50 pages • 1 hour read
Robin McKinleyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: The source text uses misogynistic and ableist language, which is replicated in this guide only in direct quotes of the source material.
Aerin, the first sol (or female heir) of the kingdom of Damar, thinks about her mother, who was rumored to have died of despair after realizing that her child was a girl. Aerin wonders who told her this story, for she knows that those who love her, like her father, Arlbeth, and those who respect her, like the house servants (hafor), would never have done so. She suspects that her rival in court, the second sol Galanna, might have told her the story, or it might have been Galanna’s husband, the second sola, Perlith. However, Aerin suspects that neither of them would want to spend enough time with her to tell her the story at all.
Aerin has not seen her father, Arlbeth, or her best friend, Tor, the first sola and heir to the throne, in many weeks. They are trying to subdue a rebellion in the West, a conflict that has probably been provoked by demonic interference from the North. The chief of the council there, Nyrlol, wants to secede from the Damarian kingdom, so the royal house of Damar is riding out to confront him with violence if necessary. Aerin wishes to ride with them, but she knows that women are not allowed to do so unless they have courtly graces for social situations, and her situation at court is already tense due to her mother’s rumored status as a witch.
Despite these limitations, Aerin asks her father if she can ride with him, even though she knows that he will refuse her. Perlith laughs at her and insults her until Tor tries to threaten him and is restrained by Arlbeth. Perlith leaves the room mockingly, and Aerin escapes soon after without waiting for her father to reject her.
Aerin sulks in her room until her servant and surrogate mother figure, Teka, brings her a meal that she had forgotten to eat. Teka reminds her that her horse, Talat, missed her. Aerin watches the soldiers bustling around outside her window and contemplates her lack of a Gift—the small magical powers granted to people of royal blood. This magic enabled Tor to mend the plates that she broke as a child, but now Aerin is an adult and still has no trace of power in her, so she uses common earthenware plates to ensure she doesn’t break the royal dishes she cannot mend by herself. Galanna once insulted Aerin for breaking a royal plate, and Aerin fought her physically until forced apart from her. Now, she reflects that “Life had been easier when her ultimate goal had been murdering Galanna with her bare hands” (14).
Aerin asks Teka about her mother; Teka speaks only respectfully of her but tells Aerin that she was small, frail, and dying even before childbirth killed her. Aerin asks if her mother bewitched her father, and Teka says that they were in love, which is enough of a spell to count. Teka also asserts that more people liked her mother than Aerin believes. Aerin wonders why she cannot ride into battle when Damar’s mythology celebrates the goddess Aerinha, who taught men how to forge swords. Aerin bitterly reflects that if she is good enough with weapons to kill dragons, she should be able to ride to war. Teka talks her down kindly and leaves her for the evening. Aerin sneaks down to the stables to visit her horse, Talat. Talat was once her father’s warhorse and is as old as Aerin is; his coat is entirely white from age. As Aerin brushes him, her mood evens out.
The narrative shifts back in time to describe Aerin’s youth and position within her family. In Aerin’s youth, she loves Talat. Talat, however, is grievously injured in battle when Aerin is 12. Talat remains standing after the battle even though the muscles in one leg have been nearly severed. Although he eventually heals, he is permanently disabled and is retired to a pasture, where he languishes. He is too weak to sire foals and becomes cruel and aggressive toward both people and other horses.
When Aerin is 15, she gets into a fight with Galanna that ends with Galanna daring her to eat leaves from the surka tree, which is reportedly poisonous to all who lack royal blood and dangerous even to those with the Gift. Galanna has hated Aerin since her birth because Aerin’s status as the youngest in the royal household disrupts Galanna’s place as the center of attention. Aerin accepts Galanna’s dare and stuffs a handful of leaves into her mouth, then passes out, gagging. Aerin is sick for weeks and suffers horrible hallucinations. She grows melancholy afterward, which further limits her recovery. Aerin eventually recovers enough to get out of bed but struggles to move on her own.
