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J. R. R. TolkienA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In the aftermath of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the Orcs pile together the bodies of Elves and Men, which become a hill called Haudh-en-Nirnaeth over time. Fingon’s former lands are lost, as are those of the House of Fëanor. Morgoth imprisons the Elves captured in battle and grants the Easterlings who had served him Hador’s territories in Hithlum. However, the hidden cities of Doriath and Nargothrond remain spared from Morgoth’s wrath.
Obsessed with finding Turgon, Morgoth tortures Húrin to reveal Gondolin’s location. When Húrin resists, Morgoth threatens his wife and child, who live in Morgoth’s newly won realm. Húrin answers that he alone knows Turgon’s secrets. Morgoth then curses Húrin and his lineage, promising, “The shadow of my thought shall lie upon them wherever they go, and my hate shall pursue them to the ends of the world” (63). Húrin taunts him with the limits of his powers. Morgoth reminds him of his true nature as the oldest and strongest of the Valar, affirming the power of his curse. He promises that Húrin’s children will be hounded by evil and ill will wherever they go and that their lives will end hopelessly.
Húrin is unaffected, assured by the history of his ancestors that Morgoth’s strength is not as great as he claims. He ultimately challenges Morgoth’s ability to pursue his enemies beyond the limits of the Earth (where Men’s souls are said to go after death), to which Morgoth retorts that nothing exists beyond such limits. Húrin claims he is lying, and Morgoth responds by binding him to a chair atop Thangorodrim.
Staring into Hithlum and Beleriand, Húrin is unable to leave—let alone die—without Morgoth’s release. Morgoth forces Húrin to watch his curse unfold, seeing the world through Morgoth’s eyes.
The few Men who survived the battle return to their home countries, resulting in the grief-stricken deaths of Haldir and Huor’s widows. A pregnant Morwen witnesses the Easterlings’ invasion of Dor-lómin but is spared because the Easterlings fear her association with the Elves. She keeps nine-year-old Túrin and Sador protected in her hall, which soon falls into disrepair. She is aided, however, by Aerin, one of Húrin’s kinswomen who is forced into marriage by an Easterling raider named Brodda. Brodda forces his prisoners to build him a wooden hall of his own.
When Túrin asks his mother when Húrin might return to liberate Dor-lómin, she honestly confesses her ignorance, which causes Túrin to suspect he is dead. Morwen disagrees but feels her despair growing as more time passes without her husband’s return. She decides to send Túrin off to Doriath to seek refuge with King Thingol. With the imminent birth of her child, she assesses that she will be unable to travel herself. When Túrin learns that she and Sador will remain in Dor-lómin, he resists leaving. However, she insists on her decision for the sake of their lineage, which Túrin only comes to understand as he says goodbye to Sador. Though he weeps at their parting, Túrin refuses Sador’s attempts to return the gift knife to him. Túrin weeps at his last sight of Morwen, which the narrator describes as his first sorrow. Sometime after Túrin’s departure, Morwen gives birth to a daughter named Niënor.
Accompanied by two guides, Gethron and Grithnir, Túrin makes the journey to Doriath, which is marked by deceptive paths. Their party is saved by an Elf woodsman named Beleg Strongbow, who aids them in their search for King Thingol and Melian. Thingol receives Túrin into his hall and becomes his foster parent, which many consider uncommon for a king, let alone between Elves and Men.
Grithnir dies of old age while Gethron leaves Doriath to bring news of Túrin to Morwen. Despite Melian’s urging, Mowen refuses to leave Dor-lómin out of pride; she also is preoccupied with raising Niënor. The narrator describes her failure to seek refuge in Doriath as Túrin’s second sorrow. Instead, Morwen sends Thingol the Dragon-helm of Hador—a helmet their family received from King Fingon—for safekeeping; Thingol immediately bequeaths it to Túrin. The young boy receives it with sadness, though he is not yet old enough to wear it to battle.
Túrin is raised by Melian, the queen of Doriath, who tasks one of her maidens, Nellas, with looking after him. Although Túrin and Nellas become friends, that friendship fades once Túrin grows older and less concerned with childish games. Over nine years, Túrin grows in strength and knowledge of Elf-lore, becoming a serious young man plagued by worries over the fate of his family. Through messengers, he comes to learn that Morwen and Niënor continue to live in precarious safety at Dor-lómin. All the Elves of Doriath regard Túrin highly except for one of Thingol’s counselors, Saeros, who looks down on Men as a lower race.
