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62 pages 2 hours read

Liu Cixin, Transl. Joel Martinsen

The Dark Forest

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2008

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “The Spell”

Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary: “Year 8, Crisis Era”

The Wallfacers are growing in celebrity as humanity invests more hope in their plans. Tyler, however, is the first to be confronted by his Wallfacer. He visits Luo Ji and Zhuang Yan at their secret house and meets their child, Xia Xia. While Zhuang Yan and Xia Xia make dinner, Tyler tells Luo Ji of the Wallbreaker. The Wallbreaker found him and reveals that he knew Tyler’s real secret plan. This was to use the ETO fleet to bomb the Earth fleet, signaling to the Trisolar fleet that they wanted peace. They would then offer water collected from the moons of Jupiter to the Trisolarans, lulling the Trisolarans into a sense of trust. Approaching as if to give water, Tyler would destroy the Trisolaran fleet.

Tyler’s plans have now been leaked to the press. The PDC assures the public that no Wallbreaker plans will harm humanity and that the revealed plan is a deliberate ruse. The PDC do not believe that this can be Tyler’s genuine plan. In distress, Tyler has sought out Luo Ji. Luo Ji listens to his story and invites him to dinner. Tyler asks to take a walk alone by the lake first, where he ends his life by suicide. Luo Ji returns to the house and assures Zhuang Yan that their happy life together is a part of his plan, as her doubts begin to mount.

It is decided that Luo Ji must attend the next PDC meeting and that he must meet his Wallfacer responsibilities. Rey Diaz and Hines have failed in their plans and will hibernate until the technology they need develops. Luo Ji wakes one morning to find Zhuang Yan and Xia Xia gone. They are hibernating. UN Secretary General Say tells Luo Ji that this is intended to force Luo Ji to embrace his Wallfacer role. She informs him that he is the most important Wallbreaker because he is the only human that Trisolaris has tried to kill. The car crash that killed his lover was an assassination attempt, as was the shooting. They do not yet know why he is so important to the Trisolarans. Say challenges him to be his own Wallbreaker and discover his purpose.

Zhang Beihai expresses concerns about technological progress and suggests sending people into the future to be political reinforcements for future generations. His suggestion is considered and approved although put on hold as other avenues are pursued. He is deployed to the International Space Station and, on his journey, he sits next to Ding Yi, who explains in detail how the sophons are inhibiting research on Earth.

General Fitzroy and his team keep track of the Trisolar fleet but must wait long periods of time between observations because of the distance in space-time. They are waiting for the fleet to pass through another dust cloud so that they can track it.

Luo Ji obsesses over his meeting with Ye Wenjie years ago and her suggestion that he study “cosmic sociology.” He feels that her comments are key to his plan. These were observations about civilization constantly striving to survive and that, despite civilizations expanding, the total matter of the universe remains constant. As he thinks, he walks out onto the frozen lake by his house and gazes at the stars. The ice cracks and he falls in: simultaneously, he has an epiphany. He finds his inner Wallbreaker and develops a phobia of the stars.

After requesting a new home base, Luo Ji is moved to the underground bunker that Shi Qiang once took him to. He requests that Dr. Ringier join him and asks that Ringier make a star map for him that locates star 187J3X1 in the galaxy. The star is about 50 light years away and none of its planets are suspected of sustaining life. He then requests a PDC meeting but will only attend via video, concerned for his safety.

The ETO meets in Three Body and Qin Shi Huang shares that Trisolaris has ordered another assassination attempt on Luo Ji. They won’t share why they need him killed but some ETO members believe that Luo Ji is a mouthpiece for another power and poses a real threat to the Trisolarans.

At the PDC meeting, Luo Ji explains that he will reveal the location of star 187J3X1 to the universe and see what happens. He will not explain what he expects to happen or why he would do such a thing but asserts that he will hibernate until the effects of his “spell” show. He expects to hibernate for 100 years or so and says that the real application of his plans, if confirmed, will wait for the Doomsday Battle. Before Luo Ji can hibernate, he catches flu and becomes very sick. The PDC discovers that the strain of flu is a bioweapon aimed specifically at Luo Ji and that it is turning his blood toxic. They hibernate him as quickly as possible, hoping to cure him in the future. They amplify his “spell” through the sun, sending it into the universe.

Part 2, Chapter 3 Summary: “Year 12, Crisis Era”

Fitzroy and Ringier observe images of the Trisolar fleet. They determine probes sent out by the ships, travelling faster than the rest of the fleet. The team suspects the probes’ launch date to be the same as the announcement of Luo Ji’s Wallfacer plans. Fitzroy calls Luo Ji “God.”

