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54 pages 1 hour read

Patti Callahan Henry

Once Upon a Wardrobe

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2021

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Chapters 6-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary: “The Ruined Castle”

George was diagnosed with a heart condition shortly after his birth. However, he defied doctors’ predictions that he would die before the age of five. George’s health is most fragile in winter when the cold affects his lungs. Due to his illness, most of his life has been spent indoors, and books are his source of escapism. Megs loves math formulas and earned her scholarship through her work on Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. However, the world of George’s imagination is closed to her and her father, who disapproves of the fairy tales his son enjoys.

Megs continues to recount Lewis’s stories to George. When the author was 10 years old, his mother developed cancer. Lewis could not imagine life without his mother, who was a writer and studied mathematics and physics at Queen’s College, Belfast, and taught her sons Latin and Greek. Praying for her recovery, he recalled the day she took them to Dunluce Castle two years earlier. Lewis was overwhelmed with a sense of “longing” when he saw the castle, which was like something out of a fairy tale.

George interrupts Megs, suggesting that Dunluce Castle is Cair Paravel in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. He says that he hopes Mrs. Lewis survived her cancer, but he realizes that all stories have a “dark part.” Megs reveals that Lewis told his mother that he would no longer believe in God if he did not cure her. However, Mrs. Lewis argued that human wishes do not always coincide with God’s plan. A few days later, she died. George cries, and Megs admits that she did the same thing when she heard the story.

Chapter 7 Summary: “To See With Other Eyes”

Walking through Oxford to the Kilns, Megs imagines a dragon flying around the ancient tower of Magdalen College. When a young man runs toward her, she recognizes him as Padraig, a literature student from Northern Ireland. Megs met Padraig on her sole visit to a pub and is embarrassed by her attraction to him. After Megs explains where she is going, Padraig reveals that Lewis is his tutor. He describes the author as a “genius” who is loved by his students, although a few are afraid of him. Padraig praises Lewis’s books, recommending The Screwtape Letters and The Great Divorce. He states that the author’s latest works caused a stir, as Lewis was once an atheist. Megs says that Lewis’s stories are fascinating but that he has not answered George’s question. Padraig suggests that the answers may be in the stories. For example, he points out that the death of Lewis’s mother may be reflected in his characters’ separation from their parents.

At the Kilns, Lewis explains that he has just visited his friend Minto in her nursing home. He promises to tell Megs more about Minto, whose real name is Mrs. Moore, another day. Megs asks for a single fact about the origins of Narnia to tell George. Lewis and Warnie argue that stories provide a deeper appreciation of reality and allow us to see life from a new perspective. Lewis adds that he also loved literature because he was hopeless at math. At Wynyard, this weakness made him Oldie’s target. Megs asks him how he endured these hardships. Lewis reveals that he has always taken comfort from the words of the 17-century mystic St. Julian of Norwich: “All shall be well, and all shall be well, and all manner of things shall be well” (80).

Chapter 8 Summary: “Exile”

Megs declines Padraig’s invitations to the pub, as she is uncomfortable in social situations. Returning home for the weekend, she again finds George sitting inside his wardrobe. She relates three more stories to him.

When Lewis was nine years old, he saw a town called Narni on a map of Italy and liked the sound of it. Soon afterward, his father insisted that he must join Warnie at boarding school. Lewis’s first impressions of England were negative: English accents sounded strange to him, Wynward looked unwelcoming, and its headmaster greeted him sternly. During his first attempt to play cricket, Lewis fell over, and the other boys laughed at him. After the game, a boy named Wyn hit Warnie, making his head bleed. Warnie stopped his brother from retaliating, explaining that Wyn was Oldie’s son.

Lewis was homesick at Wynyard, hating the uncomfortable uniforms, tasteless food, and rigid routines. He also noticed that Wyn and his father were given a better standard of food than everyone else, including Mrs. Capron and her daughters. A boy advised Lewis not to cross Oldie since he was rumored to have beaten a pupil to death. When Lewis observed that Oldie was “evil,” a tutor overheard him and confiscated his food. On his first night, Lewis began writing a letter to his father detailing the horrors of the school. However, Warnie reminded him that Oldie reads all their letters and would punish them both. Warnie added that their father already knew about these conditions at the school.

Lewis disapproved of the study of entomology at Wynyard, disliking the cruelty of killing insects to study them. He started a reading club where boys exchanged their magazines and discussed them. One day, as Lewis was struggling with equations, Oldie caned a boy who asked for help with his work. Lewis was horrified and, that night, imagined the pain the boy must be suffering. He invented a story where a boy escapes from a dungeon.

