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36 pages 1 hour read

Djuna Barnes

Nightwood

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1936

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: "Bow Down"

Nightwood opens in 1880, in the birthing room of Lady Hedvig Volkbein of Vienna. The bedroom where Lady Volkbein is to give birth, at the age of 45, to her only child, is decorated in the style of old wealth, with satin and a canopied bed. Born onto a coverlet embroidered with the Volkbein coat of arms is her son, Felix, one of the main characters of the novel.

Moments after giving birth, with time only to name her son, Lady Volkbein dies, leaving Felix an orphan; his father, Guido Volkbein, "a Jew of Italian descent" and both a "gourmet and a dandy" died of fever six months earlier (4).

Felix is raised by a nameless aunt, who knows little of the family's history, and he is left to fashion a persona for himself based on what little he does know. His sense of self, and his obsession and allegiance to what he terms "'Old Europe': aristocracy, nobility, royalty" comes from two family portraits left behind by his father (11). The paintings are supposedly of Felix's paternal grandparents, but we learn that they are fake, as is much of the identity he has inherited from his father:

The likeness was accidental. Had anyone cared to look into the matter they would have discovered these canvases to be reproductions of two intrepid and ancient actors. Guido had found them in some forgotten and dusty corner and had purchased them when he had been sure that he would need an alibi for the blood (9).

By 1920, at the age of 40, Felix is living in Paris and befriending circus performers and actors, whom he feels link his emotions "to the higher and unattainable pageantry of kings and queens” (13).

Through his friendship with these circus performers, Felix finds himself visiting Berlin and attending a late night party at the home of Count Onatorio Almonte. The gathering is full of eccentric characters, however the middle-aged Dr. Matthew O’Connor, “an Irishman from the Barbary Coast (Pacific Street, San Francisco), whose interest in gynecology had driven him half around the world" stands out (17). He is holding court with his long-winded and outlandish stories when Felix arrives. He and Felix begin a conversation about religion, sorrow, and execution until the count makes an entrance into his party (he has been absent so far) and, giving no reason as to why, orders everyone to leave.

Felix, the Duchess of Broadback, and the doctor all the leave the party together. The doctor suggests they move on to a bar, but Felix, who has already insisted many times that he “never drink[s] spirits” leaves the group and walks alone in the snowy night (26). Once at the bar, the doctor shares his observations about Felix with the Duchess: “There’s something missing and whole about the Baron Felix—damned from the waist up, which reminds me of Mademoiselle Basquette, who was damned from the waist down, a girl without legs" (29). 

Chapter 2 Summary: "La Somnambule"

Several weeks after they first met in Berlin, Felix and Dr. Matthew O’Connor (often referred to as the doctor) reacquaint themselves in Paris and visit O’Connor’s favorite evening haunt, the Cafe de la Marie du VI. Felix considers The doctor “undoubtedly [...] a great liar, but a valuable liar” (33). While carrying on a conversation about the various commonalities and differences of Irish and Jewish people, the two men are interrupted by the chasseur of a nearby hotel who is desperate for the doctor's assistance, as “a lady in twenty-nine ha[s] fainted” and [cannot] not be brought out of it" (37).

The doctor brings Felix along on this house call, which, although strange, is explained by the following: “None of the doctor’s methods being orthodox, Felix was not surprised at the invitation, but did as he was told” (37).

Once at the hotel, O’Connor and Felix arrive to find the character of Robin Vote “[o]n a bed, surrounded by a confusion of potted plants” (37). She is unconscious, giving off the scent of “earth-flesh, fungi” and giving the impression of being in decay, as if “her life lay through her in ungainly luminous deteriorations—the troubling structure of the born somnambule, who lives in two worlds—meet of child and desperado" (38).

The doctor momentarily rouses Robin Vote by slapping her wrists and flinging a handful of water on her face. She opens her eyes, insists that she’s okay, and then falls back “into the pose of her annihilation" (39).

While Robin Vote is unconscious, O’Connor takes the opportunity to swiftly use some of the items on her night table. What the doctor does not realize is that Felix sees him “snatching a few drops from a perfume bottle [...] dusting his darkly bristled chin with a puff, and drawing a line of rouge across his lips” (39).

The next day, perhaps prodded by the doctor's question as to whether he had “ever thought about women and marriage,” Felix calls on Robin Vote at her hotel (42). After a short and awkward romantic courtship, Felix proposes to Robin. Eventually, Felix pressures Robin into having a child and she prepares herself with “a stubborn cataleptic calm” (49). She is “strangely aware of some lost land in herself,” and she takes to “going out; wandering the countryside; to train travel, to other cities, alone and engrossed" (49). After the birth of her son, described as “small” and “sad,” Robin continues to feel lost (52). She finally leaves Felix and her son, disappearing for months after striking Felix across the face and exclaiming, “I didn’t want him!” (53).

