106 pages • 3 hours read
Margaret AtwoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Snowman wonders which is worse: a past he cannot regain, the bleakness of the present, or the unthinkable future. He resents the birds for not having a care in the world. He wishes he had something to read, watch, or study. He wonders where all the things that he once knew have gone. Moreover, he wonders what is happening to his mind.
Snowman faces the grim reality that he is slowly starving to death. He speculates as to when the fruit will reappear and ripen, and decides that he will ask the children when he next sees them. He then decides to make the long hike to the RejoovenEsense Compound, as he is sure that there will be some supplies there, since the prior inhabitants left suddenly.
Snowman now has a mission and he is even looking forward to it. Prior to undertaking it, however, he must let the children of Crake know: though they are irritating in some respects, Snowman feels protective of them.
The men of Crake are performing their ritual of urinating in order to mark their territory (Crake had said that the chemicals programmed into urine were effective against wolvogs and rakunks). Crake had also joked that the men would need something to do, as “Woodworking, hunting, high finance, war, and golf would no longer be options.”
He meets up with Abraham, the Children of Crake’s leader, and once he reaches the inner part of the territorial circle, Snowman notices that a child has suffered a minor injury. Still, such injuries are cured easily by purring: following years of experimentation, Crake had found that cats purred at the same frequency as the ultrasound used on bone fractures and skin lesions. He therefore installed this self-healing mechanism in his creations, though not without some failed test. When Snowman asks what happened, Abraham says that the child was bitten by one of the Children of Oryx. The women of the village says that they will commune with Oryx, and Snowman wonders what form this takes given that Oryx does not appear to them in person. He imagines they go into a trance, and this is something that Crake did not foresee: they have developed reverence towards an invisible being.
Snowman tells the villagers that he is going on a journey, and they ask if he is going to see Crake. He replies in the affirmative, and the children are envious. He feels guilty for having gotten into the habit of telling them elaborate lies.
As he proceeds on his journey, Snowman hears a bobkitten. These animals were bred as pest control but had become unruly, taking babies from strollers and mauling them. He also sees old campsites and picnic tables, which people had stopped using once it begun to rain every afternoon. In addition, he can hear mating going on, which was a rare event: Crake had settled at once every three years per female as the maximum. Snowman reflects that the arrangement has its benefits, as there is no longer any prostitution, rape, or sexual abuse of children. There is no longer anything mysterious or guarded about sex, nor any manipulation, anger, or betrayal. He wonders if Crake was right in finding sexual competition unrelenting and cruel.
When they were in their early 20s, Crake had bemoaned the despair caused by unrequited love and had mulled over the idea of cyclical, inevitable coupling. That way, no one would ever want someone they could not have. Jimmy found this logical but felt that people would just be “hormone robots” in this regime. Crake replied that humans are hormone robots—imperfect ones. Jimmy had then pointed to art and poetry as positive consequences of this imperfection, but Crake was dismissive and said “I guess they still do a lot of jabbering about that, over where you are.” Jimmy had insisted that art is all that is left when a civilization turns to dust, but Crake countered that old bones and bricks are just as interesting to archaeologists.
Snowman thinks about how Crake now has his way: there is no more jealousy and everyone is good-natured. Why, then, does Snowman feel despondent?
When Jimmy and Crake graduated from high school, Crake was top of his class and was snatched by the Watson-Crick Institute for a high price. As a middling student, meanwhile, Jimmy ended up at the Martha Graham Academy. Jimmy knew that his father and Ramona would be trying for a baby soon but he did not care: he wanted to be alone and self-sufficient. As for Crake, his mother had died a month previously after having picked up “a hot bioform that had chewed through her like a solar mower.” Crake had found it “impressive” to see “froth coming out.” Jimmy could not understand how Crake could be so aloof but assumed that it was just a front.
During a post-graduation vacation, Jimmy and Crake spent the summer watching the gen-mod coffee wars. A HelthWyzer subsidiary had developed a new coffee bush whose beans would ripen simultaneously and coffee could be harvested with machines. This reduced growers and labourers to poverty, and resistance was global, leading to riots and violence. There was also the omnipresent Happicuppa coverage, which protestors brandishing posters reading, “Don’t Drink Death!”
Things worsened after crazed anti-Happicuppa fanatics bombed the Lincoln Memorial and a blockade formed around the head Happicuppa compound. Among the protesters, Jimmy spotted his mother. There was then a release of teargas and the sound of gunfire, after which his mother disappeared. Crake told Jimmy that he had recognized her too, and Jimmy was concerned as to who else had made the connection. Crake had also revealed the details of his own father, who died after plummeting from an overpass. Crake did not believe that he would have jumped, and, when Jimmy suggested that he may have fallen, Crake replied, “He didn’t always watch where he was going. He was head in the clouds. He believed in contributing to the improvement of the human lot.”
