47 pages • 1 hour read
Cristina HenríquezA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As Ada is leaving the commissary, Omar approaches it. He recognizes her by the sound of her voice because she’d sung to him as he lay struggling to breathe in when he fell. He maneuvers his way around so that she will think that the two happened to come across each other, face to face in the busy thoroughfare. When Ada catches sight of Omar, she stops abruptly, instantly figuring out that he is the man whose life she saved. He introduces himself, and they chat briefly before Ada must run back home to Marian Oswald.
Ada returns to the house to find out that Marian Oswald has died. She sends the boy who brings the mail in search of John Oswald, and after much running and many different stops, he relays the message. At home, Antoinette does not want to be blamed for Marian’s death and decides to tell John that Ada neglected her charge and left the house. Newspaper reporters show up to talk to John about Marian’s obituary. The notice includes only the information that she was the wife of John Oswald and omits her degrees and professional work.
Ada gathers flowers for Marian’s funeral the next day. On her walk, she runs into Omar. He tells her the name of the flowers she has just picked, and Ada thinks how happy Marian would have been to identify the pretty plants. The two talk, and Ada shares news of Marian’s death with Omar. She also tells him that her own sister is ill with pneumonia, and she left Barbados to be able to send money back home to her mother to pay for surgery. Omar is struck by her bravery and tells her so. When he has to return to work, Ada heads back to the house. Antoinette greets her grumpily, and Ada places her flowers into a vase.
On the Thursday before Valentina’s planned demonstration in Gatún, she rides into the city alone to complete an errand that she is unwilling to entrust to her husband. She has been busy preparing for their act of resistance, and she hopes to generate enough national attention that someone from the government will be sent to the town, and they can then voice their opposition to the canal project. To that end, she is in the city to speak to a newspaper and ask them to write about their protest. At the paper’s offices, she finds only one Spanish speaker, and he seems uninterested in her plight. She leaves the office deflated, unsure of how to proceed. Unbeknownst to Valentina, however, one of the other workers at the paper did speak Spanish and was moved by her story. She plans to take her camera to Gatún to capture the protest. She’d been moved by the recent death of Marian Oswald and decided that life was too short to let opportunities pass by. She was also moved by Valentina’s plight and wanted to help.
Lucille is at home, sewing. She has struggled to pay attention to her work since Ada left. She is preoccupied with worry for both daughters: Ada is far away and Lucille does not yet know how she will finance Millicent’s surgery. She finishes her dress and heads to the market, stopping briefly to say hello to Willoughby, a man who is courting her but in whom she has little interest. At the market, she fails to sell her dress. The one woman who does pause to admire it turns it inside out and sees the shoddy stitching on the inside: Lucille used to be a fine seamstress, but the stress of her current situation has been impacting her work, and her craftmanship is no longer what it once was. She asks for help from the vestryman and is told that she should consider approaching Henry Camby. The fact that he is the girls’ father is an open secret, and Lucille is unhappy that so many people know her business.
Lucille realizes that Henry is indeed her only option. She walks to the house on the Camby estate to ask for his help. She is greeted instead by his wife Gertrude. Gertrude knows exactly who Lucille is and is aware of the nature of her relationship with Henry. She is enraged when she sees Lucille and immediately steps outside to see what she wants. Upon hearing that Lucille would like to speak to Henry, Gertrude spits in her face. Lucille leaves, but not before being seen by Henry. Henry has been told by one of his workers of Lucille’s plight, and although he does want to help his daughter Millicent, he feels that to do so would incur the wrath of Gertrude. He resolves to do nothing.
Omar puts on his finest set of clothes and leaves the house without speaking to his father. Their feud continues, but Omar feels as though he has done nothing wrong and makes no effort to make amends. Omar proceeds into town and attends the funeral of Marian Oswald. It is a solemn affair, and he is struck by the somber mood of those gathered for the event. Marian’s doctor, Antoinette, John Oswald, and others all silently remember Marian and contemplate the nature of life and death. After the funeral is over, Omar approaches Ada and the two talk. Ada remains worried about her own sister’s battle with pneumonia in Barbados and confides in Omar that she has not yet heard from her mother and fears for her sister’s life. Omar assures her that Millicent will not share Marian Oswald’s fate, but Ada is not so sure.