When Robin re-emerges in Paris, she is accompanied by Nora Flood, whom she has presumably met while away in America. 

Chapter 3 Summary: "Night Watch"

Nora Flood is introduced to the reader as having “the strangest ‘salon’ in America,” “a ‘paupers’ salon for poets, radicals, beggars, artists, and people in love; for Catholics, Protestants, Brahmins, dabblers in black magic and medicine” (55). While attending the circus, she meets Robin, who is seated beside her in the front row and also alone. During an act involving caged lions, Robin becomes frightened when a lioness approaches her. Nora comforts her, taking her hand and leading her to the lobby. From then on the two are inseparable. Nora closes her house in America and travels through Europe with Robin. She purchases an apartment in Paris, and the two establish a home together, decorating it over time with a collection of whimsical items like circus chairs, wooden horses, and music boxes that “attested to their mutual love” and acts as a “museum of their encounter” (61).

Over time Robin’s love for Nora wanes, and she begins to go out at night, visiting cafes and bars. Feeling tormented by this separation, Nora starts to go out on her own, in an attempt to trail Robin. However, Robin and her love for Nora are elusive, and Nora moves through the city at night desperate to find even “traces of Robin, influences in her life,” watching “every moving figure for some gesture that might turn up in the movements made by Robin” (66).

After returning home one “interminable” night, Nora dreams of her grandmother dressed as a man with a mustache (67). Upon waking in the early dawn, Nora sees Robin in their courtyard, in the embrace of another woman:

Standing motionless, straining her eyes, she saw emerge from the darkness the light of Robin’s eyes, the fear in them developing their luminosity until, by the intensity of their double regard, Robin’s eyes and hers met. So they gazed at each other. As if that light had power to bring what was dreaded into the zone of their catastrophe (69).

Chapter 4 Summary: "'The Squatter'"

This chapter introduces Jenny Petherbridge, otherwise known as “the squatter,” as “a widow, a middle-aged woman who had been married four times" (71). She is also Robin Vote’s lover, and we can infer that she is the woman Nora spied Robin with at the end of the previous chapter. While Robin initially hides her relationship with Jenny from Nora, Jenny knows about Nora from the beginning because “to know Robin ten minutes was to know about Nora” (75).

Jenny and Robin often meet in the evenings at a restaurant or the opera. One autumn night, during one of these opera dates, a year after their first meeting in 1927, they bump into O’Connor on the promenade. To avoid gossip, Jenny must act as if it’s the first time she’s met Robin. She invites both O’Connor and Robin back to her house only to find “several actresses awaiting her, two gentlemen, and the Marchesa de Spada, a very old rheumatic woman (with an antique spaniel, which suffered from asthma), who believed in the stars” (76). The Marchesa de Spada reads everyone’s palms and subtly predicts that Robin “had come to the end of her existence and would return no more” (77). Shaken by this prediction, Jenny breaks up the fortune-telling by ordering carriages to take everyone out in the fresh air.

While on the carriage excursion, Jenny becomes increasingly jealous of the attention Robin is giving a young English woman and a child named Sylvia, who was inexplicably at the party. Jenny begins to sob and beat the carriage’s seat cushions until she is overcome and strikes Robin in the face, “scratching and tearing in hysteria, striking, clutching and crying” until blood runs down Robin’s cheeks (83). Robin jumps from the still-moving carriage and Jenny runs after her.

“Not long after,” Nora and Robin separate, and Jenny and Robin sail together to America (83). 

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

The first four chapters establish the main characters and take us through the primary plot points of: 1) Robin and Felix’s marriage, 2) Robin’s affairs with Nora and Jenny, and 3) the dissolution of all of Robin’s relationships. Structurally, each chapter is loosely organized around the backstory of a different character.

The first chapter, “Bow Down,” mainly focuses on Baron Felix Volkbein, while giving us an initial glimpse of Doctor Matthew O’Connor. Chapter 2, “La Somnambule,” introduces us to Robin Vote and quickly moves us through time to illustrate her evolution as “a catastrophe that had yet no beginning”(53). The third chapter, “Night Watch,” focuses on Nora Flood, as her instantaneous infatuation with Robin grows and finally leads her to become “dismantled” by her love (66). The fourth chapter “‘The Squatter,’” develops the character of Jenny Petherbridge by detailing the items—both physical property and personal mannerisms—she has stolen in her pathological need to inhabit the lives of others. The author makes a clear point that Robin is on this list of “plunder” (72). 

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