124 pages • 4 hours read
Thomas HarrisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Lecter arrives at the Memphis airport and Senator Martin watches him disembark from the plane. Crawford calls and urges the Senator to speak with Clarice before her interview, but the Senator refuses. She promises Crawford full access to Lecter if his information isn’t helpful. Chilton and the troopers secure Lecter in a nearby office, and Senator Martin paces with impatience. Chilton removes Lecter’s hockey mask with a flourish, making the Senator question Chilton’s intelligence.
Lecter begins to offer information to the Senator, but Major Bachman of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation interrupts him. Lecter retreats into his mind until the Senator dismisses everyone from the room. Refocusing his attention, Lecter asks a painful personal question before returning to his task. William “Billy” Rubin—the false name Lecter gives for Buffalo Bill—is a former patient who gloated about his murderous hobbies. Lecter gives an accurate physical description and links “Billy” to Klaus’ murder, adding that the man had elephant ivory anthrax. The Senator sets up temporary arrangements for Lecter, including a phone and music.
Gumb sits in his pitch black basement wearing military-grade night vision goggles to watch his moths. The basement is a maze of “rooms from other lives, that Gumb hasn’t opened in years” (203). While waiting for an imago to reach its full wingspan, Gumb surveys the room, noting with monotony the tools of his crimes. He turns back to the moth in time to see the signature wing pattern: a human skull. He leaves the room and peers down the oubliette at a sleeping Catherine. With his goggles, he evaluates her skin and makes judgements about the structure of his garment. He starved his other victims to loosen their skin and make them docile enough to restrain, but Catherine appears to have already been dieting, so Gumb plans to kill her the next day.
Clarice arrives at Catherine’s apartment in Memphis to investigate how Buffalo Bill chose and abducted her. Clarice believes Buffalo Bill stalked Catherine and lured her into the parking lot. A young police officer lets Clarice into the apartment. Clarice begins her search in the kitchen, finding only pre-packaged diet food and a fake jewelry box in the fridge. The Tennessee investigators searched the bedrooms thoroughly, but Clarice looks again through the closet and other furnishings.
Clarice finds a sheet of LSD blotter paper and an envelope of scandalous Polaroid pictures in the hidden jewelry box compartment. She takes these for evidence when the Senator and Paul Krendler from the Department of Justice walk into the room. Both believe Clarice is stealing. Krendler allows the Senator to take the photos. Krendler gives Clarice a transcript of Lecter’s interview and Clarice offers her opinion on Lecter’s true motives. She tries to test the LSD paper with her field kit, but Krendler tells her to return to Quantico, threatening her career if she doesn’t comply.
Clarice drives to the old Memphis courthouse where the police are holding Lecter in a modular cell. News vans surround both the courthouse and Chilton when Clarice arrives. In the building, Clarice claims that Krendler and Chilton both authorized her to see Lecter. Clarice hides a gun under her blazer and gives the other to Sergeant Tate, who allows her through with an escort. Two guards let Clarice through when she mentions previous experience with Lecter, and she approaches the cell.
Clarice confronts Lecter about his information, believing he is toying with the Senator; the information he did give was only to toy with her pain. Clarice knows he can understand everything about a person when he sees them, so she thinks he hasn’t actually met the killer. Still upset at Clarice’s manipulation, Lecter reveals that Clarice can identify Buffalo Bill with only the information in her casefile. He refuses to tell her more until she answers his two questions.
Clarice recalls how she and the horse, Hannah, left the ranch one night when the screams of slaughtered lambs awoke her. She and Hannah went to Bozeman, where Clarice tried to hire a corral for the horse. Her mother’s cousin allowed Clarice and Hannah to stay away at the Bozeman orphanage. Hannah died of natural causes, but Clarice still dreams of the lambs. Satisfied with the honesty of her answers, Lecter returns Clarice’s casefile as Chilton and Officer Pembry take her away. She promises to update Lecter on her dreams, and she leaves for the airport.
Lecter arrives at the Memphis courthouse, where correctional officers Pembry and Boyle await him. The officers thoroughly search Lecter. The metal detector goes off in his mouth, but the officers brush it off as his metal tooth fillings, not espying the homemade handcuff key Lecter hid in his gums. After Clarice leaves, the officers fully restrain Lecter as Chilton brings in his lunch. At the next meal, Pembry and Boyle employ a faster method of restraining Lecter using simple handcuffs. Lecter thanks the officers for their courtesy.
Lecter fakes indigestion and hides behind the toilet’s paper screen. He dislodges the handcuff key—which he made over months in the Baltimore hospital—from his gums. He hides it in his hand and calls for Officer Pembry to take his tray away. The officers go through the motions of handcuffing Lecter, but this time he silently frees himself. As Boyle bends to pick up a napkin, Lecter handcuffs him to the table. He subdues Pembry, biting the officer’s face in the process. He maces Boyle and beats him to death. Lecter kills Pembry with a single hit to the back of the head. He finds their guns, ammunition, and a pocketknife.
In the lobby of the courthouse, Sargent Tate tells Sweeny, a custodian, to check on the unresponsive Pembry and Boyle. As Sweeny tries to bring the elevator down from the fifth floor, the men hear gunshots from above. The elevator moves to the third floor, suggesting Lecter’s escape. Tate sends the police to secure the outside doors and collects a group to investigate. Finding nothing but the open elevator on the third floor, and nothing on the fourth, Tate and his group continue upwards.