Chapter 9 Summary: “The Dark and the Light”

Mrs. Devonshire overhears Megs telling George about Lewis’s unhappy schooldays and how Oldie eventually ended up in a psychiatric hospital. She suggests that George needs to hear more upbeat stories. However, Megs argues that the accounts have a positive message since Lewis endured these hardships and eventually became a great writer. Megs adds that it is important for George to understand that all narratives “have a bad part” (100). She explains her belief that Lewis tells these stories to help her and George view life in a different way.

Megs recounts the plot of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe to her mother. She explains that it is about four children who are sent as evacuees to live with a professor. There, they discover a wardrobe that leads to the magical land of Narnia, where they are destined to be kings and queens. The children’s adventures involve a wicked witch and talking animals, including a lion named Aslan and a faun. Megs says that she thinks Aslan represents God. Mrs. Devonshire regrets her former disapproval of the stories.

Chapter 10 Summary: “The Map of Imagination”

Megs admires George’s drawing of Lewis in his attic as a child, which also depicts a lion in the background. She declares that her brother is an artist. When Megs asks George what he would like for Christmas, he replies that he wants to visit Dunluce Castle in Ireland and have an adventure. Megs tries to dissuade him from the idea, worried that the trip would be too dangerous for him. She tells George that the next part of the story is about Lewis’s early literary influences.

Chapters 6-10 Analysis

In exploring The Origins of Creative Expression, this section focuses on Lewis’s formative childhood experiences. Dunluce Castle is established as a motif through Lewis’s story of visiting the landmark with his mother. The sense of “longing” the castle inspired in Lewis conveys the mystical quality of artistic inspiration. The spiritually transformative nature of the experience prompted him to create Cair Paravel years later. However, Lewis’s sensitivity and inherent empathy mean that his mother’s death and his time at boarding school were particularly traumatic. For example, after witnessing the caning of another pupil, he later imagined the boy’s wounds and pain. However, the author also implies that it is these qualities that also marked Lewis out as a natural writer, prompting him to invent a story about a boy escaping a dungeon. Callahan illustrates how adversity can be transformed into something beautiful and worthwhile, suggesting that Oldie’s abuse of power at Wynyard inspired the White Witch’s tyrannical rule over Narnia.

George’s response to Lewis’s stories in these chapters also speaks to The Power of Storytelling in Shaping Human Experience. Mrs. Devonshire feels that her son should be protected from the somber content of some of Lewis’s tales. However, George appreciates that, like life, stories consist of both light and dark elements. The novel emphasizes that the purpose of fiction is not just escapism but also to prepare readers for life’s hardships. Lewis’s accounts of enduring adversity give George the strength to confront his own misfortune. The stories also inspire George toward his own mode of creative expression, as his drawings of Lewis and Narnia reveal his talent as an artist.

The appearance of the Narnian character Aslan in all of George’s drawings introduces the theme of The Role of Faith and Imagination. The lion, which symbolizes faith and the presence of God in Lewis’s Chronicles of Narnia, serves a similar function in Once Upon a Wardrobe. George’s fixation on the image of the lion reflects his belief in a greater power and a world beyond our own. His ability to hear the lion’s roar, even when he is asleep, is “both comforting and terrifying,” affirming that God is with him while also serving as a reminder that his earthly life will soon end (69). This spiritual emphasis is echoed in Padraig’s allusions to Lewis’s apologetics, such as The Screwtape Letters—texts that illustrate and defend his profound Christian faith.

An ongoing dialectic between logic and imagination is established in these chapters. The former is embodied in Megs, while the latter is represented by George, Lewis, and Padraig. Megs struggles to grasp Lewis’s insistence that stories convey important truths but are not “equations” with a single answer. Nevertheless, the protagonist undergoes notable development. Callahan demonstrates how exposure to Lewis’s stories and the world of Narnia changes Megs. Lewis’s insistence that she write his stories from memory after the event forces her to actively engage in the storytelling process. Megs’s desire to relate Lewis’s stories as vividly as possible to her brother prompts her to explore her neglected creative capabilities.

The expansion of Megs’s imagination and her growing appreciation of the fantastical is illustrated when she imagines a dragon circling the medieval tower of Magdalen College. The juxtaposition of the everyday and the extraordinary borders on the techniques of magical realism, as Oxford is presented as a magical setting. Megs’s description of the city, including “[t]he pinnacles and stone towers glitter[ing], and the wind blow[ing] wild and without warning,” could equally apply to the fantasy land created by Lewis (70). This coalescence of the real and fictional realms mirrors George’s ability to imaginatively immerse himself in the world of Narnia.

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