Yang Jinwen, Miao Fuquan, and Zhang Yuanchao watch the test of Tianti III, the third space elevator, on television. Zhang Yuanchao’s son brings him his new ration cards and the three discuss the trying times ahead of them, comparing the stringent restriction of resources to other difficult times in Chinese history. They turn to the future and their own deaths. Yang Jinwen’s son works in space and Yang Jinwen has it arranged so that his remains will be shot out into space. Miao Fuquan will have his buried deep in a mine. Both want their remains untouched by Trisolaris.

Zhang Beihai visits Ding Yi to convince him to slow fusion research for space travel in order to not imbalance research. He doesn’t want resources and time to be split and hinder his preferred method of research. His plan to send political cadres as reinforcements to the future is approved and the program begins. He buys three iron meteorites with which he makes 32 bullets. These bullets can pierce a space suit and shatter upon impact. With the bullets, he travels through space to the Yellow River Station and assassinates three scientific figures and two bystanders in what he hopes looks like a chance meteor shower. He hopes that the deaths of the scientists will cause his alternative scientific method to become the primary point of research.

The ETO discuss Beihai’s actions in Three Body and assert that defeatism is more dangerous than triumphalism to their goals. Defeatism creates a desperation harder to control than the short-sighted belief in victory. Meanwhile, Chang Weisi bids farewell to Zhang Beihai, who, along with others, will now hibernate for the future. He admires Zhang Beihai’s firm faith in their victory but truly doesn’t understand where his beliefs come from, and now, he never will.

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “Year 20, Crisis Era”

Hines and Rey Diaz wake from hibernation after 8 years because large investments have helped develop their projects quickly. Hines meets with his wife Keiko Yamasuki, another brilliant neuroscientist, who tells him that while their early designs failed, they were able to make a holographic map of the brain to locate critical thinking. They visit one of the test subjects, Subject 104, who develops a fear of water after answering false to one of the project’s prompts about whether water is toxic or not. Not understanding how this happens, Hines tests it himself and develops a fear of water as well.

Their discovery leads Hines to suggest that PDC use this research to reprogram soldiers’ brains away from defeatism, like his brain was reprogrammed to fear water. At the next PDC hearing, Hines’ proposed “mental seal” is met with steep opposition. Members see it as an invasion of free will and a violation of human rights. The PDC vote to only make it available to military personnel on a volunteer basis.

Hines and Keiko open a Faith Center to attract volunteers outside of the UN but receive no visitors until the third day. Their first volunteer is a drunk man wanting a seal that will convince him that his wife is not cheating on him. After they throw him out, Wu Yue arrives, looking to gain peace rather than overcome his defeatism. Hines refuses, but sympathizes with him, showing him that he almost sealed himself with the belief that God is dead. On the fourth day, soldiers come to obtain the seal and they find that it works. With their plan in place, Keiko and Hines decide to hibernate until the probes arrive. As they freeze, Keiko has an epiphany. No one notices and she is hibernated, delaying her breakthrough.

As the only Wallfacer not dead or hibernating, Rey Diaz requests his bomb be tested underground on Mercury at a PDC hearing. He not only wants to test its effectiveness but also clear room for a military base in case of a last stand against the Trisolarans. His next request shocks the PDC, as he asks for 1,000,000 hydrogen bombs. Without the resources to complete this request, the representatives from the US, the UK, and France put forward a resolution to cut off his funding. They are unsuccessful and his plan goes forward. They are unable to dig as deeply as they want to on Mercury, meaning that rock is ejected into orbit, creating a ring around Mercury. This show of force impresses the PDC, who seek to make more bombs.

In his bunker, hiding from the sun, Rey Diaz is confronted by his Wallbreaker who is posing as a psychiatrist. He reveals Rey Diaz’s plan to use the bombs to propel Mercury into the sun, causing it to spew stellar matter, cooking the other terrestrial planets and pulling them in, growing the stellar matter field until the entire solar system is sucked into the sun and destroyed. This would doom both the human and Trisolar civilizations to certain death. Rey Diaz would use this threat of mutually assured destruction to win a victory for humanity, forcing the Trisolar fleet to abandon their invasion. His plan is the source of his fear of the sun. The Wallbreaker saw through his plans because of the tests on Mercury, although it would not be possible to make enough bombs to see the plan come to fruition. Rey Diaz attacks his Wallbreaker and nearly kills him before his guards pull him off.

At the subsequent PDC hearing, Rey Diaz’s is stripped of his power as a Wallfacer, and some representatives even want to try him for crimes against humanity. Before it can escalate, Rey Diaz informs the PDC that he has a kill switch on his watch that will detonate a bomb somewhere in NYC if he so chooses and that only he can stop it. Rey Diaz demands that he be allowed to return home safely and, with his plan officially ended, his fear of the sun dissipates. He is escorted to Venezuela, where he reveal that there is no kill switch or bomb. On the streets of Venezuela, Rey Diaz is stoned to death by his people for his future crimes against humanity.

