51 pages • 1 hour read
Katherine ArdenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of child abuse.
While Pyotr navigates the political intrigues of Moscow and makes an alliance with the Tatar emissary, Sasha becomes captivated by tales of Sergei Radonezhsky, a holy man who founded a monastery on Makovets Hill. Despite Pyotr’s skepticism, Sasha’s eagerness persuades him to allow his son to visit the monastery, the Trinity Lavra. Once at the monastery, Sasha is struck by its peace and simplicity. When he meets Sergei, the monk recognizes Sasha’s spiritual depth and yearning for purpose. Their conversation solidifies the already-pious Sasha’s decision to dedicate his life to God. Sergei invites Sasha to join the monastery.
Upon his return to Moscow, Sasha tells Pyotr and Kolya that he wants to become a monk. Kolya reacts with disbelief and horror, but Pyotr agrees to allow Sasha on two conditions: He must wait a year to reflect on his decision and relinquish any inheritance.
Ivan meets with his advisor, Aleksei, the Metropolitan of Moscow. Ivan’s daughter, Anna, is haunted by visions of what she thinks are demons, and he views her presence in the city as a potential scandal due to her “madness.” Aleksei warns Ivan of a possible challenger to his son Dmitrii’s succession: the young Prince Vladimir of Serpukhov, Ivan’s nephew.
To deal with Anna and Vladimir’s issues, Aleksei proposes marriages for both. Anna would be married to Pyotr, whose wealth, rank, and remote northern estate would effectively remove her from the public eye while building political alliances. Vladimir, in turn, should be married to Pyotr’s daughter Olga, thereby binding Vladimir closer to Ivan’s family. Ivan agrees, but Anna is terrified at the thought of leaving the relative safety of Moscow for the remote northern wilderness, which she imagines is teeming with demons. She pleads with her father to allow her to join a convent, but Ivan dismisses her, telling her that Pyotr is a good man who will make a good husband for her.
Unaware of Ivan’s plans, Pyotr searches the Moscow market for gifts for his children, especially something for Vasya. Amid the bustling crowd, he notices an unusually regal, dark-haired stranger. Rumors swirl among the merchants that the man is a demon, but Pyotr dismisses the gossip to focus on his errands. Meanwhile, the strange man confronts a thief attempting to steal his white mare. As he departs from the city, the stranger reflects on his search for “the witch’s daughter” (61)—the child he believes holds the key to his plans.
At the feast that evening, Pyotr notices the stranger at Ivan’s table but is distracted by Ivan’s proposal of the double marriage alliance of Olga to Vladimir and Ivan’s daughter, Anna, to Pyotr himself. While Anna’s reputation as a devout but troubled young woman unsettles Pyotr, he is too pragmatic to refuse an otherwise advantageous match. When Pyotr returns to his seat, the stranger is gone.
Pyotr marries Anna after a rushed negotiation. At the wedding feast, Anna’s subdued presence and constant clutching of her cross unsettle Pyotr, who cannot reconcile her behavior with the fiery spirit of his late wife, Marina.
Six weeks later, Pyotr’s retinue prepares to return to Lesnaya Zemlya. Though quiet and obedient, Anna mutters to unseen entities and cries in private. Pyotr hopes that the clean air of the north will soothe her, though he remains preoccupied with preparing for the journey.
As they prepare to depart, Pyotr finds the stranger with his uncharacteristically calm stallion, Buran. Kolya, driven by drunken bravado, confronts the stranger, only to be effortlessly disarmed. Pyotr begs the stranger to spare his son, and the man agrees only if he swears to give a necklace with a sapphire pendant to Vasya and never speak of their encounter. With his son’s life at stake, Pyotr reluctantly agrees.
Afterward, Pyotr is unnerved to find that neither his men nor his son has any memory of the incident. However, Kolya does have five frostbite marks on his neck where the stranger touched him.
Pyotr travels home with his new wife, his sons, and the rest of his entourage. As the group travels through the snow-laden wilderness, Anna’s increasing distress slows their progress, and Pyotr, eager to return to Lesnaya Zemlya, becomes frustrated by her. At night, he’s haunted by dreams of Kolya’s near death and the strange sapphire necklace he needs to give to Vasya.
When Pyotr and Kolya finally arrive at Lesnaya Zemlya ahead of the main party, they are greeted by Vasya and the villagers. When Anna arrives later, she is overwhelmed by the open stares of the villagers and retreats to the house, clinging to Olga for support. Vasya, initially hopeful that her new stepmother might be a playmate, is disappointed by Anna’s coldness toward her. The family holds a modest feast, during which Pyotr announces Olga’s engagement to Prince Vladimir. The news delights the family, though Vasya is saddened at the thought of losing her older sister.
Later, Pyotr gives the necklace to Dunya and tells her to give it to Vasya when she is older. Dunya agrees but later dreams of the stranger. He chastises her for taking the necklace for herself, but the woman promises to give it to Vasya when she is an adult.
Anna, meanwhile, struggles with her visions. Unlike in Moscow, where the creatures ignored her, the chyerti in Lesnaya Zemlya actively watch her. The only place she feels safe is the small wooden church, which is free of the spirits that haunt her everywhere else. Her fear and isolation alienate her further from her new family, who are bewildered by her strange behavior.
