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Harry MulischA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Anton, “a fair-to-middling student” (79), continues in medical school. In 1953, he leaves the house on Apollolaan and rents a “small, dark [apartment] above a fish store” (79) in the center of town. The Haarlem of 1945 sinks deeper into the background of his psyche. He suffers from daylong bouts of migraines every few months, which force him to lie down in the dark. He reads a lot, but judiciously avoids any materials related to the war. He plays the piano and enjoys attending concerts—his preference is for Schumann. He even publishes a few poems about nature in a student magazine under the name “Anton Peter.”When he sees a staging of Chekhov’s Cherry Orchard, he becomes overwhelmed with such an “elusive” (79)emotion that he flees the theater. Once on the street, his emotions “disappear[ ][so] quickly and completely” (79) that he wonders if they had ever actually been there.
Every week, he goes to Apollolaan on his motor scooter with a bag full of dirty laundry. As he does so, “he [begins] to notice the extreme orderliness of his uncle and aunt’s well-to-do middle-class life” (80)where “everything is in its place” (80), nothing is “second-rate” (80), and all food and drinks are served with formality.
In 1956, he passes his final exams and begins serving his internship at several hospitals. He has opted for anesthesiology—fearing the demands of a private practice and reasoning that anesthesiologists can more readily and easily leave their jobs at the door. He also thinks of surgeons as butchers and relishes the “delicate equilibrium” (80) that anesthesiologists must cultivate as they bear responsibility for patients “balancing on the edge between life and death […] helpless in unconsciousness” (80). He also feels that, although drugs erase the memory of pain, patients nonetheless awaken changed by that pain. But when he speaks of this phenomenon with his colleagues, they meet him with cold glances that tell him that he must keep such thoughts to himself if he wants to remain in their good social graces.
Anton stays resolutely uninvolved in politics. He reads national headlines and then forgets them immediately. However, he finds unending pleasure in crossword puzzles and a kind of “poetry” (81) in the overlapping words.
During the 1956 elections, Van Liempt questions Anton about which party Anton will endorse. Anton replies that he will probably side with the liberals. Van Liempt asserts that present-day liberalism combines “a fundamental pessimist about social solidarity with the idea that the individual must remain as free as possible. But a person is either a pessimist who favors enforced order, or an optimist who favors freedom. It is impossible to be both at once” (81). When he then questions Anton about whether he is an optimist or a pessimist, Anton answers that he is a pessimist. And so, Anton votes for the Social Democrats like his uncle, who is of the standing and class from which “burgomasters and ministers are chosen” (82). It isn’t until later that Anton realizes that people do not vote rationally: in accordance with a phenomenon that he thinks is “physiobiological” (82), he feels that people instead vote out of self-interest or because a candidate inspires confidence. In a subsequent election, he votes for a somewhat more conservative party which “claim[s] that the difference between [the] right and left [is] obsolete” (82). To Anton, national politics mean “about as much as paper airplanes would mean to the survivor of a plane crash” (82).
Later in 1956, Anton becomes more aware of Communism and international politics. The second half of 1956 provides much fodder for newspaper readers: “unrest in Poland, scandals within the royal family, the French and English attack on Egypt, the revolution in Hungary and the intervention of the Soviet Union, the landing of Fidel Castro in Cuba” (82). A few weeks prior to Castro’s arrival in Cuba, the Russian invasion of Budapest still echoed within Holland—mobs run rampant across the city ransacking communist targets, whose addresses are printed in the newspapers. Much unrest gathers around a building around the corner from Anton’s apartment. The building is named the Felix Meritis. It is the headquarters of the Communist Party. Protesters besiege the building, which has been boarded up. Police patrol, trying to keep the crowd under control. Anton’s street provides access to the back of the building, so people have gathered there as well, even going as far as to throw Molotov cocktails. This creates an insufferable racket for Anton, who goes out to see The Seventh Seal one night, solely to avoid the crowd.
After several nights of unrest, Anton walks home, thinking that the crowd must have disbanded. He walks past countless homes that fly flags at half-mast. When he arrives, however, the crowd at the Felix Meritis has grown larger. Just as Anton reaches the doorway, policemen in cars, motorcycles, and on horseback storm the crowd. Panic breaks out, but Anton finds himself growing incongruously calmer.
