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Pedro MartínA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Pedro describes a Pegueros courting tradition called a serenata or “serenade.” People walk in the village plaza and men offer candy to women they are interested in. Pedro believes that being the grandson of someone as impressive as Abuelito will give him an edge with girls. When he spots a pretty girl named Margarita, he ducks into a store to buy some candy, despite his brothers and cousins assuring him that he has no chance with her. He spots a huge puerquito (pig) cookie specially decorated as a Christmas display and insists on buying it, even though the shopkeeper says he is not sure it is even edible. He pays a ridiculous amount of money for it, which his brothers and cousins make fun of, and Simón points out that giving cookies is not traditional anyway. Pedro replies that, as the grandson of a “famous warrior,” he can make his own rules (158). As he carries the cookie outside, several of the numerous flies drawn by the village’s real pigs get stuck in its icing. Simón digs them out with his knife, turning the cookie into a mess of fly parts stuck in icing. Margarita walks by, arm-in-arm with a boy wearing a large hat, and Simón comments that a big hat gets a person big love. As the boys try to eat the cookie without ingesting any flies, Simón explains that Mexican girls want boys who have horses and a secure future.
After the family has been in Mexico for three weeks, Abuelito is still not ready to go. The older children ask whether they can make the return trip home by themselves so that they can get back before school starts again. Pedro wants to leave with them, but they say no. Lila tells Pedro that it might be a while before Abuelito is ready to go and that he and Apá will need the support of the younger siblings because they are going through a tough time. She counsels Pedro that he will know how to help when the time comes, that it might be “something huge” or “something very small and gentle” (164). Before leaving, León and Noé play a prank on Pedro. They say that they have something to give him and then squirt him in the face with a plastic toy of a peeing boy. When he reacts angrily, they refuse to give him the real present they intended to give him: a small machete they bought in the Tijuana mercado. As Pedro watches his older siblings leave, he hopes that at least some of their skills have rubbed off on him. He calls Sal on the CB radio and asks Sal to put Noé on. Once Noé is listening, Pedro plays “Shapoopi” into the radio as a return prank.
The next day, Apá takes the younger children to the nearby city of Tepatitlán. Pedro notices that Apá is quiet, and he wonders if the time has come to be supportive. He gets distracted by a store that sells Pop Rocks, one of his favorite candies, and when Apá takes them into a boring store full of plastic flowers and pictures of saints, Pedro and his brothers slip out to find the candy store. When they return to the store where Apá is, the boys overhear him saying he needs to buy a child’s casket, and they are confused. A child comes up to them on the street, claiming to be their cousin. He asks for some of their candy, which they give him. Some of the Pop Rocks get caught in the mucus dripping from the child’s nose, creating bubbles. The boys are laughing hard when they see Apá walk by carrying a tiny casket.
On the drive back, Apá explains that Abuelito refuses to leave for the US until he knows that his animals have good homes, and his deceased wife is “safe” (178). Apá tells them that when he was 19, his mother died. Before that, four of her sons died, when they were still small children. Shocked to realize all his father has been through, Pedro knows that, as annoying as he finds his brothers, it would be tragic to lose them this way. He still confused about how they can help his grandmother, because she is already dead.
Back in Pegueros, Apá shows the children the cemetery where their grandmother is buried. An underground stream that has changed course will soon wash away the bones in the cemetery, and he has been trying to find someone to disinter her and move her remains to an above-ground tomb. No one is available to do it for months—so Apá says they will have to do it themselves. The next morning, the family goes to the cemetery, and a worker shows them where to dig. Pedro feels bad that his grandmother has been alone in the overgrown, neglected graveyard all these years. The coffins are buried in layers to save money, and so the family must move other coffins to get to Abuelita’s remains. Pedro thinks that Abuelito looks unusually frail as he begins to dig. Amá tells the boys that their father and grandfather are experienced at digging in this hard dirt, because they once had a rancho nearby. After a drought ruined their crops when Apá was about 16, he and one of his brothers snuck out to go work on a farm about 100 miles away, picking cotton so the family would survive. Pedro is dismayed at the hardships his family suffered.
As the men are digging, they find the rotted remains of a baby’s coffin and then another. They respectfully gather the bones and place them in a tub. Finally, the cemetery worker says that they have found Abuelita. The hole is filling with mud, but they begin extracting her bones. Pedro is overwhelmed with how sad and sweet it seems all at the same time. One of Pedro’s younger brothers announces that Adam wanted to go home and has headed off toward the highway. They find Abuelita’s skull and place it in the tub. Amá says a prayer over the tub of bones and then they take them into the motorhome where Apá and Amá place them into the casket Apá bought. As they drive back home, Pedro helps his grandfather keep the lid of the casket in place on the bumpy road. They find Adam curled up in bed at home. He claims to have just gotten too much sun, but Pedro knows that his brother is feeling sad and overwhelmed. He tactfully agrees that they all got too much sun and offers to split a soda with his little brother.