Looking back, Snowman asks himself how he could have missed what Crake was telling him. However, he realizes that his ignorance had not been wilful; rather, he had “grown up in walled spaces, and then he had become one. He had shut things out.”
After summer, Jimmy and Crake parted ways and Jimmy began attending an Arts and Humanities college called Martha Graham. He was not looking forward to the future; still, he hunkered down to college life. He also found that he “he projected a form of melancholy attractive to a certain kind of woman.” Even so, Jimmy had a short attention span and move from one woman to another.
Jimmy is pleased to think that he had the edge over Crake when it came to interaction with women. Crake thought that falling in love was a “hormonally induced delusional state” and that sex was necessary solely for genetic transfer. The girls who Jimmy knew found this somewhat creepy. But what had happened to Crake since then? The emails that Jimmy received initially revealed little, but Crake later wrote that students called Watson-Crick “Asperger’s U” due to its high percentage of “brilliant weirdos.” When Crake invited Jimmy over, Jimmy accepted.
At Martha Graham, Jimmy spent a lot of time looking at old books in the library. He had resolved that, if he had been deemed a reject and was studying topics that were deemed a waste of time, he would embrace this—he would “pursue the superfluous as an end in itself.” He had also started compiling lists of words that were no longer meaningful in the present day and memorizing the lingo used in self-help books.
Passing through the strict security at Watson-Crick, guards questioned Jimmy about his mother. They had then hooked him up to a neural-impulse monitor to make sure that he was not lying. Finally, they let him through to see Crake. Upon seeing his friend, Jimmy was overcome with nostalgia.
Watson-Crick was like a palace compared to Jimmy’s college. Crake took Jimmy on a tour of the college, showing him various projects that students were working on; for instance, wallpaper that changed color depending on the mood of a room’s inhabitant.
The environment at Watson-Crick reminded him of his childhood and he had no desire to go back there. For all its faults, Martha Graham was preferable. As the final stop in the tour, Crake had shown Jimmy the wolvogs, which looked like dogs but whose friendly appearance belied an aggressive temperament. They were being bred for security purposes, but Jimmy wondered what would happen if they broke free and their population spiraled out of control.
When Jimmy asked Crake if he had a girlfriend, Crake replied that students were encouraged to focus on work. However, in exchange for deductions from a student’s scholarship, Student Services could arrange someone to come in from the city. Jimmy was shocked that Student Services would do such a thing, but Crake explained that “it avoids the diversion of energies into unproductive channels, and short-circuits malaise.”
One day, Crake outlined a scenario: a company makes money from drugs and procedures that help sick people or stop people from getting sick. But what happens when everything has been cured? Then, companies would need to create new diseases. According to Crake, that was what HealthWyzer had been doing. They had created both new diseases and cures for these diseases. Crake’s father knew about this, and that is why he was pushed off a bridge when Crake was a child. Crake himself had found out by hacking into his father’s computer, which contained evidence against the company.
Though Jimmy did not want to talk about his mother, Crake speculated that she may have found out that her husband was in on something similar to the HealthWyzer project. Crake concluded, “I bet she knew they were starting to know she knew.”
On the last day of Jimmy’s visit, Crake opened a file on his computer containing the picture of Oryx—the girl who had made such an impression on Jimmy—and clicked on the iris of her eye, which served as a gateway to a playroom within Extinctathon (of which Crake was now a Grandmaster). In this confidential area were bulletins about such matters as a parasitic wasp outbreak and bean crops being menaced by a new type of weevil. Crake said that he had initially thought that the bulletins were from an animal liberation organization. Now, however, he sensed that something much bigger was going on. Jimmy warned him not to get involved, but Crake was curious. Jimmy, meanwhile, was most concerned with Crake using the image of Oryx as a gateway.
Snowman enters an area that used to be residential and is marked with signs of the violence that took place in the final days. He observes that it will not be long before the final signs of human inhabitation are gone. He then wonders if he is the last of his kind: maybe there is a monk or survivalist who is still alive. He imagines descendants finding remnants of the past and asking how this happened.
One evening, Crake had ruminated on what would happen if civilization were destroyed. He stated that it would never be rebuilt, as all available surface metals had already been mined. He concluded that all it takes is the elimination of one generation for the game to be over.