As the 22nd century passes, characters who are not in hibernation live out their lives and die naturally. New humans are born.

Part 2 Analysis

The second part of The Dark Forest is shaped by the rise and fall of the Wallfacers as their plans begin to take shape and dissolve in the face of the destructive force of the Wallbreakers. This is an intensely human and well-matched struggle, exploring human expressions of ambition, ideology, loyalty, and betrayal.

When Frederick Tyler and Manuel Rey Diaz are exposed by Wallbreakers and fail, they meet reprisals and violent ends from the public they have attempted to save. These tragic tales are suggestive of an intersection with the trilogy’s previous treatment of the Cultural Revolution, reflecting the human capacity for reprisals, blame, and cruelty in the face of disappointment.

While Luo Ji’s Wallfacer plan develops into an informational attack and Hines’ focuses on the development of the brain, Wallfacer Rey Diaz formulates a military plan. To the public, his plan focuses on creating powerful hydrogen bombs, presumably to deploy against the Trisolaran fleet. However, his true plan is one based around the principle of Survival Through Mutually Assured Destruction. His Wallbreaker explains to him that he would use the hydrogen bombs to propel Mercury into the sun, which would expel stellar matter into the solar system and make it completely uninhabitable. His plan has only two possible outcomes:

This is your strategy: death for both sides. Once everything is prepared, with all of the stellar hydrogen bombs in place on Mercury, you will use it to coerce Trisolaris to surrender and gain the ultimate victory for humanity (292).

Rey Diaz aims to threaten Trisolaris with certain death at the expense of the demise of human civilization in hopes that they would choose another path aside from the destruction of both civilizations. Therefore, either humanity achieves total victory or total defeat. By using Survival Through Mutually Assured Destruction, Rey Diaz gambles humanity’s survival but assures Trisolaris’s defeat, as the situation would require them to negotiate with humanity in order to survive their voyage and eventual destruction of their home planet. Rey Diaz’s plan is not feasible because of resource limitations, but the philosophy behind it is one that merits results.

Rey Diaz never sees his plan come to fruition and doesn’t even make it to the Doomsday Battle but does employ the philosophy of Survival Through Mutually Assured Destruction to escape responsibility for his future crimes against humanity. When the PDC wants to punish him, he claims to have a kill switch that when activated, will detonate a bomb in New York City, killing himself and the rest of the PDC in the process. He uses this to gain safe passage to his homeland of Venezuela:

I was taught this wonderful idea not by an expert in nuclear strategy but by an American film. In it, a man has one of these gadgets that sends out a continuous signal, but if his heart stops beating, the signal is terminated. Another man has a bomb strapped to him that’s impossible to remove, and if the bomb doesn’t receive the signal, it’ll explode. So even though this hapless fool doesn’t like the first guy, he has to do everything to protect him (298).

Rey Diaz uses Survival Through Mutually Assured Destruction to ensure his own safety by threatening the lives of those around him. These people, like the civilizations described in Ye Wenjie’s philosophy of “cosmic sociology,” have survival as their priority and therefore act in a way that will ensure their survival. They grant Rey Diaz his demands and send him on his way, presumably saving their lives at the expense of holding him accountable.

The deaths of Tyler and Rey Diaz also place more narrative focus on Luo Ji, as one of only two remaining Wallbreakers. The novel sets up the expectation that he will need to engage with the project, alongside suspense about how this might happen. Instead, the narrative makes the reader wait, developing the character of Luo Ji and his relationship with Zhuang Yan. While their relationship may begin as a ruse and abuse of Wallfacer power and resources, Zhuang Yan and Luo Ji truly fall in love and live happy lives. As their relationship blossoms, Luo Ji begins to believe that they can communicate with each other through mere looks:

Zhuang Yan stared silently at him. The language of facial expressions she had envisioned in front of the Mona Lisa five years ago seemed to have been partially realized between her and Luo Ji. More and more, he could read her mind through her eyes, and what he read now was, ‘How can I believe that?’ (203).

The strength of their relationship is representative of humanity’s strength: Expressive Communication is made more possible as their relationship develops, and they come to understand each other more deeply. Luo Ji can read Zhuang Yan’s thoughts through her face and eyes. In this situation, he can see that she doubts her role in the Wallfacer Project, and he soon works to restore her faith in it. While Luo Ji can glean information from others, this level of communication comes from their close relationship, showing that love, another concept Trisolarans struggle with, opens the door for an advantage over humanity’s enemies.

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