51 pages • 1 hour read
Teju ColeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As Julius’s plane prepares to land in New York, the view out of the window reminds him of the model of New York City that he saw at the Queens Museum of Art, which, despite having been update several times since it was constructed in 1964, still included the World Trade Center towers.
The next day, a Sunday, Julius dreads how he will be treated at work after being on a long vacation. He goes to the International Center of Photography, where there is an exhibit by the Hungarian photographer Martin Munkacsi. When he uses his expired med school ID to get a discounted student ticket, he’s reminded of how his ex, Nadège, used to get irritated with him for doing so. He encounters an old man from Berlin who talks to him about a magazine on display. Julius thinks about how he would not tell the man that his mother and oma were refugees in Berlin. The man ends their conversation to help an old woman.
As Julius is looking at a photograph of Nazi propagandist Josef Goebbels, he sees a couple of Hasidic Jews also looking at the same picture and wonders about their feelings. He moves on quickly, feeling like he intruded on their moment of facing trauma. After leaving, Julius calls his friend and asks if he wants to go to a show at the Iridium Jazz Club that night, but his friend already has plans. Julius ends up calling Nadège after getting back to his apartment.
On another day in January, he considers how memory works. He runs into a school friend’s sister in a grocery store and doesn’t recognize her until she tells him her name: Moji Kasali, sister of Dayo. Julius remembers envying Dayo’s girlfriend and losing touch with Dayo. Then, Julius wonders if Moji had a crush on him when they were young. She tells him she is an investment banker, and that Dayo survived a bus crash that killed most of the other people on the bus. This caused people to consider him lucky. Moji says she intends to keep in touch, since she doesn’t believe in coincidence.
In February, Julius goes to see his accountant about his taxes, but forgets his checkbook. When he tries to withdraw money from an ATM, he can’t remember his pin code. He keeps trying at the same machine, and another machine after walking for a bit, but the only four-digit number he can remember is 2046, the title of a film by Wong Kar-Wai. Late for his appointment, he promises to send his accountant a check in the mail.
Afterwards, he walks to Battery Park. While watching children play, he thinks about the slave trading that occurred in the past in the same area and how City Bank of New York and other companies profited from the slave trade. Julius watches a group of Chinese women dancing. When they turn off their radio, he hears an erhu—a traditional Chinese stringed instrument. He walks over to watch the two erhu players and a singer, as well as the people around them. He thinks of his patient, V., whose obituary he read earlier that day. He sits on a bench with another man who is reading a book, and wants to tell him about V., but doesn’t.
When he is back at his apartment, Julius refuses to look up the pin code for his bank card. However, the bank calls him the next day, reminding him of the failed attempts. He reassures them it was him, but internally is concerned about his mental capacity fading. It snows later that day. A week passes before Julius is willing to look up the forgotten number.
Julius visits Dr. Saito, who is struggling with a bedbug infestation. Saito describes a performance he saw at the Chamber Music Society and asks his nurse-aide to turn down the heat. Julius notices that she is pregnant, and she suggests he read the newspaper to Saito. Julius does, and Saito compares the current war to World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
They discuss a story on civil unions, and Julius recalls that Saito had a male partner who died. Saito never talked about his relationship with Julius, and Julius had never asked, but learned the information through the alumni magazine. Saito warns Julius to avoid closing doors while he is still young.
When Julius gets back to his apartment, he compares the New York bedbug problem to the AIDS crisis. While bedbugs are not fatal, they do affect rich and poor equally. Julius thinks Saito’s bedbug problem is worse than the other things he has lived through—like racism and anti-gay bias—and then hates himself for thinking this.
He goes for a walk through Central Park, observing the snow, birds, and trees. After he gets cold and takes the subway home, he researches bedbugs. Learning how hardy they are concerns Julius, and he looks at his mattress with a flashlight before going to bed, where he sleeps poorly.
Julius dreams of a bombing at a pet market in Basra. His mother and Nadège are there in burkas, talking about how bedbugs are worse than bombs. His mother starts to say something about his sister, but then he wakes up. Julius drinks some water, thinks about the passage about sleeping he read when he was falling asleep, and eats a cold pork chop.
The next day, a Saturday, he visits with Saito. Saito is much weaker and says he wants to go into the forest and be killed by lions because he is in so much pain. Julius holds his hand, then leaves so Saito can sleep. Julius visits his friend, and they discuss the tree of heaven, an invasive species, growing in his friend’s apartment courtyard. They drink beers and Julius looks at his friend’s books. His friend recommends one by Simone Weil on the Iliad.
They talk about Saito, and how Julius wanted him to say something more meaningful than the “nonsense about lions” (180). Julius’s friend argues in favor of being able to choose how and when one dies. Meanwhile, Julius looks at the birds outside, considering how some people think each one is cared for by God. His friend admits to thinking about how he would like to die, such as what music he would like to have playing when he passes away.
