79 pages • 2 hours read
Erik LarsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Prologue
Part 1, Chapters 1-3
Part 1, Chapters 4-6
Part 1, Chapters 7-10
Part 2, Chapters 1-3
Part 2, Chapters 4-6
Part 2, Chapters 7-9
Part 2, Chapters 10-12
Part 2, Chapters 13-15
Part 3, Chapters 1-3
Part 3, Chapters 4-6
Part 3, Chapters 7-9
Part 3, Chapters 10-12
Part 3, Chapters 13-15
Part 3, Chapters 16-19
Part 3, Chapters 20-22
Part 4, Chapter 1
Part 4, Chapters 2-4
Part 4, Chapters 5-6
Epilogue
Key Figures
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Book Club Questions
Tools
The fair also had an impact on the national consciousness, informing Disneyland, the creation of Oz, and the designs of Frank Lloyd Wright. The Ferris wheel, AC lamps, and shredded wheat were among the inventions first seen at the fair. Neoclassicism continues to pervade as an architectural style, and the White City became a model for civil planning. The Palace of Fine Arts still stands in Jackson Park. Burnham left his mark on other cities, while Louis Sullivan was initially less successful. Wright befriended Sullivan and as their celebrity rose, Burnham’s waned. Even though they had formerly rejected him, Harvard and Yale granted Burnham honorary degrees. Among his designs was New York’s Flatiron Building, constructed in 1901. He also socialized with the Wrights.
Olmsted and his family became increasingly aware of his dementia. He was housed at McClean Asylum in Massachusetts. Ferris’ wheel was relocated, though it was some years before it would again be a commercial success. Its designer died at 37 of typhoid fever. Sol Bloom lost all his money on a failed business venture, but he went on to craft the charter behind the United Nations and became a congressman. Buffalo Bill lost all his money and his alienation from his wife was pronounced. Dora Root remained a close friend of Burnham’s. Alfred Trude acted as prosecution at Prendergast’s trial. Prendergast sent Trude postcards throughout the trial but was nonetheless sentenced to death.
Holmes interrupted the gory testimonies of the prosecution to request a lunch break. Mrs. Pitezel broke down when asked to identify her children’s handwriting. As he awaited execution, Holmes prepared a long confession, once again largely fallacious, though his description of the Pitezel children’s deaths appears accurate. Holmes’ guards were sad to see him hanged. His brain was kept from medical science, and his body, encased in concrete according to his wishes, was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery. Strange things happened after his death: Geyer became seriously ill; the warden of Moyamensing prison committed suicide; the jury foreman was electrocuted; Emeline Cigrand’s father was burned in a boiler explosion; and a fire destroyed Attorney George Graham’s office, leaving only a photograph of Holmes unburned. In 1997, a copycat named Michael Swango was arrested.
On board the Olympic, Burnham waited for news of Millet’s ship, the Titanic. Another vessel had intercepted the sunken ship. The extent of the Titanic tragedy surfaced, and Burnham lost his friend. Burnham died less than 50 days later. His widow died years later in 1945, and they are buried together near John Root in Graceland Chicago.
In these final chapters, Larson reprises the theme of the cataclysmic nature of great moments of history. The Titanic sinks, and Holmes and Burnham die. Holmes appears to stage a paranormal return as a ghost, or at least as a legend, in the same way that the Titanic’s sinking and the deeds of Burnham and Holmes would echo throughout history. Great events are ghostlike in the sense that they live on in the culture. Just like the Titanic, the bodies of Burnham and Holmes find their final resting place. However, this finality is interrupted by the lingering awareness of Holmes’ many victims, which returns to haunt the reader once more. While Holmes meets with the death penalty for his crimes, the words in his diary suggest that for him his end was an apotheosis into an archetype: “I believe fully that I am growing to resemble the devil—that the similitude is almost completed” (385). In this, Holmes claims to have transcended not only life but narrative itself. Larson cites the copycat killer, Michael Swango, who later wrote of Holmes: “He could look at himself in a mirror and tell himself that he was one of the most powerful and dangerous men in the world […] He could feel that he was a god in disguise” (387). This the killer and the leader have in common with the writer, and it is Larson’s final achievement to empathically draw his readers into terrible proximity with both the brightest and the darkest parts of human nature.
By Erik Larson