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56 pages 1 hour read

Frederick Forsyth

The Day of the Jackal

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1971

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Part 1, Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Anatomy of a Plot”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

On 11 March, 1963, Lieutenant-Colonel Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry, the leader of a gang of Secret Army Organization assassins who plotted to kill French leader Charles de Gaulle, is executed by firing squad. The Secret Army Organization is comprised of French nationalists who have sworn enmity against de Gaulle, who they feel has betrayed France by granting independence to the former French colony of Algeria. Bastien-Thiry led a failed operation on 22 August, 1962. He and a group of gunmen attempted to ambush de Gaulle’s motorcade but were undone by the failing light, as Bastien-Thiry mistook the timing of dusk. De Gaulle and his wife escaped unhurt while the secret services launches “the biggest police operation in French history” (11).

Service Five is a subgroup of the Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage, also known as SDECE. While other subgroups are dedicated to regions or areas of the economy, Service Five is dedicated to “Action” (13). Staffed mainly by tough, ruthless Corsicans, the Action Service mounted a manhunt for Bastien-Thiry and his associates. As the Secret Army Organization launched further plots against de Gaulle, a secret “undercover war” (14) was waged against them by the Action Service. At the same time, the OAS launched a propaganda operation led by Colonel Antoine Argoud, a highly respected member of the French military who was decorated in World War II and the battle against Algerian independence. Argoud’s intelligence, charm, and respectability made him “the most dangerous man in the OAS” (15), as he organized media appearances to convey his group’s dissatisfaction with de Gaulle in a reasonable manner through more respectable proxies.

On 14 February, 1963, another assassination attempt against de Gaulle was foiled. De Gaulle complained that “this assassination business has gone far enough” (16). As Bastien-Thiry was condemned to death, Argoud was apprehended by the Action Service in Germany and returned to France. With Argoud in custody, the OAS came into the command of the “equally astute” (17) Lieutenant-Colonel Marc Rodin. Bastien-Thiry was led into the courtyard of a military prison. He went confidently to the firing squad, believing that “no squad of Frenchmen w[ould] raise their rifles against [him]” (18). He was killed. As reports of his execution reached the media, Marc Rodin listened in a small hotel room in Austria.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

In his hotel room in Austria, Rodin devises a plan. He differs from his predecessor in almost every way. As the son of a cobbler, he rose through the ranks of the military by hard graft. Tough campaigns in Vietnam and Algeria left him with a deep loathing of communism and de Gaulle. At first, he was convinced that de Gaulle would deal with the Algerian issue. When de Gaulle offered Algeria independence, he felt betrayed. Alongside many other spurned officers, he participated in an uprising that was quickly put down by de Gaulle. Leaving behind a string of atrocities in Algeria, Rodin returned to France and became deputy to Argoud in 1961. He is organized, cunning, and shrewd. He is as “bigoted” (24) as other members of OAS but possesses a dangerous practicality and logic. Every plan he devises to kill de Gaulle fails, which Rodin attributes to the lack of security following the Action Service’s penetration of the OAS. With morale collapsing and funds dwindling, he feels the need to act. He settles on the prospect of “a man who is not known” (25).

An unnamed Englishman returns to London from Beirut, where he has killed two German missile engineers from the Egyptian government. He has been paid by “a Zionist millionaire in New York” (27).

Almost three months later, Rodin’s search is over. He summons René Montclair and André Casson. They arrive at the hotel room in Austria, where Rodin is staying under a false name. First to arrive is Casson, a civilian who worked as a bank manager in Algeria before turning radical when de Gaulle granted independence to the colony. Now, he coordinates the underground OAS movement in France. Casson is briefly delayed by the looming presence of Viktor Kowalski in the hallway. Kowalski is Rodin’s bodyguard. After Casson is let into the hotel room, they wait for Montclair. René Montclair worked for the French Foreign Legion; his son was brutally killed in Algeria. Both Montclair and Casson are “hardliners even among the OAS” (30). Rodin reveals his plan to Montclair and Casson: OAS has been compromised following their failures to kill de Gaulle, whom they refer to derogatorily as Grand Zohra. Rodin’s solution is simple: they will hire “a professional assassin, a mercenary” (33). He has researched candidates and, they all agree that the best choice is an unnamed Englishman. Rodin does not want to involve the rest of OAS, as he fears for the operation’s security. They agree to schedule a meeting with the Englishman, even though he will “not be cheap” (38).