In the melee of people screaming, bleeding, running, and being trampled, Anton is possessed by a “strange indifference” (84). He contemplates going through his apartment building’s doorway, which is presently crowded by about a dozen people. He realizes that if he opens the door, the people will soon invade his hallway and apartment. He takes note of one of the men in the crowd in particular: “a big fellow whose strong back was crushing Anton against the door with all its might, but of course it only seemed that way, for the man was being crushed himself” (84). The man holds a big gray rock in his hand. Suddenly, everyone runs out of the doorway. The man turns around, looks at Anton, and says: “Hello, Ton” (85). It is Fake Ploeg Jr.
The two young men eye each other for a few seconds as the violent crowd of protesters and police shifts to the Prinsengracht canal. Without knowing exactly why, Anton invites Fake up to his apartment. When they arrive, Anton offers Fake a drink. To Anton’s horror, Fake puts the stone he was holding on the grand piano Anton had been given for his birthday. Although Fake does not slam the stone down, Anton can tell that it has scratched the piano’s lacquer. Anton pours himself a glass of wine and gives Fake a beer.
Fake tells Anton that he recognized Anton right away. Anton says that many people tell Anton that he hasn’t changed in appearance. Although he partially regrets it, Anton tells Fake that he is the perfect likeness to Fake’s father, albeit “thinner and a bit puffier” (86). Anton tells Fake that he is studying medicine. Throughout the conversation, Anton secretly “wish[es] the telephone would ring” (86) so that he could make an excuse to run out to the hospital.
Fake works for a household appliance store. When Anton asks him if he works in Haarlem, Fake looks at Anton as if he is crazy because it was completely out of the question for his family to continue living in Haarlem after the end of the war. Instead, Fake lives and works in Den Helder. When Anton asks him if he “[came] to Amsterdam just to throw stones” (87), Fake quickly replies:“Yes” (87). Although Anton could very well end the visit abruptly, he suddenly feels stubborn, “as if he [doesn’t] want Fake to think that he could get rid of him that easily” (87). When Anton asks Fake if his mother is alive, Fake answers that she is—his tone is that of an admission. Anton internally realizes that he did, indeed, mean the question as an accusation.
Fake also tells Anton that he ended up working in an appliance store because, after the war, his mother was arrested and put in a camp, and Fake was sent to a Catholic boarding school, which was connected to the Episcopal industrial school. After she was released, they were offered a place in Den Helder where no one knew them, and Fake went to trade school there. Anton asks why Fake did not return to high school instead of going to trade school, and Fake grows agitated. He explains that his mother was forced to work as a cleaning woman to support himself and his sisters and that she has just had a leg amputated, while the other has “water running out” (88) of it. Bitterly, Fake says:“We’re in the same class, your parents are shot, but you’re doing medical studies all the same, whereas my father was shot and I repair water heaters”(88).
Anton’s rejoinder is that at least Fake’s mother is still alive. He also asks Fake if there is some fundamental difference between Fake’s father’s and Anton’s parents’ deaths—namely, the fact that Anton’s parents were innocent. Fake immediately asserts that his father was also innocent. Anton tells Fake that if social injustice had indeed caused the conflict between Anton and Fake, that Fake should have been a Communist—not someone who travels to a city to throw stones at Communists. Fake, who remains calm on the surface but has a seething rage beneath his voice, tells Anton that “Communism […] is the worst” (89). He cites the Communist invasion of Budapest “where an entire people’s drive for freedom is being drowned in blood” (89) as a supporting example of his assertion. Anton tells Fake that he is no Communist either, but that he also doesn’t find it necessary to memorize headlines. Fake sarcastically tells Anton that “Doctor Steenwijk is clever enough to say it better in his own words”(89) and asks Anton if knows about “the atrocities being committed by Mongol soldiers” (89). Anton replies: “What do you mean, Fake? Has the time come now to send Mongols to the gas chamber?” (89). Fake, with a threatening look, replies: “No, you bastard!” (89).
