50 pages • 1 hour read
Karen RussellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: The source text and this guide depict and discuss the sexual assault of a minor. The source text contains outdated terminology for Indigenous Americans.
Ava is lying on the ground and feels pressure on top of her. The Bird Man undoes her overalls, and she is dimly aware that she is being sexually assaulted. The pain becomes worse and worse, and when he finishes, the two get up and walk away. The Bird Man wants Ava to continue to accompany him, but thinking about a dog she once saw return to its abusive owner, she throws her red alligator at the Bird Man and runs away. She makes her way through the mangroves, wondering how she is going to find her way home. She hopes that Whip Jeters might be looking for her, but she is doubtful. She realizes that she probably doomed her red alligator to its death. She is incredibly thirsty, but waits until the next day to begin drinking the brackish water around her. She wills herself to produce a solution and remembers that the waters flow in a southwesterly direction from the great lake Okeechobee, and uses her shoelace to determine the direction home. She realizes that there is no underworld, and that contrary to the advice given in The Spiritist’s Telegraph, it is not possible to contact the dead.
Although Kiwi intends to return to the casino to talk to his father, he decides against it. He instead goes to visit his grandfather, Sawtooth. The man has declined sharply since his last visit, and his response when Kiwi tells him about all of the family’s troubles is to spit in his face and then begin choking him. Kiwi does not initially fight back, but soon realizes that his grandfather might actually kill him and manages to get his own hands around Sawtooth’s neck. Sawtooth lets go and goes back to watching television. Paramedics are called, but they blame Kiwi for the altercation. Disgusted, he returns to the World of Darkness.
Disoriented and sick from drinking the swamp’s brackish water, Ava tries to make her way home. She has her sister’s ribbon tied around her wrist. She comes upon a cabin that at first seems abandoned, but next to which she finds a set of clotheslines strung with clothes. She thinks of Mama Weeds, a legendary swamp woman who’d moved deep into the heart of the swamp and worked as a laundress and seamstress. She had been murdered in cold blood by a group of men who objected to her presence in the swamp (and to how easily she took to a life that they had all assured her would be too hard for a woman). After her death, her ghost was said to haunt the area where she had lived. Although Ava had always found the legend silly, she wonders now about its veracity. Ava recognizes some of her sister's clothing on the lines and is even more confused. Suddenly, a woman appears. Ava, by this point delusional from hunger and thirst, begins screaming at the woman. She accuses her of having stolen Osceola. Understanding that something is not quite right about this girl and wondering why she is on her own and so deep into the swamp, she tries to help. Ava, raving, runs away. She hallucinates, thinks about Louis and her sister, and keeps walking.
Kiwi is eating breakfast at Burger Burger with Vijay. Outside, he sees an unhoused woman and thinks about the legend of Mama Weeds. It is the day of his flying exam and he is nervous. Once he is in the air though, his nerves subside and he is struck by the beauty of the landscape below. He thinks he sees a woman jumping up and down on a remote part of the coastline, and something about her is familiar, but he keeps going. He cuts the power and lands the plane near what looks like an abandoned boat, and is surprised to find his sister Osceola there. She looks terrible and tells Kiwi and his instructor that she is thirsty. She explains that Louis the ghost had helped her steer the boat to this location and then left her at the altar on the morning they were supposed to get married. Dennis, Kiwi’s instructor, finds all of this terribly strange, and Kiwi tries to cover for his sister by explaining that she’d been jilted by her fiancé, leaving out the part about that fiancé having been a ghost.
Ava is still in the swamp. She hears someone calling her name and looks up to see the Bird Man. She dives into a gator hole and swims away from him. As she approaches a gator den, its occupant grabs her, and she tries to remember everything that her mother had taught her about swimming with (and escaping from) alligators. Although the creature bites her and she is wounded, she escapes. Not long after she frees herself from the gator, Ava spies the brown uniform of a park ranger. The two men she’d thought she’d seen with knives were not, as the Bird Man claimed, denizens of the underworld, but real (living!) gator skinners. They’d reported her presence to the park ranger, who had gone looking for her. The ranger tells her that they had just picked up her sister Osceola, and questions what the sisters had been doing on their own in the swamp.
She is reunited with Osceola and Kiwi, and Kiwi’s flight instructor drives them to the hotel where their father is staying. He is surprised to see them all, and Kiwi rents an additional room for the girls next to their father. Although the Chief still wants to save Swamplandia!, they instead move to the mainland where the girls attend a real high school and Ossie sees a therapist. They are a family once more.
The conclusion of the novel will find the Bigtree family reunited and living on the mainland, but there will be much drama along the way. Ava will be assaulted by the Bird Man, Kiwi will find Osceola, and Ava will have to learn how to make difficult, but knowledge-based decisions in order to free herself and return home.
This final set of chapters begins with the Bird Man sexually assaulting Ava. It is a difficult scene for readers to encounter, especially given the development of his character up to this point: Although the previous chapter did begin to reveal cracks in his sympathetic façade, there was very little foreshadowing that the Bird Man would transition from a mysterious, presumably benevolent character into a man who would sexually assault a teenage girl. It is possible, however, to read his startling transformation through the lens of Ava’s naiveté and inexperience: Ava is the novel’s narrator, and through her young, inexperienced eyes, it is entirely possible that red flags and warning signs might have been overlooked. In addition to being only 13, Ava has spent her entire life in the isolated setting of Swamplandia! and has less experience with human nature and social settings than her mainland counterparts would: She has perhaps not been taught to intuit danger. Her response to the attack does mark a turning point in her Coming of Age story, because she recalls having seen a dog, abused by its owner, return to the man rather than running away. She realizes that she must free herself, and she is able to leave the Bird Man behind. She escapes from him first by throwing her red alligator, a kind of talisman, at him and running away. The (live) alligator surprises him, and although she is upset to have parted with her cherished pet in this manner, in this situation, the alligator symbolizes Ava’s newfound ability to use the lessons that she has learned, both from her mother and from the wild, natural environment of the Ten Thousand Islands, to her advantage. The scene where she removes her shoelace so that she can drop it into the water and determine the direction of the current (and thus the direction of the coast, and safety) is another moment in which Ava begins to understand that maturity is sometimes a matter of using the tools at hand to make the best decision possible in the moment. When she encounters the Bird Man again, she dives into an alligator’s hiding spot in order to escape him, and she tangles with the alligator along the way. Here, her mother’s wisdom returns to her, and she is able to escape both the creature and the Bird Man, and swim to safety. This is the climax of Ava’s Coming of Age arc, as she is finally able to transform her grief into useful memories and incorporate her mother’s wisdom into her own arsenal of tools.
Kiwi also shows maturity in this last section. On an early flight as part of the World of Darkness’s new attraction, he finds his sister Osceola. He is able to rescue her and reunite her with the rest of the Bigtree family. Readers learn that the Chief has finally agreed that it is time to move to the mainland. He enrolls both Ava and Osceola in the mainland school, and Osceola begins therapy. This is the resolution for her character’s arc: She successfully enters mainstream society (and presumably her peer group), and with access to mental health care, readers can assume that she too will finally be able to process her grief. Kiwi is able to use his piloting job to supplement his family income, and the Bigtree clan remains committed and connected to one another.
By Karen Russell