The blond Englishman receives a telegram through a French intermediary. The intermediary is a nervous young man who accompanies the Englishman to Vienna. The Englishman arrives at the Austrian hotel and immediately notices Kowalski’s presence. After Kowalski is removed from the hallway, he sits for an interview with Rodin, Casson, and Montclair. He knows their identities and guesses their desire. Rodin appreciates the calculating, controlled demeanor of the Englishman, who outlines the difficulty that will face de Gaulle’s assassin: The failed attempts on de Gaulle’s life have raised security to such a point that the assassination will need to be very expensive. Should he take the contract, he would require enough money to retire and hire lifelong protection. His blunt criticisms of the idealistic OAS insult Casson and Montclair, but Rodin is impressed. Nevertheless, he is taken aback by the Englishman’s demand for half a million dollars to kill Charles de Gaulle. The Englishman notes that, since the OAS presumes to “get France itself” (47), then they are buying their country very cheaply. They come to a provisional agreement. The Englishman comes up with his own code name: the Jackal. He will work alone and in secret, having only a single point of contact for the OAS, which he will use at his discretion. The fee will be paid half up front and half on completion. The next day, he flies back to London, leaving the three OAS men to figure out how to raise such an enormous amount of money.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

A crime spree erupts across France in June and July, 1963. After interrogating the suspects, the police believe that OAS is behind the robberies of banks and jewelers because they need money fast. General Guibaud, the head of the SDECE, learns that Rodin, Montclair, and Casson have secured themselves inside the penthouse suite of an expensive hotel in Rome. They never leave the building; only trips by Kowalski to the post office connect them to the outside world.

The Jackal ponders how to kill Charles de Gaulle. He studies materials about de Gaulle’s life, finding a French newspaper article that suggests that—due to his personality—there will be a time and place when de Gaulle will almost certainly “stand up publicly and show himself” (56). Since de Gaulle’s security detail is among the best in the world, the Jackal constructs a detailed plan. He waits at a London airport and studies the passengers. Selecting a middle-aged Danish priest, he quietly steals the priest’s passport. He also steals the grip case of a traveling American student, which contains a passport. The Jackal purchases a selection of clothes and hair dyes in London. Next, the Jackal tours a country graveyard and the local parish records for the name of a dead child. He has a real passport made in the name of Alexander Duggan using stolen documents and forged application papers. He destroys any remaining documents and, with a briefcase containing a large sum of hidden cash, travels to Copenhagen and then Brussels.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

Paul Goosens is an illegal arms supplier who operates from a small workshop in Brussels. Though he worked with the Resistance during World War II and his work is exemplary, he was accused of embezzling money and sentenced to prison. After his wife divorced him, he made a living by supplying guns to Belgium’s criminal underworld. The Jackal reaches out to him through a contact, and they arrange a meeting. The Jackal wants Goosens to make him a special rifle that can be easily assembled and disassembled. He wants to kill a man standing still at a range of 130 meters. The rifle will need to be silenced, and the Jackal does not believe that he will have the opportunity for more than one shot. The Jackal appreciates the careful, professional way that Goosens thinks about the “work of art” (73). They agree on a price, and the Jackal sets a date for collection. At the end of the meeting, the Jackal drops his amicable façade and issues a cold, direct threat to Goosens in anticipation of any betrayal. Goosens feels a tingle of fear.

Next, the Jackal meets a Belgian forger. He poses as Alexander Duggan and asks for a new driving license and two French documents. The first is an identity card, the second is unnamed but, based on the forger’s reaction, it is challenging. Nevertheless, they set a price, and the Jackal agrees to return on the same date as the rifle collection. They take a series of passport photographs in the forger’s studio. The forger applies make up and has the Jackal dress in disguises, then offers advice on how to match the photograph in which he seems considerably older. As they part ways, the Jackal issues the threat again: If the forger tries to betray him in anyway, then he “will die” (80). The Jackal flies to Paris.

