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47 pages 1 hour read

Michael Easter

The Comfort Crisis: Embrace Discomfort to Reclaim Your Wild, Happy, Healthy Self

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 2021

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Part 5-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 5: “Carry the Load.”

Part 5, Chapter 19 Summary: “100+ Pounds”

Easter describes the physically grueling task of packing and transporting the remains of the caribou over a challenging five-mile trek back to camp. He was assigned the heaviest load, including the caribou’s head and a hindquarter, resulting in a pack weighing between 90 and 110 pounds. The difficulty of shouldering such weight was compounded by the varied terrain the group had to navigate, including uphill climbs and potentially slippery conditions due to incoming snow.

Throughout the journey, Easter reflected on the intense physical strain and the necessity of finding a rhythm in his breathing and steps to cope with the pain and exhaustion. This experience prompted him to consider the physicality of ancient humans, who were habituated to such strenuous activities as part of their daily survival. He contrasts this with the relatively sedentary lifestyle of modern humans, noting the disparity in physical fitness and endurance.

Easter discusses the evolution of human fitness from the era of hunter-gatherers to the advent of farming and the Industrial Revolution, leading to the modern day, when physical activity is often compartmentalized into gym workouts. He touches on the concept that traditional hunter-gatherer activities provided not only physical exercise but also cognitive stimulation, something that is often lacking in modern workout routines.

As Easter and his companions continued their arduous journey, they encountered wildlife such as Dall sheep and were reminded of the raw and untouched nature of their surroundings. The chapter concludes with the group nearing their destination, enduring the physical challenges, and drawing on their mental fortitude to complete the task.

Part 5, Chapter 20 Summary: “≤50 Pounds”

Easter explores the evolutionary and historical significance of carrying weight (“rucking”) and its impact on human development and fitness. The author discusses how our ancestors’ ability to walk upright and carry objects was crucial for survival, providing an evolutionary advantage. This capacity for carrying contrasts with the inefficiencies observed in other primates, highlighting humans’ unique adaptation for endurance and strength.

Easter introduces the research of Dan Lieberman, an anthropologist at Harvard University who studies human evolution in relation to physical activity. Lieberman suggests that while humans may not be the strongest compared to other species, our endurance and ability to carry significant loads over long distances played a vital role in our evolution.

Easter then turns to Jason McCarthy, a former Green Beret who founded GORUCK, a company that makes rugged backpacks. McCarthy’s experience in the military with rucking influenced his business and fitness philosophy. He advocates for the benefits of rucking as a form of exercise that combines strength and cardio and is accessible to a wide range of people.

Easter details the physiological and health benefits of rucking, citing studies and expert opinions that show it to be a low-risk, high-reward exercise that improves cardiovascular fitness, strength, and endurance. It’s also a social activity that connects people to a fundamental human experience, linking back to our evolutionary roots. Easter writes that activities like rucking counteract the sedentary tendencies of contemporary society, promoting overall health and fitness. He argues for a balanced approach to exercise, integrating both strength and endurance training to maintain optimal health and well-being.

Part 5, Chapter 21 Summary: “80 Percent”

Easter describes arriving back at the teepee with Donnie and William, exhausted from their strenuous journey. Easter, feeling a sense of relief and euphoria from the endorphin rush, collapsed into a patch of moss, feeling almost weightless after shedding the heavy burden of the caribou. William cut the meat into steaks and medallions, and they cooked it with seasonings and onions. Easter describes the meal as exceptionally delicious, attributing the flavor not just to the cooking but also to the context—the hard work and effort that went into obtaining the meat.

Easter reflects on how contemporary lifestyles, characterized by prolonged sitting and lack of diverse physical activities, contrast with the constant movement and variety of physical exertion experienced during the hunt. He emphasizes how modern comforts have led to a range of health issues, including back pain and general physical decline. Easter also discusses conversations with experts like Kelly Starrett and Katy Bowman, who highlight the problems arising from modern sedentary lifestyles and the benefits of reintroducing natural movements and physical challenges into daily life.

Epilogue Summary: “81.2 Years”

Easter reflects on the impact of his month-long hunting trip in Alaska and its implications on his understanding of human resilience and longevity. The trip presented numerous challenges akin to misogi, offering experiences that could not be replicated in contemporary Western society. The author and his companions faced harsh weather, encountered grizzlies and other wildlife, and witnessed a remarkable caribou migration.

