me” (228). Al refutes this. They talk about Phoebe’s maturation. They talk more about traveling, and Caroline agrees to come on a few trips with him, although she maintains that Phoebe does not like change. 

Caroline talks to Al about a strange letter she received from Phoebe’s father, which talks about Paul and David meeting Phoebe. Al bristles at the idea that he is not Phoebe’s father. Caroline confesses the truth about how she obtained Phoebe, which she had not told Al before. Al reassures her that she did the right thing. Caroline worries that David might take Phoebe away, but Al says he’ll support whatever decision she makes regarding David.

It rains the next day, and Phoebe says she wants a cat after Caroline reprimands her for not using full sentences. Phoebe persists, and Caroline eventually gets frustrated with her and loses her patience:“It wasn’t about Phoebe. It was just that Caroline didn’t know how to answer David Henry, and she was afraid” (133). She begins writing a letter to David expressing her concerns and thinks about the $15,000 she has saved up in a trust for Phoebe over the years. She worries about what David will do if she agrees to let him see Phoebe and pushes the letter aside.

She goes on the porch to look for Phoebe, who has vanished. She goes out to look for her, finding neighborhood children who tell her that Phoebe went to rescue a cat. She finds Phoebe cuddling the kitten inside a drainage pipe with water gushing all around her. Phoebe won’t leave until Caroline acquiesces to allowing her to keep the kitten. She thinks about the unfinished letter to David on the table:“She had stood at the back door watching the rain, thinking only of Phoebe’s father, while Phoebe wandered into danger. It seemed like an omen” (236). Caroline decides she won’t write to David anymore.

Part 4 Analysis

After Norah’s epiphany in the last section, this section demonstrates her growing agency as she uses her job to break free. She uses work to free herself from the constriction David places upon their marriage and searches for love—or rather, for human connection—elsewhere in her affair with Howard. In this way, Norah uses men in order to pursue freedom, as though she does not have the agency to do it herself. However, the audience also sees the detriment that Norah’s agency has within the family, as she alienates herself from Paul. Paul seems to be an innocent in all of this; however, he is negatively affected by his mother’s pursuit of happiness and freedom. It seems as though he grows up fairly alone, as though the weight of his mother’s grief has been passed onto him. In this way, men seem to exist as both the method by which women gain autonomy as well as the victims of female autonomy, suggesting the author’s fairly conservative viewpoint about the nature of family relations.

Similarly, much of this section revolves around the male gaze. The audience sees the way that David perceived Norah as an aspect of the landscape, something or some object whose essence and secrets can be captured through photography. However, David’s perception of Norah seems to differ after he sees Howard blatantly flirt with her, even though he does not seem to register their flirtation until he sees Norah’s clothes on the beach and develops the film from their vacation. Norah herself is entirely focused on how the men in her life perceive her, as though she only exists as a reflection in their eyes. She does not seem to have an identity separate from the male gaze, which is so intrusive that it informs the way in which she sees herself. This emphasis on the male gaze is reiterated in the first chapter the audience receives from Paul’s point of view, as though emphasizing the importance of the male gaze. Through Paul's chapter, the audience sees the effect of his parent’s relationship on his emotional well being as well as his normalization of his family’s dysfunction.

However, nowhere is the male gaze as tangible as in David’s obsession with photography. David’s photographs are also inherently linked to secrets, suggesting perhaps the secretive nature of the male gaze itself. Photographs seem to be exclusively related to male perception or male secrecy as well, as evidenced by Norah’s finding that Howard is not getting divorced as he has claimed. She realizes this when she finds the photograph of his smiling family while simultaneously realizing that she does not care. Similarly, David tries to capture the universe of secrets hidden inside every person through his photography, linking pictures and secrecy to the male gaze. However, Paul rejects this emphasis on secrecy as he wants the openness and transparency that he believes music reflects. In this way, Paul seems to use the male gaze in order to reject his father’s perception of it, demonstrating a rift between intergenerational perceptions.

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