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65 pages 2 hours read

Brian Jacques

Redwall

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1986

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Symbols & Motifs

The Tapestry

An image of Martin the Warrior is stitched into a corner of the tapestry in the great hall. While it is meant to stand as a symbol of heroism to the inhabitants of Redwall, its use in the book signals the opposite. The struggle to possess the tapestry is more closely associated with Cluny and the theme of the nature of villainy. He correctly perceives that the image holds great significance for the mice and explains this to his followers: “The mere mention of Martin the Warrior sends them into ecstasies. Don’t you see, he is their symbol. […] So, if the mice were to lose their most precious omen, the picture of Martin, where would that leave them?” (64).

As stated earlier, Cluny recognizes the value of fear in controlling his army and conquering his foes. He hopes that the loss of the tapestry will demoralize the mice to such a degree that they will lose the heart to resist him. Although Cluny captures the tapestry for a while, possessing it places him in the same predicament as the mice. By affixing it to his battle standard, Cluny makes the tapestry a symbol of his victory. When Jess recaptures it later in the story, it becomes an ill omen for the warlord. Losing the tapestry suggests that he might lose the war.

Aside from the tapestry itself, the image of Martin as depicted on the tapestry haunts the rat’s dreams. On more than one occasion, he sees himself being pursued by the mouse knight, and these nightmares leave him demoralized and fearful. Cluny stole the tapestry in the first place to instill fear into the mice. He gets the opposite result. The loss of the tapestry and the nightmare visions of Martin instill fear in him.

The Sword

In most epic tales, swords are symbols of valor, and Redwall is no exception. Martin’s sword speaks to the theme of the nature of heroism. However, more important than the sword itself are the trials that Matthias must undergo to capture it. Throughout most of the novel, the sword is an elusive object. Although Matthias assumes that the sword is buried with Martin, no one at Redwall knows the location of Martin’s grave. Finding it involves solving riddles, which might be seen as a test of intellect. When another riddle points to the weathervane on the abbey roof as a possible location for the weapon, Matthias must embark on a quest with his captive Warbeak. The captive soon becomes a friend and ally.

When Matthias spontaneously frees Warbeak, this represents a test of the heart. Matthias’s next adventure involves unifying a quarrelsome pack of shrews. Winning their support represents a test of leadership. With the help of Log-a-Log, Matthias recaptures the sword from Asmodeus and kills the snake with it. This final ordeal is a test of courage.

Matthias is no longer the awkward young novice who began the story. His various adventures have given him the qualities required of a true hero. He has demonstrated that he is worthy of possessing Martin’s sword:

He sensed how Martin must have felt each time he had held this beautiful weapon. The young mouse knew that he had been born for this moment, his grip causing the tremor of the steel to run through his entire body. It was part of him! (309).

Redwall Abbey

Redwall Abbey is the focal point for two opposing forces. As such, it symbolizes the dual themes of competition and cooperation. Those who favor competition are outsiders—they come from another region and spend their time outside the abbey’s walls. Those who favor cooperation are insiders—they are local and live within Redwall.

The abundance generated by the abbey’s cooperative efforts proves tempting to those who live by competition. Cluny competes for resources that are not his own, and he hopes to instill fear into the woodlanders to take what is theirs. Because Cluny operates from the principle of competition, he doesn’t understand the power of cooperation. The much smaller woodlanders can hold off an attack because they all work together.

The rats lurking just outside the walls give plenty of examples of their inability to function together as a unit. The only qualities they share in common are fear of Cluny and greed for plunder. At every turn, they seem ready to betray and murder each other to gain favor. The number of captains that Cluny loses throughout the siege is indicative of the horde’s lack of solidarity. The ferrets, stoats, weasels, and other allies are envious of the rats. The rats, in turn, fear that other species will be promoted ahead of them. As a result, every plan they execute fails. Those outside the walls fail to live in a state of harmony, leading to their defeat. Those inside the walls function cooperatively. Once the outsiders leave, Redwall reverts to its natural state of idyllic tranquility.

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By Brian Jacques