37 pages • 1 hour read
Malcolm GladwellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Malcolm Gladwell is a Canadian author and journalist whose books often use social scientific research to explain real-world events and phenomena. He weaves together diverse arrays of stories, drawing connections between them and using them to build his overarching theories. While he draws on academic research from sociology, psychology, and a number of other disciplines, his accessible style of writing is aimed at a general audience. Gladwell often seeks to challenge commonly held beliefs and assumptions through his books.
In Talking to Strangers, Gladwell takes inspiration from his observation that many highly publicized cases have arisen from strangers misunderstanding or misreading one another. To examine this phenomenon more closely, Gladwell interviewed scientists, criminologists, and psychologists, and the book features his reporting, research, and interviews along with his narrative retellings of the true stories that inspired the book.
The book both opens and closes with the story of Sandra Bland. In her encounter with the police officer Brian Encinia, she acted much like anyone else would—irritated that she was pulled over for something so minor, upset that it was happening just as things were beginning to look up for her, and incredulous that a failure to signal a lane change ended in her arrest. Gladwell depicts her as a perfectly normal person who had the misfortune of being targeted by a police officer who was trained to see others as criminals. Her death highlights the tragic consequences that can come from a society that doesn’t know how to talk with strangers.
Brian Encinia exemplifies the mistakes we make day after day when we talk to strangers. His encounter with Bland was dissected by Gladwell to find out what went so wrong. Encinia was suspicious of Bland despite the lack of evidence she had done anything wrong. He drastically misinterpreted her demeanor, he jumped to conclusions, and he assumed the worst about her.
While Encinia’s actions that day led to a woman taking her own life, he was not the only person who was involved. We as a society blame people for defaulting to truth, thus teaching them that they should be suspicious of everyone around them. We make the same mistake of assuming people are transparent, and we assume the worst about people when we find their demeanor does not fit our expectations. Encinia acted the way he did because the rest of society encourages people to treat strangers with intolerance and suspicion.
By Malcolm Gladwell