When Túrin is 17, Morgoth strengthens his hold on Hithlum (the region that contains Dor-lómin), making it impossible for any messengers to travel to Húrin’s family. Túrin asks Thingol for a sword and armor, including Hador’s Dragon-helm, so that he can join the fight against Morgoth. Thingol tries to convince him to complete his training, but Túrin is resolved to proceed. Melian advises him to “fear both the heat and the cold of [his] own heart, and strive for patience, if [he] can” (85). Túrin becomes a successful warrior, his reputation growing outside of Doriath as others witness the Dragon-helm in battle. Túrin also grows closer to Beleg Strongbow.
When Túrin is 20 and resting in Thingol’s halls, Saeros mocks Túrin’s unkempt appearance and then implies that Hithlum’s women are just as untidy. Enraged, Túrin strikes him with a drinking vessel. The next morning, Saeros attempts to strike back but is quickly defeated by Túrin. Túrin chases Saeros through the wood, which catches the attention of many who mistakenly think that Túrin initiated the chase without provocation. During the chase, Saeros falls on a stone and dies. Thingol’s captain, Mablung, tries to take Túrin into custody so that he can seek the king’s pardon. However, Túrin refuses and leaves Doriath instead. Mablung advises him to “fare free,” hoping that their next meeting does not happen under worse circumstances.
Thingol and Melian learn of what has transpired through Beleg, who has since gone to look for Túrin. Thingol holds a trial in Túrin’s absence and listens to Mablung’s testimony, which favors Túrin. Thingol is inclined to grant Túrin pardon but admits that his foster-son should have held back his temper. He thus banishes Túrin from his realm, disowning him until he seeks forgiveness.
Beleg returns to the court at the last minute to bring in Nellas, who has never entered Thingol’s hall before. Nellas testifies to Saeros’s provocations, believing that Túrin’s intention was not to kill him but to humiliate him. Thingol recants his previous verdict, pardoning Túrin instead. With Túrin still missing, Beleg requests to leave and find him. Thingol grants him a famous sword called Anglachel, which Melian warns has absorbed the dark spirit of its maker. Beleg sets out to search for Túrin.
Túrin flees into the Teiglin woodlands east of Doriath, which have been largely abandoned by the Edain following the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. The area is dominated by a fellowship of bandits called Gaurwaith or “wolf-men,” who are led by a disgraced but prudent Edain named Forweg. The Gaurwaith surround Túrin, who successfully defends himself from one of their bowmen and then offers to join their fellowship. When one of the bandits, Andróg, who also hails from Dor-lómin, asks Túrin his name, Túrin tells them it is Neithan the Wronged.
Túrin is accepted into the Gaurwaith under his assumed identity, revealing few details about his past life. Knowing he has nowhere else to go, Túrin remains with the Gaurwaith for a year. The outlaws develop a symbiotic relationship with the few Men who still live in the area, who give them food in the winter in hopes of being spared from their raids.
Forweg and Andróg leave the Gaurwaith camp on business. One day, Túrin hears a woman in distress; when he goes to rescue her, he sees that she is being attacked by none other than Forweg and Andróg. Túrin kills Forweg and releases the woman, warning her not to return, before leaving Andróg to bury their slain leader. Back at the camp, the Gaurwaith have become displeased with Forweg’s leadership, which leads Túrin to admit that he had killed him. Andróg returns and shares his memory of the events. Túrin then calls upon the Gaurwaith to elect him as their new leader. Believing that he can lead them to a permanent home, the Gaurwaith name Túrin captain.
Beleg Strongbow continues his search for Túrin as the Orcs continue their incursions into the region. Reaching Teiglin, Beleg hears rumors of a Man matching Túrin’s description and seeks out the Gaurwaith camp. He trails them on their westward exodus, often just missing them as soon as they depart their latest camp. The Gaurwaith, meanwhile, become aware that they are being pursued.
The Orcs descend upon the Teiglin woodlands, which tempts the Gaurwaith to return in hopes of plundering scraps of goods and treasure. Túrin and another Gaurwaith named Orleg go to spy on the Orcs but are noticed by scouts, who alert the camp. Túrin and Orleg lead the rest of the Orcs away from the Gaurwaith camp, resulting in Orleg’s death.
Beleg finally discovers the Gaurwaith camp, which Andróg is leading in Túrin’s absence. Beleg introduces himself as an old friend to “Neithan,” which prompts the bandits to spare him for fear of Túrin’s wrath. They tie him to a tree for several days, waiting for Túrin to return, and when he does make it back to the camp, he recognizes Beleg at once. He rebukes the Gaurwaith for treating Beleg poorly.
Beleg invites Túrin to return to Doriath. Túrin refuses despite hearing about his pardon. They both regret the unfortunate events that led to his flight from Doriath, but Túrin feels too attached to the Gaurwaith to leave them behind. After a year with the bandits, Túrin wishes to live out Mablung’s advice of faring free, leading his own group to fight the battles he wants to fight. Beleg accedes to Túrin’s wishes. When Beleg recalls Túrin’s trial, Túrin confesses that he no longer remembers Nellas, which saddens Beleg. Beleg then asks him to aid in the defense of Dimbar, an area to the north of Doriath; however, entering the region would mean crossing through Doriath, which Túrin reiterates that he will not do. When they part ways the following morning, they admit that it may be the last time they see each other. Yet, Túrin tells Beleg to follow him to a hill named Amon Rûdh should he ever decide to join their fellowship.
