69 pages • 2 hours read
Elif ShafakA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Ada, Kostas, and Meryam celebrate New Year’s Eve together with a delicious home-cooked dinner by Meryam. Meryam begins packing the next day, promising Ada that she is welcome to call Meryam for advice on anything at all after she is gone. Ada asks Meryam to do the interview for her history homework, and Meryam sits down for it right away after brewing them each a cup of tea. She tells Ada about her childhood, divided into happy and unhappy on either side of when the conflict in Cyprus began. As Meryam talks about the troubles of the latter times, Ada expresses her understanding for why the older generation may have opposed her parents’ marriage; however, she cannot understand why her parents refused to talk about their past even after moving to England. To this, Meryam has no answer.
Nine months after Ada is born, Defne begins working for the CMP again interviewing Greek and Turkish Cypriot immigrant families in London. Through these conversations, she notices how the oldest generation hangs on to their pain, the second tries to suppress the past completely, and the third is the most curious to learn more about it: “It was the youngest who seemed to have the oldest memory” (315). On one occasion, Defne visits a family along with another CMP colleague, and they are both treated extremely rudely by the son of an older survivor. Shaken, Defne and her colleague stop at a pub to get a drink—it is Defne’s first drink since her pregnancy, and as she sips it, she immediately feels a sense of relief. Defne gets home late that night and makes Kostas promise not to tell Ada about their past, as she does not want her daughter burdened by their pain. Kostas reluctantly agrees, even as he smells the alcohol on Defne’s breath and begins to worry.
The day before she is set to leave, Meryam inundates Ada with a barrage of domestic tips in a bid to be helpful, such as how to clean various surfaces. Meryam and Ada also discuss boys and sex, and Meryam warns Ada to stay away from boys at her age, as “right now they think of only one thing” (320). Ada argues that women and men desire sex equally, quoting examples from nature and asserting that Meryam is being unfair to women by asking them to sacrifice for and accommodate everyone else’s wishes. Meryam, however, believes that the rules for women among humans are different, especially if one does not want to end up old and alone like she has. Ada senses that her argument is threatening her aunt’s worldview, so, not wanting to unsettle her, she goes back to asking for more domestic tips.
Kostas works in his study, enjoying the peace after the storm and anticipating the arrival of spring soon, when he can unearth the fig tree again. Trees have always provided him with solace, though his feelings were always mixed with a sense of guilt about how he did not pay attention to human suffering above that of other creatures. However, Kostas truly believes that there should be no hierarchy of pain or rights between humans and other creatures. Although Defne disagreed with him, she had come to understand and respect his perspective over time.
Kostas remembers receiving the news of Defne’s death. He had been on a research trip in Australia that week, studying whether trees whose ancestors have experienced the trauma of fires responded differently when faced with that specific danger themselves. He had discovered that such arboreal descendants were, in fact, swifter to react to danger, indicating that trees may have some kind of memory that they pass on to their offspring. He tried to call both Ada and Defne, excited to share his findings, but they had been unreachable; later that night, however, a sobbing Ada had called him, and he immediately took the next flight to London. Kostas recognizes that he has been withdrawn this past year, and he is worried he has been failing Ada; though once very close, they have grown distant of late. He goes up to Ada’s room to announce that he has completed the book he has been working on and asks her to read it and tell him what she thinks.
Ada and Kostas discuss one of his theories about people and trees: the possibility of deducing a person’s character based on what they first notice about a tree. According to Kostas, people who notice the trunk first are those who seek order and stability; those who notice the branches desire freedom; those drawn to the roots need the security of culture and traditions. Kostas, Defne, and Meryam represent each of these groups respectively while Kostas believes that Ada’s curiosity sets her apart as someone who looks to connect all these parts of the tree.
The fig tree describes how there are different trees one can approach for every occasion: a golden oak to share something precious with, a sugar maple to express hurt and loneliness, a magnolia to dream about the future, a jacaranda or mimosa for inspiration, and so on. However, she believes that if one is looking for or has lost love, one must always come to a fig tree.
The evening after Meryam leaves, Ada asks Kostas to make her toasties like he used to. As Kostas cooks, Ada tells him that she does not mind if he chooses to remarry at some point. They talk about Defne’s death, and Ada recounts how the day Defne died she had stayed in her room the whole morning; Ada had not checked on her, not wanting to disturb her in case she was having one of her habitual withdrawn moods. Later in the afternoon when Ada checked on her, she found Defne lying unconscious on the carpet.
Ada feels angry and betrayed that her mother died the way she did—even though the coroner ruled Defne’s overdose as not a suicide, Ada believes that Defne’s behavior was a selfish choice that showed she did not care enough about Ada or Kostas. However, Kostas describes a phenomena called girdling that sometimes occurs with trees where a tree’s roots can encircle the base of its trunk underground and cut off its water and nutrient supply. He likens this to Defne’s condition: “She was blooming and thriving with your love, and […] mine, too, but underneath, something was strangling her—the past, the memories, the roots” (334).