In his study, John wakes to the sound of a knock. In the wake of Marian’s death John has been drinking heavily, although he does not truly approve of alcohol consumption. He reflects on his inadequacy as a husband, including his lack of romantic or sexual feeling toward his wife. He realizes now that he did need Marian in his own way, and he feels lost without her. He recalls how intelligent she was, and how kind. He finally understands her worth as a human being, not merely as his wife, and regrets that he had not shown her more respect or acknowledged her intellect while she was alive. Through his hangover, he settles on a memory of being told that Ada had left their home right before his wife’s death, and although he had wanted to speak to her first before making up his mind about whether or not she had been responsible for Marian’s death, he begins to grow angry and to blame Ada.
This set of chapters continues to tell the story of the construction of the Panama Canal through the eyes of ordinary rather than noteworthy individuals. Marian’s death highlights the intersection of racism and classism that defines life for Black and brown workers in Panama. Furthermore, Lucille, Henry, and his wife Gertrude have an explosive encounter that showcases the way that race and racism shape life for Black women in particular in Barbados. Valentina’s struggle to save her town continues to build the rising action, and John’s character gains depth and complexity as he struggles to cope with the loss of his wife.
When Ada rushes to the store to try to procure a suitable remedy for Marian, she encounters problems because she is a Black worker trying to shop on the side of the store reserved for individuals paid in gold, the wealthier of those involved with the canal project. By the time she makes it home, Marian has died. Of everyone involved in Marian’s care, Ada is the most attentive and the only one to truly grasp the severity of her illness, but because she is Black and working class, she becomes an easy scapegoat. The doctor, seizing on the fact that Ada left Marian right before the hour of her death, fails to admit that it was his own lateness that prompted Ada to run off in search of anti-fever pills. Antoinette, who had been hostile to the younger, prettier girl, also blames Ada in hope that she will avoid being blamed herself. This highlights the way racist and classist structures aim to turn people against each other instead of creating solidarity. In spite of his high opinion of her, John is easily swayed by those seeking to blame Ada, and there is the definite sense that his preconceived notions about racial hierarchies inform his decision to hold Ada responsible for his wife’s death. The ease with which everyone blames Ada for Marian’s death highlights the theme of Racism and the Legacy of Enslavement.
Valentina, meanwhile, continues to plan her protest. She envisions a peaceful event in which “[t]hey would sit side by side, creating a sort of barricade, although the real goal was to attract enough attention so that someone from the zone government or the Panamanian government or even the land commission would come” (204). Since this is a historical novel, Henríquez shrouds Valentina’s goals in dramatic irony, since the Panama Canal was built. This lends poignancy to Valentina’s mission to attract attention. Furthermore, at the newspaper office, she is shocked to discover that few people in the office speaks Spanish. The English-speaking newspaper staff speaks to the theme of The Negative Impacts of Imperialism in that it suggests how self-serving US involvement in the region was: Henríquez suggests that they had little interest in development of the country for the sake of Panamanians, or it would have encouraged the dissemination of Spanish-language news. In spite of this setback, Valentina is not deterred and continues preparations for the protest.
Lucille finally decides to ask Henry for money to finance Millicent’s surgery, but the meeting does not go well. She is greeted by Gertrude, Henry’s wife. Gertrude knows exactly who Lucille is, and spits in her face. Henry feels that if he were to help Lucille and Millicent, he would upset Gertrude, and so initially refuses. There is a complex and multi-layered racism at work in this scene. Although strong and independent in many ways, Lucille remains disempowered by the politics of race in her relationship with Henry and in turn in her ability to parent her children. Because the girls’ father is a married white man, she is not guaranteed help or support from him in the way that she would have been from a socially sanctioned partner. She has no legal means of forcing Henry to pay for Millicent’s surgery and is at the mercy of Gertrude. Although Gertrude is a “woman scorned,” the extreme disrespect she shows to Lucille is mired in the racist belief that she is superior to Lucille just by the virtue of her white skin. In a novel that is deeply interested in women’s empowerment, scenes like this illustrate the particular impact of Racism and the Legacy of Enslavement on Black women, who experience the intersecting oppressions of racism and sexism.
In the wake of Marian’s death, John falls apart. Although his grief over the loss of a woman whom he never seemed to truly love or value adds depth and complexity to his character, the novel does, in many ways, portray John as an antagonist. Rather than being upset that his wife’s life was cut tragically short, John feels a sense of self-pity because he struggles to acclimate to life without Marian. Because of his selfishness in the face of Marian’s death and because he has shown disregard for Panamanian locals, his friends, and his wife, and because he is so quick to blame the innocent Ada for Marian’s death, he continues to exemplify the archetype of an affluent white man sent to Latin America to “civilize” it. John, like the broader project of US imperialism in the region, remains mired in self-interest and self-importance.