Kolya is married to a neighboring boyar’s daughter, and preparations are being made for Olga’s grand wedding to Vladimir. The prince will travel north to marry her in her own home, under the watchful eye of the monk Sergei Radonezhsky. The village bustles with excitement as the prince and his entourage arrive, bringing gifts, hawks, and hounds. Though nervous about leaving her home, Olga is delighted by Vladimir’s kindness and the promise of Sasha accompanying her back to Moscow. Vasya, however, clings to her sister and begs her not to leave. Olga reassures Vasya that she, too, will come to Moscow one day and that they will be together again.
Pyotr is angry that Sasha has committed to leaving his family for the monastery. Still, his resentment is tempered by Sergei’s argument that Sasha’s dedication to God will serve both his family and his country. Sasha offers Vasya one last ride with him on horseback. As they gallop through the dusk, Vasya imagines grand adventures in far-off lands, but Sasha reminds her of her duties at home.
After Sasha and Olga’s departure, Anna has a baby named Irina. Vasya spends more time exploring the woods alone. She tells Dunya about her meeting with the vodianoy, the river spirit, which unsettles her nurse. Later, when she joins her brother Kolya at the river, she confronts the spirit when it steals her brother’s fish. Kolya, unnerved, withdraws, leaving Vasya confused but triumphant.
At home, Vasya finds companionship with the domovoi, the house spirit. Anna catches Vasya speaking to the domovoi and screams at her. Vasya flees to the stable and questions if she is seeing the chyerti or imagining them. Her spiral is interrupted by the arrival of the vazila, the spirit of horses, who teaches her how to communicate with the horses. As she creates a bond with the spirit, she becomes more cautious about concealing her interactions with him from others, especially Anna.
In the second half of Part 1, Arden explores The Role of Women in Patriarchal Societies through Anna Ivanovna. Anna’s lack of control over her fate is central to her character arc. She is tormented by her ability to see the chyerti, which she interprets as demons. Anna’s fear of them leads her to act in ways that others see as her having a mental illness. For example, her appearance is unkempt when she is introduced because she is unwilling to visit the bathhouse due to the presence of the bannik. Later, in Lesnaya Zemlya, she refuses to eat bread in the kitchen since that is where the domovoi resides. She only finds temporary reprieve inside churches, as the chyerti cannot enter there.
Anna wants to be sent to a convent, but her father marries her off to Pyotr instead. When she begs him to reconsider, he replies, “Nonsense […] You will like having sons, and Pyotr Vladimirovich is a good man” (55). His brushing off of her concerns shows the lack of autonomy afforded to women in medieval Russian society, even those of noble birth. Anna’s marriage to Pyotr is a political transaction, a means for her father to remove a source of familial shame while securing loyalty from a northern lord. She is therefore denied the opportunity of choosing her own path. Anna’s plight is mirrored in the experiences of other female characters, such as Olga, who wistfully longs for a fairy tale romance in contrast to her actual arranged marriage. Dunya tells her, “Fairy tales are for children, but you are a woman, and soon you will be a wife. To wed a decent man and be safe in his house, to worship God and bear strong sons—that is real and right. It is time to put aside dreaming” (82). Olga must abandon ideas of autonomy to fulfill the role expected of her. However, when the nurse says this, she looks at Vasya. By this point, Pyotr has given Dunya the talisman meant for the girl. While she advises Olga to set aside these stories, she is all too aware that Vasya is destined to be a part of one.
Unlike her siblings, who either embrace or resign themselves to their prescribed roles, Vasya remains connected to her individuality and the natural world. However, that doesn’t mean the girl is unaware of the divide between societal expectations and the reality of who she is. For example, when she begs Olga not to leave, she does so by promising never to climb trees again and then suggests that they should run away to live in the woods. Her words foreshadow her actions years later in Part 3.
Even as she adds more characters to the roster, Arden removes a few when she sends Olga and Sasha away from Lesnaya Zemlya. The former marries Vladimir Andreevich and goes with him to Moscow, and the latter joins Sergei Radonezhsky at the monastery. Neither of the siblings appears or has much of an impact on the rest of the story, but they are present in the latter two books in the Winternight trilogy once Vasya, too, finally leaves home.
Following the departure of her siblings in these chapters, Vasya becomes more isolated. Her loneliness drives her deeper into the woods and further into her interactions with the chyerti, invoking The Connection Between Humanity and Nature. Of particular importance is her meeting with the vazila, the guardian of the stables. He teaches her how to ride bareback and speak with horses. His guidance introduces the idea of responsibility and stewardship to her, which will prove crucial later in the story when she assumes her role as mediator between the village and the chyerti.
For Vasya, the supernatural is a normal part of her reality, while it is a source of dread for Anna, introducing the conflict of Ancestral Traditions Versus Religious Orthodoxy. When she catches her stepdaughter speaking to the domovoi, she screams at her and slaps her in anger. In her inability to reconcile the benign nature of the household spirits and in seeing Vasya as a threat, she becomes an abusive stepmother.
By Katherine Arden