100 pages • 3 hours read
Upton SinclairA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Chapters 1-3
Chapters 4-6
Chapters 7-9
Chapters 10-12
Chapters 13-15
Chapters 16-18
Chapters 19-21
Chapters 22-24
Chapters 25-27
Chapters 28-30
Chapters 31-33
Chapters 34-36
Chapters 37-39
Chapters 40-42
Chapters 43-45
Chapters 46-48
Chapters 49-51
Chapters 52-54
Chapters 55-57
Chapters 58-60
Chapters 61-63
Chapters 64-66
Chapters 67-69
Chapters 70-72
Chapters 73-75
Chapters 76-78
Chapters 79-81
Chapters 82-84
Chapters 85-92
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Abner’s youngest son Tom is now 15, and Abner finds his way of thinking “annoying”: “He did not share the family sense of gratitude to Henry Ford, but insisted that Henry had got more out of his workers than they had ever got out of him. He had no respect for the Klan, but on the contrary referred to it as a ‘racket’” (116). Abner decides to let his children speak as they please and blames the teachers at school.
Meanwhile, the Klan have come to support Henry Ford, now a billionaire, as their candidate for President: “It was a strange kind of political campaign, for nobody knew whether the candidate was a Democrat or a Republican; the candidate wouldn’t say, and probably didn’t know” (117).
Abner, like many Americans, supports Ford’s candidacy. Newspaper polls show Ford far ahead of all the other candidates, and the campaign is well financed (though the source of the funds remains well hidden). Ford will benefit no matter what the outcome of the election: “there could be no better way to advertise a car than on the ballots in a national election” (118).
When President Harding dies unexpectedly and Vice-President Calvin Coolidge succeeds him, the Klan and Ford view him as “their man already in office, a white Protestant Gentile hundred per cent Vermont Yankee, close-fisted, close-mouthed, the strong, silent statesman, Cautious Cal,” ready to “take charge of a nation imperiled by grafters, speculators, Jews, Negroes, Catholics, and Bolsheviki” (118).
Ford and Coolidge have a “highly secret conference” (118), one outcome of which is Coolidge’s promise that the government will sell Muscle Shoals to Ford at a low price and Ford’s promise to withdraw from the presidential race. Coolidge is re-elected with the support of Ford and the Klan.
American industry, which has adopted Ford’s strategy of mass production and low prices, is flourishing. Ford is involved in 53 industries and employs over 200,000 men. The Shutts are now a “two-car family” (119), since Johnny, who has finished school and started work as a welder, now works as a sub-foreman and owns his own car.
Although Hank does not have a job title, he too is prospering. It is the era of Prohibition, and he works for bootleggers bringing liquor across the river from Canada. Only Hank’s sister, Daisy, who studies at a business college and hopes to become a stenographer, knows about his work.
Tommy, still in high school, is a quarterback on his school’s football team and is offered a football scholarship to the University of Michigan.
Ford is nearing his goal of producing two million cars a year. He owns 60 plants in the US and several more plants in 28 foreign countries, which assemble Ford cars using 45,000 different machines.
Despite his success, Ford is “losing his blithe optimism, and becoming glum and bitter” (123). He disapproves of short skirts and jazz, and is upset that people criticize his Model T, which they find “lack[s] beauty and grace” (124) and which only comes in black.
Ford decides that “what America need[s] [is] to be led back to its past” (124). He starts a “vast museum of old-time America” (124), including whole houses and even villages and a wide variety of “all the junk you had in your attic, provided it was old enough to be called ‘antiques’” (125). Although Ford is “doing more than any man now alive to root out and destroy this old America” (125), he hopes to revive old ways of thinking. Antique-hunting becomes a popular pastime for the well-to-do.
A salesman convinces Ford to buy a white cottage that he claims is the birthplace of the songwriter Stephen C. Foster. However, once Ford has made the purchase, Foster’s niece and nephew inform him that the cottage is not actually their uncle’s birthplace; the real birthplace has already been torn down. Ford, who cannot stand being wrong, visits Foster’s elderly and demented daughter, eventually convincing her to make an official statement confirming that the cottage is her father’s birthplace. Eventually, however, a mass of evidence showing that the house is not Foster’s birthplace forces Ford to withdraw his claim that the house is “the actual little white cottage in which Stephen C. Foster was born” (126). Ford continues to refer to the house as the “Stephen Foster House” even though “neither Foster nor any other member of the family had ever lived in that house” (126).
Chapter 46 shows Ford, supported by the Ku Klux Klan, nearly taking the nation’s highest public office, not because he has a political platform or even a known affiliation, but simply because he is a famous and wealthy businessman, and because many people are enthusiastic about the anti-Semitic views he has propagated and endorsed. As ever in The Flivver King, money, rather than any of the human characters, is the real agent: the U.S. avoids a Ford presidency narrowly, and only as the result of a back-room business deal that proves profitable to both sides.
The writer’s prediction that Ford will always find himself among the reactionaries is already proving true, but with a twist: along with his racist, xenophobic paranoia, Ford not only inaugurates a preoccupation with old-fashioned Americana, but even turns nostalgia into a profitable industry. Following his lead, people begin to pay for antiques and for the privilege of visiting sites associated with American history and old-fashioned ways of life. Ford’s own participation in this industry, via his acquisition of properties and spurious claims on behalf of their significance, shows his increasing corruption.
Tom Shutt, the high school football star, begins to emerge as a significant character: his views about Ford are certain to cause conflict, not only within the Shutt family, but also with the wider community. Similarly, the juvenile delinquent Hank has now become a full-fledged criminal (though his sort of criminality also makes him a businessman of sorts). From this point in the story onward, the conflict between these two brothers will assume increasingly greater significance.