On the fifth floor, the policemen find two bodies and assume they are Pembry and Boyle. Officer Jacobs confirms Boyle’s death, and Tate finds that Pembry—who is Lecter in disguise—is still alive. Tate coordinates with a SWAT team and paramedics, who bring Boyle and the disguised Lecter to ambulances. Tate and the remaining police secure the upper floors before descending.
Blood drops fall from the elevator ceiling onto Jacobs. Tate holds the elevator while two SWAT members inspect the elevator car from above. The officers see a man with a gun on the elevator roof, but he isn’t moving or responding. They throw a stun grenade, but the body remains still. SWAT members open the hatch from inside and find that the man—who they assume is Lecter—is dead. An officer rushes forward and identifies the body as Officer Pembry.
In the ambulance, an attendant talks to his supervisor. Lecter, hidden behind his injuries, slips out of the gurney’s restraints. When the attendant turns, Lecter hits him over the head with a gun. Lecter hijacks the ambulance and drives toward the Memphis International Airport.
Harris introduces Senator Martin’s perspective; the reader sees her attempts to suppress her grief and move the investigation along smoothly. The Senator’s true emotions break through her diplomatic exterior in private moments, like when she paces in the airport, waiting for Chilton and Lecter, thinking “This airplane must be older than Catherine. Sweet Jesus, come on” (199). By including the Senator’s genuine worry for her daughter, Harris highlights the self-interest of those around her. Chilton wastes what little time the Senator has left by theatrically dominating Lecter and Lecter overtly lies about Buffalo Bill’s identity to heighten the Senator’s pain. Harris creates tension when the Senator refuses help from the only other people with Catherine’s interests in mind: Clarice and Crawford.
Gumb’s night vision goggles give him feelings of power and become a symbol of his singular perspective. In the basement that is “black to human vision” (204), the goggles allow Gumb to see what others can’t. Gumb reflects on how “he has had some great times with [the goggles] in the black basement, playing basement games” of chasing his victims in the dark (205). The goggles emphasize his victims’ total vulnerability to his whims and desires. Gumb also uses the night vision goggles to watch Catherine as she sleeps; while he makes judgements about how to kill her and use her body parts for his project, she remains unaware of her fate at the bottom of the oubliette.
Harris develops Gumb’s disturbing perspective by showing how he sees his tools. Gumb passes over objects of horrific connotation with total disinterest, only “to pass the time” (204). As Gumb observes the metal table with a drain, the industrial sinks, and the tanks full of tanning solutions and “recent acquisitions” (204), the reader must imagine what Gumb uses these instruments for. The narrative paints the room as a madman’s evil lair, but Gumb considers it a commonplace workroom. An object he does spend time watching with “rapt” interest is the emerging Death’s-Head Moth imago. The difference in attention shows that Gumb’s concern isn’t the killing and hurting of the girls—like Clarice and the FBI think—but is the “harvesting [of] hide” to become beautiful like the moth (206).
Clarice’s investigation falls apart when she goes to Catherine Martin’s apartment and meets Senator Martin and Paul Krendler. Krendler and the Senator see her as an obstacle for investigating Lecter’s information. Krendler and the Senator want to maintain Catherine’s reputation, so they choose to hide the scandalous photos Clarice finds instead of allowing her to track down the mysterious man in them. When Krendler praises Clarice, she feels like she can speak to him openly about her concerns with the Senator’s involvement, but Krendler quickly flips his attitude and starts threatening her. Clarice’s frustrations with Krendler’s bureaucratic games inspires her to take the investigation into her own hands before leaving by visiting Lecter and faking Krendler’s authorization.
The lambs from Clarice’s childhood are a central symbol of the book and reveal Clarice’s fundamental motivation for joining the FBI: saving the innocent. Clarice answers one of Lecter’s questions before being escorted away, revealing the story about the screaming lambs that still haunt her. Lecter interprets her dream, connecting the lambs to the innocent victims of Buffalo Bill. As long as Catherine Martin is missing, Clarice will have dreams of the screaming lambs because of her feelings of helplessness. Lecter guesses that Clarice will only find solace and silence when she catches Buffalo Bill, which turns out to be a correct deduction by the end of the book.
Chapter 36 displays Lecter’s true brutality, which the narrative only hints at earlier. Like Gumb, Harris shows Lecter as calm and calculating while committing heinous violence. Lecter looks around before assaulting the officers, finding that his vision slows in concentration and that “details are wonderfully sharp” (237). During the assault, his pulse only rises “by the exercise” (239), not because of unease. Lecter carefully plans each movement down to dropping his napkin, guessing accurately how Pembry and Boyle will react. Like Gumb, Lecter performs powerlessness to gain the officers’ trust, and then exploits that trust through violence. A plot twist shows that Lecter disfigures his own face and poses as Officer Pembry to confuse the paramedics and SWAT team. This illuminates not only the degree of Lecter’s cunning, but the extent of his determination to escape imprisonment.
Harris focuses on the setting of the old “Gothic-style” courthouse to increase the suspense and horror of Lecter’s escape (221). The police situate Lecter’s modular cell in the fifth-floor tower, which can only be accessed by a single elevator. The floor’s isolation inspires a heightened sense of security for the police, but it also makes the discovery of the empty elevator on the third floor more terrifying, implying that Lecter now has access to stairs and an outside exit. Harris infuses the silent ascent of the SWAT team through the old building with distant sounds, like gunfire; Lecter’s classical music; and the incessant ringing of telephones. The juxtaposition between the noises and the hunt for Lecter creates volatility and tension; each sound could be the escaped killer.
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