Colonel Rolland, the head of the Action Service, examines two reports. The first details the attempts to surveil Rodin, Montclair, and Casson at the hotel in Rome. The team has been unable to intercept the mail collected each day by Kowalski. In the second report, a former colleague of Kowalski—a Hungarian OAS “thug” (83) named Sandor Kovacs—has been apprehended in Metz. Rolland announces that he has a plan and assembles a team.

Part 1, Chapters 1-4 Analysis

The Day of the Jackal is a novel about an assassination attempt. In this section, the narrative opens with an execution in the wake of a separate attempt, as Bastien-Thiry is put to the firing squad having failed to kill Charles de Gaulle. The narrative structure introduces Bastien-Thiry’s execution before describing the failed assassination attempt, creating a sense of fatalism and inevitability to the OAS’s campaign. Their political resentment, driven by their view of de Gaulle’s betrayal of France through the Algerian independence, clouds their judgment and consumes them, leading to repeated failures. Bastien-Thiry’s attempt, like all the OAS attempts, fails because he is too emotional to approach the matter in a careful, considered way. His execution is inevitable, in the sense of both the narrative and fate. Bastien-Thiry’s delusion is confirmed when he incorrectly predicts that no French soldier will ever be part of a firing squad in his execution. This misplaced confidence highlights the theme of The Consequences of Hubris, a trait that undermines characters throughout the novel, contrasting starkly with the methodical approach of more effective figures like the Jackal. Just as the narrative structure’s Bastien-Thiry’s attempt to demonstrate the reason for his failure, the narrative frontloads these failed attempts by the OAS to function as a point of contrast and a justification for the dispassionate, methodical approach of the Jackal. By portraying the many failures of the OAS, the novel establishes exactly why the Jackal is necessary.

The professionalism of the Jackal stands in stark contrast to the failures of the OAS and can be seen as part of The Rise of Meticulous Men in contrast to emotional, resentful men. After Bastien-Thiry’s attempt failed because he misunderstood the time of the sunset, the meticulous way in which the Jackal plans his mission—right down to refusing to share his name with anyone—illustrates why a different approach is key to the task. The Jackal’s refusal to divulge personal information signifies not just a professional detachment, but a rejection of the emotional entanglements that lead others to failure. Ironically, for a cadre of former soldiers, the OAS are unable to adequately plan a military operation on home soil. This ironic failure highlights The Consequences of Hubris and personal resentment clouding strategic judgment. They must turn to a foreigner to save their country, “buying France” rather than taking power in any democratic sense. The presentation of the Jackal in contrast to the OAS is almost a fetishization of professionalism: From his initial meeting with the OAS heads to his visits to the armorer and the forger, he knows every detail of his plan. The detailed descriptions of the Jackal’s methods emphasize his precision and serve as a narrative homage to professionalism over passion. The novel also establishes the care he takes over research: After the blood and thunder of the OAS’s repeated failures, the cool, practical approach of the Jackal seems much more dangerous to de Gaulle. His meticulousness, devoid of emotional distractions, signifies the changing of an era where efficiency and logic overpower sentiment and ideology.

In contrast, Colonel Rolland’s adherence to the traditional heroic archetype showcases the fading relevance of such figures in the new, modern era of meticulous men. In Part 1 of the novel, the Jackal’s primary opponent seems to be Rolland. The dashing French officer is proactive, daring, and enjoys the respect of his fellow officers. Faced up against the Jackal’s methodical professionalism, however, he can do nothing. Rolland enters the fray with the almost-hubristic belief that he will foil yet another OAS plot. His confidence echoes the misguided self-assurance of men like Bastien-Thiry and foreshadows the eventual downfall of characters who cling to outdated ideals. He is chastened by his inability to find out anything about the new plot, however, which establishes the way in which the novel will confront the traditional roles of hero and villain. This is a new era, The Rise of Meticulous Men, and the traditional heroes are consigned to the past. Colonel Rolland functions as a point of contrast for Lebel’s inevitable entry, highlighting why the conventional hero archetypes no longer function in a modern world of covert strategy and political espionage. Rolland is not an ineffective man: He is simply the wrong man for this mission at this particular time. This thematic contrast between Rolland’s traditional heroism and the emerging meticulousness of characters like the Jackal and Lebel underscores the novel’s broader commentary on evolving social hierarchies and competencies.

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By Frederick Forsyth