Upon returning to civilization, he experienced a heightened awareness of and appreciation for modern comforts and conveniences. This transition prompted him to contemplate the effects of comfort and discomfort on human health and well-being. He explored various studies and theories related to human adaptation to extreme conditions, such as the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that overly sanitized lifestyles in the West might contribute to increased susceptibility to chronic diseases.

Easter details the unique genetic and environmental factors contributing to the remarkable longevity of certain populations, such as the Icelandic people. He discusses the work of Dr. Kari Stefansson, who investigates genetic factors that contribute to the Icelanders’ longevity, potentially shaped by their challenging environment.

The narrative touches on the importance of diverse experiences and challenges in enriching life and slowing down the perception of time. Easter applies these insights to his daily life, seeking more connection with nature, reducing screen time, and engaging in activities like rucking in the desert. He acknowledges that while the intense awareness and euphoria he felt post-trip may fade, his experiences in the Arctic have inspired him to plan future challenges and continue exploring the boundaries of human resilience and adaptability.

Part 5-Epilogue Analysis

Chapter 19 narrates the exhaustive task of transporting the caribou meat across challenging terrain. This ordeal, while physically grueling, highlights the significant benefits derived from engaging in physically demanding activities, contrasting sharply with the ease of modern life. Easter uses descriptive language to immerse readers in the experience, demonstrating how such physical exertion can lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of our physical capabilities: “The weight of the pack is cutting into my shoulders and dragging on my hips, making even the basic act of breathing a struggle. And we haven’t even started hiking the five miles back to camp” (216). This passage illustrates the Benefits of Physical and Mental Challenges. The weight of the pack symbolizes not just the physical burden of the hunt but also the deeper responsibility that comes with it to honor the caribou’s death.

As he has elsewhere, Easter uses a specific episode from the Arctic to segue into a discussion of a broader concept. In Chapter 20, Easter discusses the historical and evolutionary importance of carrying weight and its role in human development. By examining the transition from the physicality of our ancestors’ lifestyles to the comfort and ease of modern existence, Easter sheds light on how current sedentary habits have led to a decline in overall health and fitness. The chapter’s exploration of rucking as a form of exercise connects past with present, offering insights into how incorporating such activities into our daily routines can counteract the adverse effects of contemporary comfort.

Easter uses subtle humor to touch on the evolutionary role of physical strength and endurance in a conversation with anthropologist Dan Lieberman, who remarks, “It seems [our ancestors] had just enough strength for day-to-day tasks. […] There’s published data that suggest that hunter-gatherers are moderately strong. But they’re not like today’s gym rats in any sense. Like, where would they find a bench press?” (232). This quote brings a light-hearted perspective to the Impact of Modern Comfort on Health and Well-Being. It juxtaposes the functional strength of our ancestors with the aesthetic-focused fitness of the modern era, highlighting how contemporary exercise routines often miss the practical aspect of physical strength that was crucial for survival in earlier times. This is notable, as Easter contends that modern society harms not only physical but also mental health. The spirit in which one engages in physical activity can itself be disordered, Easter suggests.

Easter intertwines imagery and introspection throughout the description of the arduous task of hauling caribou meat to deepen the narrative’s impact. He also employs metaphorical language to explore mental resilience; for example, the phrase “pain caves” captures each individual’s internal struggle. This, coupled with the depiction of their brains urging them to quit, paints a vivid picture of the psychological battle waged during physically demanding tasks and describes how pushing through discomfort feels in action. The episode contrasts with the hunt’s aftermath, which is marked by physical rest but intense emotional and psychological activity—e.g., Easter’s profound appreciation of the caribou meat. Taken together, the experience not only juxtaposes the dynamic nature of the hunt with the static tendencies of modern life but also shows how extreme physical exertion can make the rest one does engage in less passive and more rewarding.

The Epilogue synthesizes the experiences and lessons from Easter’s journey. It encapsulates the transformative impact of the trip, highlighting how embracing discomfort and challenges leads to a deeper understanding of human resilience and adaptability. Easter’s reflections on the trip’s aftermath and the insights gained from facing and overcoming harsh conditions drive home the importance of stepping out of comfort zones to make living easier and more fulfilling: “Chasing that which makes humans harder to kill was, it seemed, making it easier for me to live” (281). This embodies the Relationship Between Discomfort and Personal Growth. It suggests that the pursuit of resilience can lead to a richer and more manageable existence.

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By Michael Easter