49 pages • 1 hour read
Deborah HopkinsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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An epigraph from Dr. John Snow references the case of a death by cholera in Hampstead, an area that lies beyond the bulk of the epidemic.
Hampstead is the farthest from home that Eel has ever traveled. He regrets that he must make the journey while Florrie is ill, but he knows that she would want him to continue his investigation. He is impressed with the clean, fresh air in Hampstead, which he feels would make cholera impossible to catch here if the miasma theory were correct. Eel finds Mrs. Susannah Eley’s house, which has its own water pump. He is briefly puzzled until he remembers Gus’s claim that Mrs. Eley preferred the taste of the water from the Broad Street pump.
He knows that he won’t be believed if he introduces himself as Dr. Snow’s assistant, so Eel pretends to be a child visiting his grandfather in London. He asks a maid for a cup of milk, then casually asks her about Mrs. Eley’s water. His questions prove fruitful. Only two deaths by cholera have been reported in Hampstead: Mrs. Eley and her niece, both of whom drank Broad Street water. The maid worries about her future now that her employer has died. She hopes that she will not have to return to London. Eel thinks of Florrie’s ambition of working in a house like this one; he frets about his friend and hopes that she recovers. He hurries back to Dr. Snow to report what he has learned.
Eel realizes that he must confirm that nobody else in the neighborhood of Mrs. Eley’s niece has cholera; this will prove that the niece did not transmit the illness herself. He walks the several miles to Islington, and a servant at the niece’s house confirms that nobody else in Islington has fallen ill.
Eel heads quickly to Mrs. Miggle’s house, neglecting to follow his own advice to always be on the lookout for Fisheye Bill. Suddenly, someone grabs him from behind and throws him into a horse-drawn cab. He is hit on the head and falls unconscious. When he wakes, the cab is rocking with motion, and he is tied up. He realizes that Fisheye has kidnapped him. Eel tries to gather his thoughts and discern his location. He worries about Dilly, who is now lost in a strange neighborhood. The cab eventually stops, and Fisheye herds Eel into a dark, smelly room that Eel doesn’t recognize. Fisheye demands to know where Eel is hiding Henry, whom he wants to use to help him beg and steal.
Fisheye continues to question Eel, but Eel refuses to answer. A woman named Kate enters, smelling strongly of cheap perfume. She pretends to be astonished that Eel is hiding Henry from Fisheye, and she soon reveals that she is part of the scheme to earn money using Henry’s innocent looks. The dirty room makes Eel regret not visiting Abel Cooper at the Lion, whom he belatedly realizes that he could have trusted with his secret about Henry. Fisheye viciously beats Eel with a belt while Kate holds him down, but Eel doesn’t reveal anything about Henry. They tie Eel up and shove him under the bed. Gagged with an old rag and unable to think of how to escape, Eel sleeps.
Thursday, September 7
The next morning, someone knocks on Fisheye’s door. By the smell, Eel knows that the visitor is Nasty Ned, the mudlark. Ned sees Eel and shouts his apology; he reveals that he reported Eel’s survival to Fisheye, but he didn’t think that Fisheye would hurt Eel. When Fisheye threatens Ned, the boy promises not to say anything to anyone, which infuriates Eel. Kate and Fisheye depart, leaving Eel trapped in the room. He worries about Florrie and Dilly and realizes that if he cannot tell Dr. Snow what he learned in Hampstead, more people will die of cholera. He doesn’t know if his life and Henry’s are worth more than all the others he could save, but he knows that he won’t betray his little brother. Feeling hopeless, he waits for hours. When he hears footsteps coming, he fears that Fisheye is returning. Instead, it’s Thumbless Jake, who cuts Eel free and rescues him.
Jake reveals that Ned feared that Eel would be killed and would come back as a ghost to haunt Ned. For this reason, Ned told Jake where to find Eel. To Eel’s dismay, it is now after six in the evening, and he is more than two miles from Broad Street. He fears that he will never get back in time for the seven o’clock committee meeting. Betsy and her aunt suddenly spot him, and Eel asks if Betsy’s aunt has her horse available. Just then, Dilly arrives and crashes into Eel.