Aerin eventually makes her way to Talat’s pasture, using a cane to guide her way. She does not try to move away from Talat when he charges her, and he eventually stops and grazes near her. She takes books from the library to the pasture and sits with him, and Talat slowly warms up to her enough to eat a treat that she leaves for him.
As the teenage Aerin continues to recover from the surka, Teka discovers Aerin’s attempts to bond with Talat but does not stop her. Today, the ancient book that Aerin reads describes the ways of dragons, who used to be large and terrifying but are now dog-sized vermin (although still quite dangerous). The book says that anyone wanting to kill a Great Dragon should hunt the small ones to learn how to kill them most effectively. The author insists that one ancient dragon, Maur, was never confirmed dead and might still return. Aerin reads about a substance called kenet that reportedly protects against dragonfire. She decides to make it for herself. As she paces and thinks about the recipe, Talat walks alongside her and lets her lean against him for support. She brushes him the next day and asks the groom, Hornmar, about his condition; he says that Talat is likely well enough to move somewhat normally but is out of practice on his bad leg. Aerin begins to ride Talat and eventually gets him to trot for a while without stopping.
The surka wears off in time for Aerin to remain obligated to attend Galanna’s wedding to Perlith. The politics surrounding the wedding are complex; Tor, for example, is obligated to be Perlith’s attendant, despite his higher rank, but Galanna excuses Aerin from holding a similar position on her side. The wedding is the first major event since Tor’s coming-of-age ceremony a few years previously.
Aerin finds Talat’s royal tack and agrees to have supper with Tor. The dishes at the meal are made of fine metal in the shape of animals, which she enjoys. She asks him to train her in swordplay like he did when she was a young child, and he agrees. They begin lessons, somewhat infrequently, and Aerin drills with the sword on her own. She strangely begins to grow taller, despite being 17, and she hopes that she will outgrow her pony and be given a real horse so she can fight on horseback.
Talat grows healthier and stronger; she rides him with the royal tack but discovers that she cannot control both him and a sword at the same time. She accidentally cuts the rein with a blade and decides to ride without a bridle entirely. Delighted by this, Talat breaks into a gallop, which Aerin cannot control; he leaps the fence and runs for a while. Unable to get him back in the pasture unnoticed, Aerin breaks the fence and lets him step over the low stones. The exertion makes Talat very sore for days, so Aerin focuses on remaking the saddle to suit her purposes while she works him through the pain.
At Galanna’s wedding, Tor’s inability to look away from Aerin—despite her relatively simple dress—starts a rumor that she has bewitched him as her mother is believed to have bewitched Arlbeth. Galanna, who hoped to make Tor jealous that he had not married her, uses this incident to start new rumors about Aerin’s mother. Aerin notices none of this and returns to her usual life with Talat. In her endeavor to make kenet, Aerin asks Teka about redroot, an ingredient that she doesn’t recognize, and learns that it is also called astzoran and grows in meadows a few days’ ride away. Teka invites Aerin to join her on a ride to gather herbs. Aerin’s initial mixtures do not work and result in several burnt fingers. She begins to wonder if kenet is real at all.
At Aerin’s 18th birthday party—an event that she wishes was not held at all—Tor watches her adoringly the entire time. She does not notice this, but Arlbeth does and feels pity for Tor. Afterward, Tor finds Aerin privately and gives her a sword, to her delight.
The sword gives Aerin confidence. After two years of experimentation and visiting the city to buy herbs in substantial amounts—inadvertently improving her reputation with the townspeople—she manages to make kenet just before her 19th birthday. Her mind is so distracted by everyday things that she only notices that the wood isn’t burning when the tongs nearly burn her hand from transferred heat. She becomes so distracted the rest of the day that Teka is forced to tie fashionable ankle ribbons around her stockings because she forgets to darn them. Teka wonders if she has fallen in love and decides to look at Tor to gauge this.
