32 pages • 1 hour read
Octavia E. ButlerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The idea of guardian angels is only mentioned directly once, in relation to the etymology of Alan’s last name, Chi, which is an Ibo word meaning “a kind of guardian angel or personal God” (40). Though Butler only lightly touches on this symbolism, to the extent that it speaks to ideas of taking care of and protecting others, it speaks directly to the theme of Illness, Society, and Institutionalization. Because of this, it is a symbol that, in a way, becomes a motif. When Alan first brings it up, it is to complain to Lynn that it doesn’t feel like he has an effective guardian. However, this works as a bit of foreshadowing, as we can imagine that Lynn will one day become his caretaker when his DGD condition progresses and that she is uniquely qualified to do so. Therefore, Lynn might be considered his guardian angel. Moreover, to the extent that Alan and Lynn’s relationship has benefited both because they are no longer merely “marking time” and because they are working to emotionally support one another, we might also regard them as each other’s guardian angels.
One of the symptoms of advancing DGD is an obsessive level of self-harm that will eventually lead to death. When Beatrice asks Lynn about her experience at the ward as a teenager, Lynn interprets this behavior as an obsessive need to “get out” of “[t]heir restraints, their disease, the ward, their bodies” (53). In other words, while self-harm might be an impulsive product of the disease, it also reflects a state of mind in which DGDs are not comfortable with themselves or the world they are in. This is further reflected in the suicidal ideation present in the three major characters—Lynn, Alan, and Beatrice. Both Lynn and Beatrice have attempted suicide, and Alan contemplates it at one point as inevitable once he feels himself begin to drift. The extreme dysphoria of those suffering with DGD in conventional settings and the suicidal ideation of those who still haven’t experienced the worst symptoms of the illness point to a subtext of mental health. While there seems to be a variety of attempts to treat the physiological side of the condition, there is little done to attend to the psychological needs of those with it, outside of Dilg.
Lynn only uses the language “temporal mirror” once, when she is reflecting on her experience at the Dilg ward when she was 15 years old (50). However, it is an important symbol that echoes throughout the story and the way the various characters, mostly Lynn but also Alan, anticipate their future. In reflecting on her previous experience at a Dilg ward, Lynn worries that a woman she sees harming herself is a mirror image of her own future. Later in the story, Lynn also sees Beatrice as a temporal mirror, and she reflects at end of the story that she can’t look behind her as she and Alan leave Dilg because “[she is] convinced that somehow if [she] turn[s], [she will] see [her]self standing there, gray and old, growing small in the distance, vanishing” (68). While she might not feel the same level of terror between these two possible futures, it is clear that she still feels trapped by her possible future.
Butler uses visual art throughout the story to symbolically point to various subtexts. The use of visual art is therefore a motif that points to the symbolic dimension of the story. This is particularly true when Alan and Lynn visit Dilg. In particular, Alan’s mother, Naomi, is working on a sculpture of an old woman and two children when they first meet her. She does not finish this work, which suggests that whatever we might take the sculpture to represent (Beatrice, Alan, or Lynn) has an open-ended future. When they leave, Naomi begins work on a sculpture of Alan and Lynn. Again, the work is still in progress, reinforcing the idea that their future is indeterminate. Before Alan and Lynn meet Naomi, Beatrice gestures to an abstract painting completed by one of the symptomatic DGDs that reminds Lynn of “a photo [she] had once seen of the Orion Nebula. Darkness broken by a great cloud of light and color” (49). The image here might be interpreted to suggest something hopeful emerging from the DGD condition, whereas Lynn has, up until this point, been inclined to see her condition as superficial order concealing underlying chaos.
By Octavia E. Butler