A few days later, Pedro’s aunt hosts a goodbye party for Abuelito. After a while, someone asks Hugo to play the guitar and Pedro and his brothers to sing. They protest that they do not know any Mexican songs, but the relatives assure them that it is fine to sing an American song they know. When Hugo says that Pedro has some songs memorized, Pedro begins to panic. All he can think of is “Shipoopi.” Fortunately, Abuelito interrupts and says that he will sing his favorite song, “Prieta Linda.” The sad and beautiful love song moves many of the adults to call out gritos. Other relatives sing similar songs, and after a while Pedro feels so moved by the bittersweet melodies and by his feelings of sadness from the cemetery combined with his happiness at the family gathering that he, too, tries a grito. When it ends up choked off in his chest, he worries that he is not “Mexican enough” to express himself in “a real Mexican fashion” (212). Late that night, the relatives all kiss Abuelito’s hand to say goodbye and load Pedro’s family up with gifts and food. Abuelito stands in the motorhome’s doorway, and Pedro thinks he is about to make a grand farewell speech—but all he says is “Hasta luego” (214).
Chapters 11-15 focus on Pedro’s growth as a character—as the older children literally leave to cross a border on their own in Chapter 12, Pedro crosses a metaphorical border of his own, gradually becoming more mature. In Chapter 11, Pedro’s comically botched attempt to woo Margarita evidences both his immaturity and his still-in-process understanding of The Richness of Mexican Culture. Pedro’s initial attempts to embrace his Mexican identity reflect his lingering immaturity: his belief that his grandfather’s identity somehow makes him special, not bound by the same rules and expectations that bind others. In attempt to embody a more mature, romantic version of himself, he fails to take Margarita’s perspective into account when he spends his money on the cookie, even when Simón tries to advise him against it. However, once his older set of siblings leaves Mexico to return to the United States for school, Pedro takes seriously Lila’s directive to “step up and be strong” (164). He thinks of all the traits the older siblings have that he admires and hopes that enough of their abilities have rubbed off on him that he will be ready to meet the challenges ahead, signaling the evolution of his growth as a character.
Martín juxtaposes Pedro’s steps toward maturity with more childlike behavior and thoughts, emphasizing his character as very much in progress. Lila’s words remain in Pedro’s mind when his father takes the younger siblings to Tepatitlán in Chapter 13. Even as Pedro notices Apá’s somber mood and resolves to be supportive for his father, he’s almost immediately distracted by the sight of Pop Rocks, and he sneaks off with his siblings to go to the candy store, leaving Apá to deal with the casket purchase alone. The gleeful hilarity Pedro feels when the child who asks to try the Pop Rocks gets them stuck in the mucus running from his nose further highlights his liminal state between childhood and adulthood. The juxtaposition of this moment with the scene where Apá carries a child-sized casket past his sons illustrates The Bittersweet Nature of Life and foreshadows the imminent “death” of some part of Pedro’s carefree, childlike worldview.
After the casket passes by, the tone of the narrative grows more serious and Martín highlights several experiences of Pedro’s central to his character growth. During the drive back to Pegueros, Pedro learns of the deaths of Abuelita and her four sons, allowing him to begin to see his father as a human with life experiences of his own, increasing his empathy for and understanding of Apá. Pedro compares his own life to his father’s and realizes how ungrateful he has been for his own siblings and his comparatively easy life. The somber task of moving Abuelita’s bones, intended to give both Abuelito and Abuelita peace in different ways, reinforces the lessons Pedro’s parents have been teaching him about The Importance of Caring for Others. Pedro demonstrates his internalization of this lesson through his guilt that the family has left Abuelita “alone for so long” in “this tangle of weeds and rocks” (187). His mother’s description of Apá picking cotton in order to keep his family from starving serves a similar function, cementing Pedro’s understanding of how much the older generations of his family have struggled and sacrificed.
Martín uses these scenes centered on Abuelita and the moving of her bones as a turning point in Pedro’s arc, demonstrating his growing understanding of The Bittersweet Nature of Life. Pedro comments that it is all “kind of sad” and at the same time “very sweet,” remarking that even though these feelings seem contradictory, they can actually go together and that he is “sure there’s a word for it” (196). Pedro does not yet know the word bittersweet—emphasizing his youth—but for the first time, he deeply understands the feeling. Martín positions this understanding that life can be both joyous and sad—sometimes by turns, sometimes all in the same moment—as an important marker of Pedro’s growing maturity.
Pedro demonstrates the impact of this moment when, on the ride back home, he helps his grandfather steady the casket containing Abuelita’s bones. He also goes along with Adam’s pretense of having gotten too much sun instead of teasing him about feeling upset, and chooses to comfort his brother instead. When Pedro hears Abuelito sing “Prieta Linda,” he’s filled with that feeling of joy and sorrow mixed and has the urge to release the “fiery ball in [his] chest” in the form of a grito but remains unable to vocalize it. That this quintessentially Mexican expression of feeling stays trapped in Pedro’s chest indicates that he still has some growing to do with regard to understanding both The Richness of Mexican Culture and The Bittersweet Nature of Life.
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