Although this section of the book begins in the narrative present, it soon flashes back to Aerin’s childhood to illuminate the path that has led her—and, by extension, the entire kingdom of Damar—into the tense present moment as Arlbeth and Tor ride to war. Because McKinley introduces the character of Arlbeth in a moment when he is compelled to reject Aerin’s request to ride alongside them, this scene immediately establishes the difficulties of their relationship. While he loves her, he is unwilling to set aside the good of the kingdom for her sake. The ensuing chapters also establish why this rejection occurred in the first place, for Aerin’s status as the daughter of a supposed witch renders her childhood difficult and complicates her role in the Damarian court. Additionally, the first seven chapters establish her general lack of social graces, implying Arlbeth’s belief that even as an adult, she does not have the necessary skills to negotiate political situations. While this is not necessarily a fault, the narrative makes it a point to emphasize that she does not adhere to expected social norms, even in her everyday interactions; for example, she mocks the idea of wearing fashionable ribbons around her ankles, repeatedly misses signs of Tor’s affection, and physically fights Galanna at multiple points. However unfair Arlbeth’s rejection might seem without context, Aerin’s personality is ultimately shown to be better suited to different roles than a first sol is traditionally expected to fulfill. Arlbeth’s rejection and imminent departure therefore opens the path for her to explore those roles in relative freedom, even as his decision creates an intense rift between father and daughter—one that is never fully repaired.
The theme of Building Strength and Courage Through Disability is introduced early in this section. It should be noted that while Aerin’s experiences with disability are long-term, lasting a year or more, she does eventually recover from them in most ways even though her body is permanently affected. While this characterization fits most models and definitions of disability, the term is occasionally used differently in scholarly research on the topic. The theme of adapting to and overcoming disability is first explored through the growing relationship between Aerin and Talat. McKinley uses parallelism to create a direct comparison between Aerin and Talat, both of whom have been hurt and rejected by the royal household for their disabilities. While their respective injuries are inherently different, they nonetheless serve parallel functions and enable the characters to bond despite their mutual resistance to forming relationships with others. Aerin’s injury from the surka plant also forces her to think creatively and adapt. Prior to her sickness, she was able to live life as she wanted, but while recovering from the effects of the surka, she must find new ways to navigate her world and accommodate her needs. While Aerin’s potential for inventiveness was always within her, her disability helps her to explore that side of herself. Significantly, she is forced to slow down and act with greater deliberation, delving deeply into books. Thus, it is during her recovery that she finds the recipe for the kenet, remakes Talat’s saddle, invents a new riding style, and strengthens her relationships with others, even the common people in the town. While Galanna’s intention in goading Aerin to eat the surka is to prove that Aerin is a “disgrace to the royal honor” (24), the incident ultimately sets Aerin on the path to heroism. In this context, even Aerin’s sickness becomes more of a boon than a setback.
Accordingly, there is no true villain in the first section of the novel, for it is necessary to establish Aerin’s background and talents before the ultimate antagonistic force—represented by Maur and Agsded—can appear. In the meantime, while Galanna and Perlith function as antagonists to Aerin specifically, they are not villains in the grander scheme of the narrative, and their antagonism works to establish the complex interpersonal dynamics of the sols and solas in the royal court. Most notably, Galanna’s identity as the beautiful second sol governs her entire life and informs her decisions; when she cannot woo Tor, she instead woos the next politically advantageous option, second sola Perlith, even though she does not necessarily love him. Aerin’s continual rejection of the social ladder in the royal court contrasts heavily with Galanna’s constant scheming, exacerbating the conflict between them. For example, Galanna harms Aerin by insulting her mother and her bloodline, and Aerin damages Galanna’s public image by physically attacking her or inadvertently showing herself to be the greater beauty of the two. However, while Galanna is undoubtedly set up to be a bully, it is equally clear that she is simply adding a twist of cruelty to the existing rules of Damarian society. Aerin’s choice to overtly break the rules helps her to become a hero, but Galanna operates indirectly, choosing her weapons from the confines of Damarian social structures. While Aerin and Galanna mutually persecute each other for their perceived faults, the real “villain” from a feminist perspective is the patriarchal system that demands certain behavior from these strong-willed women in the first place.
By Robin McKinley
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