69 pages • 2 hours read
Jewell Parker RhodesA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Mama Ya-Ya does not leave her bed on Sunday. She is trying to dream but the effort is not successful. When Lanesha asks about going to see Mama’s grave, Mama Ya-Ya points out that Lanesha can see her mama’s ghost every day; then she tells Lanesha, “She’s still trying to birth you. Wants to make sure you can survive on your own” (120). Lanesha tries to disregard Mama Ya-Ya’s words, but the woman sticks to this message throughout the day, telling Lanesha that her coming trial is going to test her and that she “know[s] something” (121) but is leaving it for Lanesha to figure it out. Lanesha can smell the “damp, rotting, salty wet” (121) that signals Katrina’s approach, but she feels that the house is prepared.
Outside, neighbors are grilling meat and playing music; several offer her dinner—ribs, potato salad, hot dogs—which Lanesha accepts. She takes a bubble bath with the cherry soap she’s been saving. Mama Ya-Ya sleeps. The neighbors leave extra food on the porch for her. By evening, the neighbors are tucked inside, but now the ghosts take to the street, more than Lanesha has ever seen in one place at a time. Lanesha carries the TV upstairs to Mama Ya-Ya’s bedroom, and the weatherman tells viewers, “If you haven’t gotten out, buckle down” (127). Lanesha checks outside again and notes there is a curious silence that makes her think of the definition for vacuum: “absence of matter” (128).
When the storm finally hits in the early morning hours, it roars and shakes the house. Lanesha is terrified the house will fall apart and that they will die while being blown away. She manages to move Mama Ya-Ya into the bathtub. It is a long struggle to do so, and Mama Ya-Ya sustains a cut to her head. Spot jumps into the tub too. At one point the wind drops and Lanesha thinks the storm is over, but then it resumes just as strongly as before. She realizes they were in the eye of the hurricane and now it is passing over again. Finally it is over; Lanesha tries to dial 911, but the phone is dead. Lanesha thinks she might be able to see how the neighborhood fared if she goes up to the attic window but decides it is too dark. From her bed, Mama Ya-Ya yells for Lanesha to go see because they will soon be in the attic. Mama Ya-Ya sounds more like herself, but Lanesha is not comforted by the view from the attic because no stars are visible. She stands in the attic with Spot and cries.
As it becomes light outside, Lanesha brings cooked chicken to Mama Ya-Ya’s bedroom. She is happy that they survived and thinks Mama Ya-Ya is proud of her for keeping them safe, but she is still concerned about Mama Ya-Ya, who has no appetite. She tells Lanesha that she is old and winding down, and that it is good to see how strong and smart Lanesha is. TaShon arrives; he was separated from his parents at the Superdome, where thousands of people weathered the storm overnight. Bathroom supplies ran out almost immediately, and a piece of the roof blew off, terrifying everyone who sought shelter there. He walked home after the storm, thinking his parents might have returned to see their house’s condition. On the way, a white woman stopped and gave him a ride. TaShon cries from the stress of the night and then happily eats chicken. TaShon asks to stay until his parents get there, and Lanesha tells him he can. Privately, Lanesha thinks she and TaShon will have to go to the Superdome to find them because TaShon’s mother probably won’t leave if there is a chance her son is still there.
Lanesha sees that Mama Ya-Ya and her mother’s ghost sit together on Mama Ya-Ya’s bed now, holding hands and smiling. Mama Ya-Ya tells Lanesha that they have been praying and “decided we’re going to help you get birthed […] becoming grown in a different way” (157). Lanesha is irritated because this makes no sense to her, but she is too tired to argue. Mama Ya-Ya tells Lanesha she will need to move them up to the attic. While Mama Ya-Ya and TaShon sleep, Lanesha takes the boards off the bedroom window. The sky is blue, but the mess in the street is terrible and makes her feel “uneasy.”