Later, at Florrie’s bedside, Eel recounts everything, including how he solved the mystery of the water pump. He also tells her about Henry. He reports that he, Betsy, Dilly, Thumbless Jake, and Betsy’s aunt (Mrs. Flanders) piled into the Flanders’ cab and hurried to the meeting held by the board of governors. The governors were unimpressed by Snow’s explanation until Eel reported all that he had learned in Hampstead and Islington. He repeats his speech for Florrie, then admits that he was shaking with nerves. The governors have decided to remove the pump handle the following day at 10 o’clock in the morning. If Florrie feels better, Danny and Eel will carry her down to watch. Florrie admits that she is still afraid she will succumb to cholera, but Eel is confident that she will recover. He kisses her forehead before leaving.
Friday, September 8
The next morning, Eel and an excited Dr. Snow journey to Broad Street to see the removal of the pump handle. Dr. Snow exclaims that their information will lead to the eradication of cholera, even if that day is far in the future. Eel stops by Florrie’s house. He is worried to see Danny bedraggled; Danny reports that Florrie’s condition worsened overnight but improved by morning. She is resting and cannot come to see the pump handle removed. Danny gives Eel a drawing that Florrie made, which contains the date and a sketch of the pump without its handle.
Eel sees Mr. Edward Huggins and Abel Cooper in the crowd surrounding the pump. He tells Mr. Edward that he never stole from the Lion. He apologizes and says he never defended himself because he assumed that nobody would believe his word over Hugzie’s. Mr. Edward reports that he has seen Eel helping Dr. Snow during the epidemic. He offers to help Eel after his job with Snow is concluded, but he cannot promise that he will be able to reinstate Eel in his old position at the Lion. However, Abel tells Eel that he cannot have Queenie back because she and Abel have bonded.
Part 4 expands the novel’s horizons in multiple ways by taking Eel to an entirely new area that offers further insight on the nuances of Class Division in Victorian London. Eel’s journey to Hampstead indicates the constrained geography of his usual life and the strict social stratification of Victorian London. Significantly, the idyllic countryside of Hampstead presents an even starker contrast for Eel than the world of Dr. Snow’s neighborhood, for even the air strikes Eel as different. This observation also allows the author to reflect on the contrasting theories of the cholera epidemic, for Eel cannot help but be influenced by the widespread belief in the miasma theory when he reflects that the fresh-breezed Hampstead seems like a place in which it would be impossible to catch cholera. His thoughts demonstrate how deeply engrained the contemporary yet misguided theories of health and contagion could be, for despite Eel’s firsthand experience of working with Dr. Snow, he finds himself succumbing to the common idea the countryside is inherently less disease-ridden than the city. However, his views do not clarify that this belief often proves true due to methods of sanitation rather than any inherent healthfulness of the locales themselves.
Eel’s journey to Hampstead and Islington to obtain more information places him in the role of the adventurer, a figure who travels to unknown locales to pursue his goals. Consequently, the author brings in several common tropes of the adventure novel by arranging the appearance of the long-feared antagonist, Fisheye Bill Tyler, who effectively derails the scientific aspects of the plot by kidnapping Eel and subjecting him to a captivity scene worthy of a Dickensian tale. This plot twist forces Eel to undergo both physical and emotional anguish, but the physical abuse that he suffers is downplayed in deference to Hopkinson’s younger readers, and the darker elements at work are primarily delivered via implication. Significantly, even as the cholera epidemic spreads, Eel’s most frightening experience is one in which he faces the possibility of personal loss, for he worries not only for himself, but for Florrie, Henry, and Dilly as well. Thus, even with the threat of the looming epidemic, these realistic concerns reveal that the novel’s primary focus is on personal issues rather than historical events. This approach also allows the author to obliquely address grisly topics such as widespread death by disease while keeping the story palatable for younger readers who may not be ready to contemplate the full implications of such a situation. Thus, the novel does not dwell at length on the deaths of the Golden Square residents. Instead, the “happy” circumstances of Florrie’s survival and Henry’s safety take center stage, providing a counterbalance to the novel’s serious subject matter.