logo

18 pages 36 minutes read

Judith Ortiz Cofer

The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica

Fiction | Poem | YA | Published in 1993

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Symbols & Motifs

The Woman

The poem’s deli owner symbolizes home, divine power, and poetic inspiration. This singular woman and her store offer a safe haven for customers from Latin American countries. They find familiar products, their mother tongue, and a communal environment at her deli. The woman herself is also “a family portrait” (Line 19), a figure of the customers’ past in their native countries.

Cofer calls the woman “the Patroness of Exiles” (Line 7) and portrays her with almost religious reverence. It’s no accident that the second image in the poem is the “plastic Mother and Child magnetized” (Line 2). Like the Virgin Mary, the woman is a saint, perhaps even divine. She “preside[s]” (Line 1) as a peaceful authority. She listens to her customers as if they are praying to her about “their dreams and their disillusions” (Line 23). She encounters people “whose needs she must divine, conjuring up products […]” (Line 36). This language reinforces the supernatural aura around the deli owner and her power to minister to her community. If the woman is a saint, the store is her cathedral.

Moreover, the woman is a muse figure and an artist in her own right. The immigrants who visit her store stay and talk, weaving language together about their hopes and what they’ve lost. They are the poets, and she is their muse, encouraging them to continue speaking with her “understanding” (Line 24) smile and “look of maternal interest” (Line 21) as she listens. The deli is also a work of poetry itself, with the disparate elements coming together to remind customers of their homes.

Deli Products

From coffee to dried cod to meringues, the items in “The Latin Deli” provide texture and great meaning to the poem. The foods, with their specific sensory details, invite readers into the store and help them envision the smells, tastes, textures, and sights on offer there. Taken together, all are symbols of customers’ homelands. The proprietor carries the products her customers know from their native countries: for example, the Bustelo coffee that’s more expensive in the United States than it is elsewhere.

Similarly, the “jamón y queso” (Line 30) sandwich may be indistinguishable from the one at the A&P grocery store—other than its higher cost—but the customers would rather buy it from the motherly figure at the deli than at an impersonal American chain. The owner keeps “canned memories” (Line 9) stocked, drawing people back in to pronounce familiar brand names “as if / they were the names of lost lovers” (Lines 26-27). She answers customers’ deep homesickness with these items, helping them cope with life in another country.

Spanish Language

Inside the Latin deli is “the comfort / of spoken Spanish” (Lines 18-19). Similarly, Cofer punctuates her poetic lines with Spanish words and phrases to mimic the speech of deli patrons. She references “Mexicans who pass through, talking lyrically / of dólares to be made in El Norte—” (Lines 16-17). Patrons also speak the names of deli products like “Suspiros, / Merengues” (Lines 27-28). Suspiros are a brand of candy, and the word suspiro means “sigh” in Spanish—another gesture to homesickness and grief. Cofer includes the Spanish name for ham and cheese sandwiches, “jamón y queso” (Line 30), as well. These excerpted conversations portray customers’ use of their mother tongue, a symbol of lost home and a powerful poetic instrument.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text