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Reyna GrandeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Reyna Grande Rodríguez is four years old when her mother Juana, or Mami, leaves for the United States. Reyna has two older siblings, Mago and Carlos. Their father, Natalio—whom they call Papi—left for the States when Reyna was two. The children watch Mami pack her bags and beg to know when she’ll be back. They’ve heard about people going to the States, or El Otro Lado, “The Other Side” (2), to make better lives for their families. Papi left to make money so he could build his dream house in Reyna’s hometown of Iguala de la Independencia.
Mami takes the children to her mother-in-law Abuela Evila’s house, promising to be back within a year. The children wish they could stay with their maternal grandmother Abuelita Chinta instead, as Abuela Evila isn’t kind to them. She ridicules Mami often and makes mean comments when she drops off the children, too. Before Mami leaves she makes Mago promise she’ll take care of her siblings while she’s gone. Reyna and Carlos cry, but Mago doesn’t.
Reyna waits at Abuela Evila’s every day, hoping Mami will return. Meanwhile, the neighborhood children start calling Reyna and her siblings “orphans.” Reyna often gets upset and sometimes considers throwing rocks at the mean children. Even their cousin Élida, who lives next door, calls Reyna and her siblings names. Her parents are in the States, too, but Abuela Evila favors Élida and pampers her.
One day, Evila gives Reyna a coin to go and buy her a needle. On the way, Reyna throws the coin at some neighborhood children when they tease her. She returns home without the money or coin. Evila demands that she go back, apologize, and buy the needle. She obeys and the children say that their father told them they should be grateful they have their family together. The man reminds Reyna her parents left because they love her; then returns her coin. She buys Evila’s needle.
Reyna and her siblings’ relationship with Élida worsens. Élida’s mother often sends presents from the States, which she shows off in front of Reyna, Mago, and Carlos. Evila doesn’t make her do any work either, and Élida often calls her cousins unkind nicknames and insists their mother will never return. All of the children get lice, but Evila washes Élida’s hair with lemon juice and brushes it. She does nothing for Reyna and her siblings’ hair. They also have worms in their stomachs.
One evening, Evila decides to handle Reyna and her siblings’ lice by dumping kerosene on their scalps and wrapping their heads in towels. Reyna and Carlos are in so much pain they tear off the towels. The next day, Evila chops off their hair. When Papi’s sister Tía Emperatriz sees the children, she’s shocked and says Reyna looks like a boy. Reyna is so upset she takes out her framed photograph of Papi, which she calls the Man Behind the Glass, and asks when he’s coming home.
Six months later, Mami still hasn’t returned. Reyna and her siblings sneak out when Evila isn’t paying attention and play in an abandoned car, pretending they’re driving to the States. Meanwhile, Reyna tells herself her parents are on the other side of the nearby Mountain That Has a Headache. She and her siblings also search for their scents in the smells of the city. However, Papi isn’t as easy to find as Mami, because she doesn’t remember him. She looks forward to her parents’ calls every week, but there’s never enough time to tell them what she wants to.
One day, Mami informs them she’s having a baby. Mago insists their parents are replacing them with their new child. The next day, Mago comforts Reyna by telling her a story. She says Reyna’s belly button used to connect her to Mami. Even though the cord is now cut, Reyna is still connected to Mami by her belly button.
Later on, Mago gets upset when some boys call her and her siblings names. She gets them back by feeding them tortillas filled with feces. The siblings run into a nearby tree and hide afterwards so Evila won’t punish them. When Emperatriz returns home, the children come down and Evila beats them.
Evila buys Reyna and Mago a cake for their birthdays. Their aunt takes pictures to send to their parents. The children try to look happy, hoping their parents will return. They send the pictures, but their parents don’t come back.
Not long later, Élida’s mother, Tía María Félix, returns to celebrate Élida’s 15th birthday and Quinceañera. She brings gifts for all of the children except Reyna and her siblings. Mago accuses her of lying when she says she lost the suitcase with the gifts from Mami and Papi. The siblings run into their tree afterwards.
Everyone “fusse[s] over Élida” (37) on the day of her party. During the father-daughter dance, Reyna imagines her own Quinceañera and hopes Papi will be there to dance with her.
After Tía María Félix leaves, Élida cries. Reyna realizes that Élida is alone and that she’s lucky to have her siblings. Afterwards, the siblings imagine life in the States and dream up the house Papi will build for them.
Reyna starts school in the first grade. She’s excited to go because she hates Evila’s house. However, she doesn’t like her teacher and feels upset when he scolds her for writing with her left hand. He and Evila have told her the left hand is cursed by the devil while the right hand is blessed by God. Mago insists this is nonsense.
One day during lunch, Reyna, Mago, and Carlos meet up in the yard. Evila doesn’t give them lunch money and they’re hungry. When someone drops their mango in the dirt, Reyna collects it per Mago’s instructions. She’s afraid God will punish her, but nothing happens when she picks it up. Afterwards, she tells herself Mago is right and the stories about the devil aren’t true. Back inside the schoolhouse, she continues writing with her left hand.
Reyna and her siblings often wait at the gate for the mail, hoping their parents will send them something. Usually Élida is the only one who receives mail, but one day Mami and Papi send the siblings a box with new clothes and shoes. However, the shoes are too small. Reyna feels sad, realizing their parents don’t even know their shoe sizes.
The siblings don the shoes anyway and run through the neighborhood to show them off. No one makes fun of them, but when they get home they have blisters.
The construction finally begins on the new house. It’s been four years since Papi left and two years since Mami left. Papi inherited a piece of Evila’s property and he starts building his dream house there. Reyna and her siblings don’t want to live so close to Evila but they’re thrilled about the house. They do their best to help, hoping their parents will return sooner if the house is built faster. However, Papi runs out of money and the construction stops shortly thereafter. Reyna talks to Papi’s photo again, asking when he’ll be back.