Lanesha begins to move supplies to the attic. She sees her mother’s ghost on the attic stairs and feels proud that she is there watching her. Lanesha moves food, water, books, bedding, candles, and the flashlight to the attic. She goes to the shed for the axe with a vague idea that they might end up trapped, and while she is in the shed, water begins to fill the yard. Lanesha is shocked at how quickly the flood waters fill the house; Mama Ya-Ya is not at all surprised and reminds Lanesha that the point of the story of Noah was not the flood itself but God’s love, which he showed to Noah through hope and survival. Mama Ya-Ya convinces Lanesha that she has time to rest, so Lanesha lies on the bed and sleeps.
When Spot’s barking awakens her, Lanesha sees black, foul floodwater is halfway up the stairs to the second floor. She hustles everyone to the attic. It is a struggle to pull Mama Ya-Ya up the steep attic stairs, but she does it with TaShon’s help. The water smells like the Mississippi. TaShon panics because he cannot swim, but Lanesha calms him and they settle for the night. The night is miserably hot and the attic feels airless. When TaShon has to urinate, Lanesha gives him a cup and goes to the stairs to provide some privacy. She sees that the water is now filling the second floor. She tries to stay awake, but TaShon tells her she can rest. Lanesha curls up near Mama Ya-Ya and realizes her breathing is shallow. She tells Mama Ya-Ya that they are safely in the attic and that they will be fine. Mama Ya-Ya passes away. Lanesha knows she is no longer breathing and covers her with a blanket. She touches a necklace Mama Ya-Ya gave her and feels a lifetime of the woman’s love.
A while later, Lanesha goes to the stairs, knowing the water is still rising. She realizes she can use math to determine how fast the water is rising by timing it in small increments. After doing this, she knows they have about two hours until the floodwaters reach the attic.
These three chapters set multiple conflicts in Lanesha’s path, and she must soldier through each one despite increasing exhaustion, stress, fear, and sadness. Before the storm arrives, she is driven by the knowledge that she is the best hope Mama Ya-Ya and Spot have for surviving the hurricane, and she is comforted by how her neighbors tend to each other. Her many preparations help to calm her; she allows herself small rewards for her work, like the bubble bath and accepting good food for dinner. The foreshadowing details, notably the number of ghosts that replace the neighbors on the street and the vacuum-like atmosphere that evening, are too strong to deny, and Lanesha waits warily for Katrina’s arrival.
During the storm itself, Lanesha’s panic shows through occasionally. At one point she is convinced the house will lift away, and she wonders what the inside of the storm will look like; another time she simply screams “Die!” because she is convinced they will soon die. Her resolve and fortitude, however, run on autopilot as the storm batters the house and neighborhood; for example, she knows (whether by experience, observation, or intuition) that the bathtub will be the safest place and corrals the three of them into it. She tends to Mama Ya-Ya’s cut with a towel. She calls 911 as soon as the storm abates, and she seeks to comfort Mama Ya-Ya and Spot with the chicken she cooked. Her would-be celebration of survival, though, is dimmed by Mama Ya-Ya’s insistence that her coming trial will be an enormous struggle. Lanesha is irritated from this talk, but she knows from years of observing Mama Ya-Ya’s special sight that she must listen. Lanesha begins moving everything into the attic. Because she does this, they will have a fighting chance.
The blackness of the flood water symbolizes many deaths—Mama Ya-Ya’s among them—and destruction, and the dark days ahead for all New Orleans and its people; historically, recovery and rebuilding efforts went on for years after Katrina. Rhodes uses TaShon’s eyewitness view of the Superdome and the trip back to Ninth Ward to suggest the widespread devastation and impact of the storm on the vast numbers of people whom Lanesha cannot see. His observation of thousands provides both context and juxtaposition for the narrative’s focus on one small family (Lanesha’s), so that readers can try to maintain a perspective on the disaster that is both personal and sweeping.
By Jewell Parker Rhodes