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52 pages 1 hour read

Nadia Hashimi

Sparks Like Stars: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2021

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Part 1, Chapters 11-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “April 1978”

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary

Antonia works at the American embassy in Kabul. Tilly stays with Sitara and offers a comforting, if confusing presence, as she is like no adult Sitara has met. She praises Antonia and speaks of kismet, though Sitara does not understand everything she is saying. Sitara feels she should not smile or have a moment of lightness when her family is dead.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary

Antonia discusses the new regime with colleagues at the embassy. The People’s Democratic Party is now in charge. Sitara has an infection in her foot but, worried Antonia and Tilly might be spies, she is afraid to ask for help. She picks up a knife, thinking to defend herself, but then faints from fever.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary

Sitara’s infection is treated with antibiotics and Tilly and Antonia continue to care for her. Tilly calls her Star, the English version of her name. Sitara asks to go to her family’s house. She explains what happened to her parents and about Shair. Antonia promises to help. Tilly offers comfort.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary

It has been three weeks since the coup. Tilly describes watching the attacks from the roof of their apartment. The city feels tense, with many people in prison. Everyone is afraid to talk about the coup, worried about spies. Antonia fears for Sitara’s safety.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary

Antonia suggests that they could use her sister’s birth certificate to get Sitara out of the country, since Aryana was born in the US. Sitara insists on going with Antonia to her family home, though seeing soldiers makes her nervous. She feels guilty about walking freely through the streets when her family is gone. When she sees a soldier in front of her home, Sitara panics. A general addresses her, and Sitara is afraid he will recognize her. He is wearing a ring that belonged to her father.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary

Tilly interviews two hippies, Patricia and Indigo, to see if they might smuggle Sitara out of the country. They are from Ohio but traveling through Asia, what the locals call overlanders. Indigo saw the Buddha statues in Bamiyan. Antonia does not approve of asking these two for help.

Part 1, Chapter 17 Summary

Antonia recalls how she knows Shair; he is a guard for a new minister. Antonia thinks they might be able to ask him to get the birth certificate from Sitara’s house, where it is hidden in her mother’s nightstand, on the night they are performing Oklahoma! at the embassy. Tilly is in the play, and they expect many high-ranking people to attend. Tilly explains Antonia’s childhood to Sitara and expresses regret that she was a distant mother.

Part 1, Chapter 18 Summary

Sitara watches Tilly put on makeup for her performance and hears an announcer on the neighbor’s radio discussing how the new government is working for the Afghan people. After Tilly and Antonia leave, Sitara walks to her house and climbs the neighbor’s chicken coop to get over the fence. The house has been ransacked, and Sitara is upset by the devastation in her parents’ bedrooms; it feels like they have been killed all over again. Sitara finds a packet of documents in her mother’s nightstand and takes pictures from the family photo album. To escape, she runs over the roofs of the neighboring houses. When a soldier stops her in the street, she gives him an orange and says her house is under the spell of a djinn. Safe at the apartment, Sitara examines the birth certificate with its name, Aryana Zamani, and thinks of her sister in the sky.

Part 1, Chapter 19 Summary

Sitara examines the photographs she brought and thinks, “It hurt to look at them. It hurt more to look away” (138). Antonia tells Sitara she needs a few more days to make proper arrangements. The next morning, Sitara sees a man in the apartment and screams.

Part 1, Chapter 20 Summary

Indigo promises to take Tilly and Sitara to the US embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan. They join another couple, more overlanders who are traveling a tourist trail from Turkey to India through Iran, Lebanon, Afghanistan, and Kashmir, following a route recommended in a guide called Eastern Bound. They discuss the places they have visited, which seem exotic to them. Indigo drives their van through the mountain pass, a narrow and twisting road. He swerves to miss a truck and they collide with the mountain. Tilly hits her head, and Sitara feels guilty and upset.

Part 1, Chapter 21 Summary

Tilly insists she is all right, and they drive through the town of Jalalabad. Sitara remembers her father pointing out the mausoleums of kings, a Hindu temple, and a medical school. Her father told her about Ibn Sina, an astronomer and the father of modern medicine. They hide Sitara beneath the luggage in the back to get her across the border into Pakistan. At the checkpoint, Sitara fears the soldiers but drums up her courage, thinking that she would fight if she had to.

Part 1, Chapters 11-21 Analysis

Events in this section of the book address the consequences of Sitara’s displacement and demonstrate the ways Grief, Trauma, and Healing reshape her life and sense of self. In this section, Sitara goes from a victim who is literally and figuratively disabled by the wounds she has sustained to making decisions about her future and venturing out on her own. Her first crucial decision is to trust Antonia, aided by the coincidence that the play being put on at the embassy is Oklahoma! and furthered by Tilly’s confidences about Antonia’s honesty, dedication, and grit. The time Sitara spends on the roof with Tilly, soaking in the sun, contrasts with the darkness of Shair’s apartment and signals that she is beginning to return to life, though she is so devastated by grief that she feels guilty about being about to enjoy anything. Still, Although Tilly speaks about the resilience of children, and Sitara shows signs of healing, her trauma is profound. She experiences extreme fear when she sees or hears soldiers. Things that are fun spectacles to the Americans, like a fireworks display, trigger Sitara’s trauma. Her entire life and relationship to the world have changed.

New facets of the theme of Empire and the Course of History emerge through the overlanders, revealing the distortions Westerners project onto Afghanistan. The overlanders regard the countries they are visiting through the lens of what literary scholar Edward Said called Orientalism—the Western fascination with the East as the exotic Other. These places that are holiday destinations for Indigo and Patricia are people’s homelands. Sitara is caught between them; having lost her home, the safest place for her seems to be the US, where she can gain entry as a citizen using the birth certificate of her deceased older sister. However, the flight there is dangerous, as illustrated by the treacherous travel over the Khyber Pass and Tilly’s injury, and the overlanders’ orientalist views of Sitara and her people suggest that there will be cultural and psychic costs to her emigration, as well. The memories Sitara has of Jalalabad, of its religious and cultural diversity as well as modern progress, convey the beauty and sophistication of the Afghanistan Sitara knew, a culture that will be devastated as Afghanistan is caught in the wars between the US and the USSR. The news Sitara keeps hearing, reassuring people that the new government is working for them, offers a similar dramatic irony. The coup came at the cost of the deaths of the people she loved, and the new government will not work long, as the Soviet army will invade in the next year. Hashimi sets this violence and conflict in the context of a long history of changing empires and an ongoing struggle for control of Afghanistan by outsiders.

Sitara’s venture to her family home allows her to revisit The Markers of Identity connected to her childhood and heritage, gathering a few artifacts to carry with her into her new world and identity. The ransacking of her family’s home feels like another violation; having what remains of them disregarded and destroyed is another kind of death. Sitara proves resourceful in her escape and uses the policeman’s superstitions against him, preventing him from accompanying her home by suggesting it is cursed by a djinn, a supernatural spirit, which could be called upon for protection but could also interfere with human lives. This reference mirrors the state Sitara is currently in, not sure if she is being helped or harmed by the people around her. After hiding beneath the luggage, a parallel to her escape by hiding in the library, Sitara’s emergence into a new country and a new identity represents a rebirth.

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