Fake asserts that his father was always right about the Communists and that his father had made predictions about the Communists that had come true. He also tells Anton that the Communists who killed the elder Fake knew full well that reprisals would follow and that those Communists were therefore the ones who were truly responsible for the murder of Anton’s family. Anton asks Fake whether he can love his father without trying to “whitewash him” (90). He says: “Why don’t you simply say: my father was definitely a collaborator, but he was my father and I love him” (91). Anton denies that his father was a collaborator in the way that he frames it: “‘But suppose you knew for certain,’ Anton sa[ys] to his back, ‘that [your father] had done terrible things […] wouldn’t you still love him?’” (91). Fake begins pacing the room. He says that the people who threw about the term “collaborator” (90) are the same ones who now share the position against Communism which the Nazis had. He also says that his father knew nothing about the Nazi violence against Jewish people and that he was simply doing as “he was told” (91). He says: “Of course he was a Fascist, but a good one, out of conviction. Things would have to change in Holland; it shouldn’t ever go back to the way it was under Minister Colijn, when my father had to fire on workers” (91).
The stove, in which Anton has put too much oil, begins to spit. Fake, with his professional eye, remarks that it will never work—that his father became a member of the National Socialist Party in September 1944, after Mad Tuesday, when it was already clear that the Nazis would lose. He asserts that at that time, many Fascists fled to Germany, or suddenly switched sides, claiming to have been a part of the Resistance all along. He claims that his father was therefore shot for his conviction and nothing else. Anton wonders what could cause anyone to embroil themselves in such a web of lies and concludes that “love was what caused it all—love, through thick and thin” (92). He asks Fake whether his father should have been included on the memorial on the quay as well.
Then, suddenly, Fake begins sobbing. He asks Anton whether he ever considered that, as Anton’s house went up in flames, Fake’s own family received the news that his father was dead. Anton grabs the stone from the piano and hurls it at an antique mirror that hangs on Anton’s wall. The mirror shatters into many shards, and immediately afterwards, the lid of the stove blows off and releases a cloud of soot. Fake runs down the stairs but returns to tell Anton that he will never forget the time that Anton came into the classroom when they were young and defused their former teacher’s response to Fake’s Nazi Youth uniform. Fake then leaves the building fully.
Anton “read[s] a fragment on a strip of newspaper still sticking to the wooden back of the mirror” (94), written in Italian. It translates to: “On the second of July 1854. Celebrated with sacred ceremony at the Church of Blessed Mary of Perpetual Help” (94). He muses that this is “one more thing he would never have found out if it hadn’t been for Fake” (94).
Mulisch’s repeated description of Anton as a “fair-to-middling” (79) student underscores how Anton has decided to live his life in a manner that makes as few waves as possible. Neither excellent nor dreadful as a student, he carefully guards his anonymity and privacy, while also making himself unbeholden to any of the expectations or attention that might befall either an overachiever or an underachiever. His averageness ensures his neutrality and neutral treatment from others. Clearly, Anton labors to maintain a quiet, undisturbed existence without drawing attention to himself. This is symptomatic of his desire to avoid any kind of upheaval, which is clearly a product of the great trauma he has survived.
Anton’s decision to become an anesthesiologist—someone who literally numbs physical pain for patients—carries poetic resonance, as this episode sees Anton digging his heels into the suppression and repression of his emotions that began shortly after the assault. Tellingly, Anton himself never makes an explicit connection between the figurative numbing that he does to himself and the literal numbing that he carries out in his profession. This is only appropriate, as the narrative is told in the third-person, and Anton is not meant to be a character who possesses great self-awareness in regard to the coping mechanism of repression that he has adopted.
In accordance with Mulisch’s plotting style, this episode sees Anton gradually uncovering more bits of information regarding the night of the assault, almost in spite of himself. Anton purposefully avoids any and all reportage about the war, perhaps as a symptom of his profound repression. However, the past still exercises an irresistible pull on him. He seems fated to meet Fake Ploeg Jr. on the street. Fake is clearly biased by his own love for his father and cannot bring himself to admit any wrongdoing. While Ploeg Sr. was considered a morally reprehensible individual, Ploeg Jr. succeeds in adding to Mulisch’s landscape of moral ambiguity. He does so by asserting the fact that Ploeg Sr.’s assassins surely knew that reprisals would follow: reprisals that would be exacted upon individuals who had nothing to do with the assassination. Although Fake is clearly performing mental contortions in order to steer blame away from his beloved father, this fact does raise questions about the morality of the Resistance’s assassination of the Nazi official. And, although Anton himself has never expressed moral certainty or laid blame squarely on any one party, he is forced, at least momentarily, to ponder the questionable choices of the Resistance, which ultimately led to the murder of his entire family.