As Snowman proceeds on his journey, he realizes that, were he to die, he would not be mourned. He wonders if he is not the Abominable Snowman but the other kind of snowman, who is either pushed down or left to melt. Upon reaching the Compounds, he imagines “when the lights went out and two thousand frozen millionaires’ heads awaiting resurrection began to melt in the dark.” He then enters the RejoovenEsence complex and finds various objects that people must have dropped in flight. He imagines that “The fugitives must have had hope, to begin with. They must have thought they’d have a use for these things later. Then they’d changed their minds and let go.”
Upon spotting the central park featuring “Crake’s charmed dome,” Snowman shivers. Looking at the vegetation, he observes that “The whole world is now one vast uncontrolled experiment – the way it always was, Crake would have said.” He enters a house and notices that the bathroom mirror has been smashed in “some last act of ineffectual rage, of cosmic protest.” He proceeds to take food and any other potentially useful items, and sees a notepad featuring the words “Call clinic.” He notices that “The ballpoint pen is still on the paper, as if dropped from a slackening hand: it must have come suddenly, right then, the sickness and the realization of it.”
Once Snowman has left the house and continued on his question, a storm breaks and Snowman finds shelter in a security building. Snowman initially feels perturbed at finding himself alone in the dark but then finds that he can drift away and imagine that Oryx is with him.
Snowman’s desolate state is in focus at the start of Chapter 7; he is slowly starving to death and there is no solace in past, present, or future. Nevertheless, he sets out to look for supplies at the RejoovenEsense Compound, which had been abandoned suddenly (thus indicating the rapidity of whatever happened). Snowman is particularly reluctant to enter Crake’s bubble-dome, though the reason is too traumatic for him to acknowledge.
Snowman informs the Crakers that he will be absent for a while, and we are informed that he feels protective of them, though this does not change the fact that he feels like Frankenstein’s monster. He also remembers Crake joking that these men would need something to do, as “Woodworking, hunting, high finance, war, and golf would no longer be options.” Likewise, the rapid growth of the Crakers reflects Crake’s belief that too much time is wasted on child-rearing.
A further feature of the Crakers is a digestive system that differs from that of human beings and is more efficient. The Crakers’ reproductive system is likewise unique, and Snowman reflects that, by removing sexual competition, Crake had ensured that there will no longer be any prostitution, rape, or sexual abuse of children. This chapter therefore gives us a rundown of the most distinctive aspects of the Crakers, pointing out that some of them are beneficial.
Chapter 8 shifts to the period after which Jimmy and Crake have graduated from high school and are attending different colleges. Another significant point concerns the death of Crake’s mother: she had contracted “a hot bioform” and Crake had found the sight of “froth coming out” to be “impressive.” This, as Jimmy observes, is hardly a typical reaction, and it gives us further insight into Crake’s mindset.
During his time at college, Jimmy took to memorizing superfluous words on the basis that he felt that he was seen as superfluous. So, we see genesis of Snowman’s interest in such words. Also during this time, the media reported on violence and protests against new genetically-modified coffee, and Jimmy spotted his mother in one of the protest videos. At this point, Crake revealed that his own father had been murdered, though it had been passed off as suicide.
When Jimmy visited Crake, Crake showed him the wolvogs being engineered in the college’s labs. He explained that they were being bred for security and had a friendly appearance belying a savage nature. Crake said that they would never break free, yet, from the Snowman chapters of the novel, we know that this is what happened. This is also the chapter in which Crake makes one of his most memorable statements, announcing that he does not believe in Nature, or, at least, “not with a capital N.”
Another vital piece of information gleaned in this chapter is that, according to Crake, the Healthwyzer company had created new diseases along with cures. He elaborated that his own father knew about this, and this was why he was killed. He also speculated that Jimmy’s mother had likewise found out what was happening.
On the last day of his visit, Jimmy was startled to see the old picture of Oryx on Crake’s computer. Crake had been using this image to access an Extinctathon playroom: he was now a Grandmaster, yet it was not a game anymore. Rather, it contained bulletins relating to top-secret information within the field of genetic engineering. During his visit, Jimmy heard Crake screaming every night. Crake did not remember his bad dreams but Snowman reflects that it is he who is now trapped in them.
In Chapter 9, Snowman reaches what remains of the residential areas and thinks back to Crake’s statement that the destruction of one generation is all it takes to start afresh—another prophetic declaration. Snowman again laments his loneliness. Entering a house along the way, he observes a note written in faltering handwriting. As he observes, the sickness that befell the inhabitants must have happened quickly.
By Margaret Atwood