One night, Reyna gets bitten by a scorpion while sleeping. She’s in terrible pain, but Evila refuses to take her to the hospital because they can’t afford the bills. Mami and Papi send her money for the children but she spends it on herself instead of using it for them. Emperatriz promises to take Reyna to the doctor if she’s still sick in the morning.
In the morning, she drives her to the hospital for a shot. On the way, Reyna asks Emperatriz when her parents are returning. She thinks her home is beautiful and doesn’t understand why her parents need to be in the States. That night, Reyna sleeps with Emperatriz and thinks about her mother. She wishes she had a photo of her because she’s afraid she’s forgetting what she looks like.
On the last day of school, Emperatriz promises to take Reyna and her siblings to the movies. Reyna is thrilled, but her mood changes when she gets home and sees a strange lady and a baby outside Evila’s house. She’s shocked to discover the woman is Mami and the baby is her new sister, Betty. Mami says she’s back for good and that they’re leaving Evila’s for Abuela Chinta’s.
The siblings have countless questions for Mami. However, she sends Mago and Carlos out to play when they arrive at Chinta’s shack. Mago refuses to care for Betty, insisting she’s Mami’s daughter and not her sister. Mami drops Betty in Reyna’s lap and starts helping Chinta with dinner. Reyna wants to like Betty but sees her as a stranger.
Meanwhile, she eavesdrops on Mami and Chinta’s conversation. Mami rants about Papi, who she says left her for another woman. Shocked, Reyna interrupts. Furious that Reyna is snooping, Mami throws her outside. Reyna races out to Mago and Carlos and bursts into tears. They try comforting her, but Reyna is afraid to tell them what they heard. She sees Mami in the doorway and tells herself she’s not the same mother who left them.
Mami starts selling snacks at La Quinta Castrejón, an establishment where wealthy people host parties. She takes the children with her, hoping to win customers’ sympathy. However, she has to leave Betty at home because she gets sick easily.
One day, she tells the children that Papi helped build La Quinta’s pool and that they swam there together once. She brushes the memory aside when it starts pouring.
The opening chapters of Reyna Grande’s memoir introduce the primary conflicts, stakes, and tensions of Reyna’s world. Reyna is the protagonist and the first-person narrator, which means that the narrative reflects her own feelings and point-of-view as she navigates the events of her life. She is just a child at the start of Part 1, and therefore doesn’t understand all of the complications that she and her family are facing. Her questions about her home and family life create a tense and mysterious narrative atmosphere, introducing the theme of The Challenges of Family Separation and Reunification.
Reyna knows that her mother is leaving for the United States, “a place that [has] already taken [her] father” (1), but struggles to understand why her parents need to leave her and her siblings behind to make a better life for them. Her parents’ absence is a part of Reyna and her family’s immigrant experience. It is also the beginning of Reyna and her siblings’ family troubles. Reyna, Mago, and Carlos are still growing up when they’re forced to move in with their father’s mother, Abuela Evila. They’re staying with family, but they long for their parents’ presence in their lives. Their family’s separation unsettles Reyna’s sense of home and belonging, undermining her safety and security from a young age. She is in turn forced to rely on Mago for strength and comfort. These complex familial dynamics therefore act as the primary conflicts of Reyna’s story and introduce the key struggles that Reyna will face throughout her childhood.
Reyna and her siblings rely on stories, dreams, and their imaginations to survive their difficult life with Abuela Evila, reflecting The Power of Education and Storytelling in their lives. Since Mami and Papi haven’t given them much information about where they’re going, why they’re going, and how long they’ll be away, Reyna, Mago and Carlos must invent reasons of their own to understand their situation. They often dream up the house that Papi will someday build for them. They play in the abandoned car in the empty lot, inventing a game where they’re also leaving Mexico and traveling to the United States.
Reyna frequently talks to her father’s photograph, asking him questions and hoping for answers (See: Symbols & Motifs). Meanwhile, she imagines that her parents are “on the other side of the Mountain That Has a Headache” (27) and reminds herself that she’s always connected to Mami by her belly button (See: Symbols & Motifs). She and her siblings also look for reminders of Mami and Papi in the scents they encounter throughout Iguala. These pastimes, activities, and games convey how desperately Reyna, Mago, and Carlos miss their parents. They also illustrate the ways in which the children learn to rely on stories and their imagination to explain what’s happening to them and to find a logical reason for why their parents have left them behind. These pastimes grant them temporary peace of mind and allow them to feel a sense of control over their circumstances that they otherwise don’t have or feel.
Mami’s return at the end of this section marks a turning point in Reyna and her siblings’ lives. For over a year, the children have had to live with their harsh grandmother without any idea of when their parents will come back for them. They have meanwhile become terrified that Papi will never build them the dream house and that Mami and Papi are going to replace them with new children, leave them in Mexico forever, and “forget all about [them]” (29). Mami’s return to Iguala in Chapter 10 temporarily renews the children’s hope. However, when they learn that Papi has left Mami for another woman and that he isn’t returning to his family, they begin to realize that their family situation isn’t getting better.
Reuniting with their mother doesn’t lead them to an easier life free of worry, either. This reunification in fact introduces another series of difficulties, as Mami doesn’t seem like “the same woman [who] left” (68). Mami is indeed heartbroken, but she’s also facing new money problems. Without Papi’s help, she must care for four children on her own in a city where finding a job is difficult. These practical concerns threaten the family’s dreams and foreshadow new tensions between Reyna, Mago, Carlos, and their mother.
By Reyna Grande