Beleg returns to Thingol and Melian, reporting the outcome of his search, which saddens Thingol. Melian rewards Beleg with lembas, a royal waybread exclusively kept by the queen. Beleg returns once more to the field of battle but leaves again in the winter.
Chapter 3 contains the inciting incident of the novel. If the worldbuilding in the first two chapters establishes the circumstances in which the conflict will happen, then the third chapter activates that conflict by defining its stakes. Through the curse he places on Húrin’s family, Morgoth affects the status quo of the world, engaging the protagonist and supporting characters to resist him. These attempts at resistance will be largely futile, implying that in the clash of Fate Versus Free Will, the former predominates. However, it is important that the curse is invoked as a response to Húrin’s own actions—specifically, his defiance, which is in part an act of pride. This foreshadows the downfall of Túrin, which is caused by his own pride. This creates a resonance between the beginning and the end of the novel, suggesting that Húrin’s tragic flaw is just as much a part of Túrin’s inheritance as his status and ancestral helm are. That Túrin’s very character seems predetermined further blurs the lines between agency and destiny, raising the question of how responsible he is for his choices.
Túrin’s pride (and its negative consequences) becomes clear by the time of his stay in Doriath, his first residence after leaving Dor-lómin. When Thingol passes his initial judgment over the death of Saeros, he blames Túrin for not holding back his temper, describing it as a sign of pride. This resonates with later events in the novel where Túrin’s anger emerges after an insult to his person or an underestimation of his abilities. However, the novel does not portray defiance as a necessarily negative act. Just as pride brings Túrin to anger, pride also inspires Húrin to demonstrate a heroic response to evil. Morgoth cannot succeed in his conquest of Gondolin because Húrin defies him. Tolkien’s portrayal of defiance and wrath as two sides of the same coin frames pride as a nuanced and complex human quality. Moreover, while Túrin’s response to Saeros might have been outsized, Saeros’s death was accidental. This pattern of misjudgment exacerbated by misfortune recurs throughout Túrin’s life and lends further ambiguity to the novel’s exploration of fate and free will.
The narrative arc between Chapters 4 and 6 is defined by transition. Túrin grows from a child to a young adult, passing nearly 10 years from the time he leaves Dor-lómin. This transition is made tangible in several ways. The most superficial layer of transition is his physical growth, which is marked by his growing desire to fight for his people. The deeper layer of transition is mental or psychological. Just as Túrin begins to make his own decisions outside of what others advise him to do, he also finds his memories of his times with the Elves in Doriath vanishing.
A crucial turning point in the development of Túrin’s character comes after Beleg Strongbow finds him at the camp of the Gaurwaith. Beleg invites Túrin back to Doriath, guaranteeing the king’s pardon and the safety of his protection. Yet Túrin refuses the offer without reservation, once again spurred by his pride. In this case, however, the pride is not merely a love for self but also a love for his own kind. Where Túrin previously echoed his father’s contention that proximity to the Elves ennobles Men, he now rejects Beleg’s invitation, citing his love for the Gaurwaith as a reason to stay with them. The Gaurwaith are initially depicted as fearsome men, inviting a comparison to Orcs similar to the one Túrin used when describing the Easterlings to Sador. Nevertheless, they eventually accept Túrin into their band, later selecting him as their leader. Túrin notes, “I love them in my way, even the worst a little. They are of my own kind, and there is some good in each that might grow” (116). This moment demonstrates the redemptive power of friendship, especially as Túrin’s leadership does steer the outlaws away from morally evil acts like their attack on the woman. In assuming this responsibility, Túrin seems to be growing into his hereditary role as a leader of Men.
On the other hand, Túrin’s growth is also marked by a sense of loss. When he asks what changed Thingol’s judgment, Beleg recalls Nellas, Túrin’s Elf friend from childhood. Túrin fails to remember her, asking Beleg why she was so attached to him. The compression of time in the novel makes the memory fresh for readers; Nellas just appeared in the previous chapter. Moreover, the fact that she plays a significant role in Túrin’s trial cements her narrative significance. However, nearly 10 years have passed for Túrin, and his early memories are less readily accessible to him. Beleg laments the weakness of Túrin’s memory, which underlines The Frail Nature of Humanity and suggests that despite growing up among the Elves, Túrin has ultimately benefited little from their wisdom.
By J. R. R. Tolkien