In late March, Julius calls Saito, and an unfamiliar woman’s voice tells Julius that Saito passed away. Julius recognizes that he has been keeping away from his former professor in order to avoid the “drama of death, its unpleasantness” (183). The woman on the phone says the funeral will be private—for family only—but the College might have a public memorial. Julius doesn’t know whom to talk to about this death, as he and Saito had no friends in common.
Eventually, Julius calls Nadège and tells her about Saito’s death. When she answers, he can hear another man in the background. Nadège tells Julius that the man is her fiance and that he should not call again for a while. After getting off the phone, Julius can’t decide what music to listen to, and goes out to deliver a package—a book for Farouq.
Julius walks through Morningside Park. Outside the post office, he sees a man washing the feet of a homeless man and talking with him in Spanish. The man working in the post office, Terrence (aka Terry), talks to Julius about Africa being his motherland and recites some poetry about the oppression of Black people. Terrence invites Julius to see him perform at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. Julius outwardly agrees, but inwardly decides to never visit this particular post office again. He gives the homeless man outside his change from the postage.
After taking the subway, Julius walks to a busy square on East Broadway, on the edge of Chinatown. Most people there are originally from China or other parts of East Asia, except one Black man who wipes off his topless torso before riding away on his bicycle. Julius goes into a shop that sells a wide variety of items and feels timeless. A parade passes by outside with music and smiling Buddhas. The song reminds Julius of a song he heard in his Nigerian Military School, and this connection is disorienting for him.
In this section, the first half of Part 2, Julius returns to New York and resumes his habit of walking aimlessly around the city. In the course of his Physical and Mental Wandering, Julius listens to and converses with a wide variety of people. He thinks, “unimaginable how many small stories people all over this city carried around with them” (155). Open City is an attempt to collect some of those stories. They are joined loosely by the narrator’s wanderings, rather than categorized systematically.
Having been away from home for some time, Julius is more aware than ever of New York City as Palimpsest. One example of this is the model of the city in the Queens Museum of Art, which still includes tiny replicas of the twin towers (151). The model is updated, but retains parts of the past, like a palimpsest. The model subtly alludes to Charlie Kaufman’s 2008 film Synecdoche, New York, which also includes a (larger) model of the city. Julius also thinks about the history of New York, especially the history of slavery in the area. As he walks to Battery Park, where children are on a playground, Julius recalls how “This had been a busy mercantile part of the city in the middle of the nineteenth century [...] New York long remained the most important port for the building, outfitting, insuring and launching of slavers’ ships” (163). This layer of history is also connected to the theme Race, Ethnicity, and Difference.
While haunted by the history of slavery, Julius notes that he and his family are not a part of it. He identifies with his father’s family, who are Nigerians, rather than with his mother, who was born in Berlin. When talking to a man from Berlin, Julius thinks about how he is “in this distant sense, also a Berliner. If we had talked more, I would have told him only that I was from Nigeria, from Lagos” (153). He also does not like talking to Black American citizens who identify as African. For instance, when a post office worker, Terry, talks about how he is “raising my daughters as Africans” (186), Julius “ma[kes] a mental note to avoid that particular post office in the future” (188).
The motif of memory serves to develop the theme of Physical and Mental Wandering in this section. The narrator’s lapses in memory in this section foreshadow the plot twist in the following section, when Moji, the woman Julius knew in Nigeria, accuses him of having sexually assaulted her. In this section, she appears for the first time after Julius thinks, “We experience life as a continuity, and only after it falls away, after it becomes the past, do we see its discontinuities. The past, if there is such a thing, is mostly empty space, great expanses of nothing, in which significant persons and events float. Nigeria was like that for me: mostly forgotten” (155). This sets up his failure to recognize Moji or to remember the crime he is accused of having committed against her.
Julius’s inability to remember his ATM pin code reads as a relatively innocuous manifestation of the motif of memory, pointing toward larger and more consequential forgetting. He says, “I had simply forgotten the number. A thought flitted through my mind: how terrible it would be to blank out like this while seeing a patient” (161). He doesn’t consider what else he might have forgotten, such as sexually harming his friend’s little sister. However, he connects memory loss with being old, and expresses fears about aging. He is concerned that losing his memory makes him “a pathetic old-young man” (166).
There are many allusions—direct and subtle—in this section. When Hong Kong filmmaker Wong Kar Wai’s title 2046 takes the place of Julius’s bank PIN, it serves as a reminder of the absurdity of modern life, with its endlessly proliferating PINs and passwords, and at the same time it suggests that the art Julius enjoys becomes in part of his identity. One of the subtlest allusions is to John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row. Julius visits a shop in Chinatown, feeling like he has “stumbled into a kink in time and place” (191). Teju Cole’s descriptions of the various things for sale in this shop are very reminiscent of Steinbeck’s descriptions of the various things for sale in Mr. Lee’s shop. Some musical allusions include Julius’s friend Saito discussing Bach’s cantata “about coffee” (168) and his unnamed friend hoping to pass away while Crescent or Ascension plays (182).
American Literature
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Memory
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The Past
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