On the first school day of the new year, Kostas drives an anxious Ada to school. He attempts to bolster her confidence by telling her about how blue jays imitate the call of hawks to scare off its enemies and feel braver, and though not entirely convinced, Ada thanks her father. On the way to the classroom, Ada is approached by Zafaar, a classmate of hers she has a crush on, who apologizes for having laughed at her during the incident, blushing throughout the conversation. Later, another classmate tells Ada that Zafaar has told some people he has a crush on a girl in their class, and Ada believes there’s a chance it could be her. When Mrs. Walcott comes in to collect everyone’s history homework, Ada turns hers in proudly. Meryam calls Ada later that evening and Ada tells her that her return to school went fine. Kostas has promised Ada to take her to Cyprus soon, and when Meryam asks her which side she will visit first, Ada responds, “I’ll come to the island […] I just want to meet islanders, like myself” (339).
Accompanied by illustrations, this chapter details the seven steps involved in unburying a fig tree when spring arrives, including locating and unearthing it, inspecting it for damage, standing it upright and packing soil tight around it, and finally welcoming it back with loving words.
The fig tree can feel the winter waning and spring approaching. As the story comes to a close, she warns the reader that she has not been an impartial narrator, and it is revealed that Defne has been narrating all along. Not yet ready to leave Ada and Kostas after her death, Defne’s spirit chose to settle in the fig tree to be close to her family; it is upon this metamorphosis that the fig tree suddenly found herself in love with Kostas. Defne likens herself to her mythological namesake, Daphne, who turned into a laurel tree when she rejected Apollo’s love; in contrast to her Greek counterpart, however, Defne “transmuted into a tree in order to hold on to love” (343). Now, she waits for her beloved Kostas to dig her up and pull her into his arms again when spring arrives once more.
The final section of the book is titled “How to Unbury a Fig Tree,” indicating the impending arrival of spring in these chapters both literally and metaphorically; healing, new beginnings, and better times lie ahead for Ada and her family, including the tree. This also represents how the story has unburied all the family history—the struggles and the happiness—that had previously been hidden from Ada as well as the true identity of the spirit in the tree. The tree represents the past, the present, and the future of the family and its connection to Cyprus and one another.
A part of this happens through Ada’s interview of Meryam, where the latter tells Ada about her childhood in Cyprus and as much as she knows about Kostas’s and Defne’s pasts. This helps Ada process and heal her own frustration and the sense of loneliness that has dogged for her so many years, and this partial resolution regarding her identity is seen in the pride with which Ada hands in her history homework when school reopens after the break. That Ada is in a better place is also reaffirmed by Ada’s own confession to Meryam on the phone that her return to school went fine.
Along with Meryam’s recollections, the story also reveals more about what Defne’s life looked like upon migrating to London and becoming a mother. Defne’s continued work with the CMP repeatedly brings her face to face with the trauma and painful memories experienced by so many other migrants like her. Unable to suppress her own painful memories in the face of this constant confrontation, Defne attempts to drown her pain in alcohol. The details surrounding her death are revealed, with Ada describing how she found an unconscious Defne, who had slipped into a coma owing to an insinuated overdose while Kostas was away on a work trip.
Defne never recovered from the coma, leaving Ada angry and bitter because she believes Defne’s death was a result of her own seemingly selfish actions. Upon finally discussing Defne’s death for the first time, Kostas helps Ada see that it wasn’t that Defne didn’t love her family or feel fulfilled by their love. With a fitting, tree-related analogy, Kostas describes the phenomenon of girdling, likening it to how despite receiving everything she needed to thrive form her environment—family, love, a fresh start—Defne’s roots, i.e., her memories of the past, were strangling her from within.
This conversation between Kostas and Ada also marks the beginning of their own reconciliation after having grown distant after Defne’s death. Thus, in addition to forging a new relationship with her aunt, Ada is also able make peace with the memories of her mother as well as repair the existing bond with her father. Kostas even gives her some well-meaning advice when she returns to school, using the example of blue jays imitating the hawk to bolster Ada’s confidence; in this manner, symbolism involving birds also appears one last time.
The final revelation of the book features the recurring symbol and character of the fig tree: Defne’s spirit has chosen to reside in the tree upon her passing, and her lens and voice have been influencing the tree’s retelling of the story this entire time. In keeping with the theme of Nature and the Interconnectedness of Life, Defne remains connected to her family even after her death; thus, the tree ensures that Defne’s death is not an ending after all, and her presence in her family’s life remains perennial.
By Elif Shafak
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