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53 pages 1 hour read

Natasha Trethewey

Memorial Drive: A Daughter’s Memoir

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2020

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Part 1, Chapters 3-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Soul Train”

By the spring of 1974, Natasha was starting to distance herself, feeling as though she were on “the periphery of [her] mother’s new life” (75). When she returned to Atlanta in August 1973, after spending the summer at her grandmother’s house, Gwen announced that she and Joel were married, and that Natasha was going to have a new little brother. Gwen and Joel had also moved to a new apartment, in which Natasha would have a bigger room. The family’s new apartment was in the same neighborhood, which allowed Natasha to remain at Venetian Hills Elementary.

Meanwhile, Natasha knew little about Joel, who explained away any of his idiosyncrasies by mentioning Vietnam. Natasha noticed that he was missing his second and third toes. Natasha thinks that he may have been born with malformed feet and was too ashamed to admit that, using the Vietnam War as an explanation. She also noticed “his slightly bulging eye,” trembling hands, and quivering lips (77). At night, she saw him sitting in the near dark, drinking, and singing into a microphone connected to the stereo. He sang along with a record as though to convince himself that there was an artist somewhere within him. There were signs of this, too, in his attempts to draw.

The first neighborhood family whom they met, the Dunns, included five boys who were close in age. They could also sing and dance like the Jackson Five and often joned each other, as they called it. This was “playing the dozens,” or what they called janking in Mississippi (a game where people insult one another until someone gives up). When they weren’t teasing each other with “yo’ mama” jokes that sometimes went too far, they listened to records or jumped on pogo sticks.

One evening, Natasha went home and found a large pot boiling and live lobsters in the sink. Gwen was singing along to Al Green’s “I’m Still in Love with You.” She was celebrating the completion of her Master’s in social work. Joel, she added, had recently enrolled in technical school. In a photograph they took that evening, Gwen and Joel looked like they were members in a soul music band with their matching bell bottoms and Afros. Natasha recalls this as one night in those years with Joel when Gwen appeared truly happy. After dinner, they went to the Dunns’s apartment for a party. They danced the Bump, the Four Corners, and the Loose Booty. When the Jackson Five’s “Dancing Machine” came on, Gwen took center stage. Natasha recalls that her mother was especially beautiful when she danced. The crowd spit in two, forming a Soul Train, and “she made her way down the middle” (81). Natasha remembered this moment, many years later, when she saw how the mourners in front of the church where her mother’s funeral was held split to make room for the pallbearers.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Loop”

Natasha often wonders if things would have turned out differently if she had told her mother about how Joel tormented her in private. Natasha thought she was being good by keeping this information from her mother, by not complaining. One of his torture methods was to pretend that he was sending Natasha away, due to some transgression he had invented. He made her pack her things, got her in his car, and drove her around Interstate 285’s seemingly endless loop for an hour. He’d then return her home. By then, Natasha’s face was puffy and streaked with tears.

By fourth grade, Natasha began having bad dreams in which someone stood over her in her room and she could neither scream nor move. She knows now that this was sleep paralysis—a state of consciousness between sleep cycles, in which the mind and body seem divided.

When Natasha moved back to Atlanta 15 years after her mother’s death, she would take a long detour to avoid Interstate 285. She noticed how, on a map, the highway looked like “an anatomical heart imprinted on the landscape, a wound where Memorial intersects it” (85).

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “Pardon”

Natasha recalls Gwen sitting on her bed, changing baby Joey’s diaper. The television stations had been playing the Watergate trial all week. Big Joe walked in. Then, Gerald Ford came onto the TV screen and said that the trial could go on, but someone had to bring it to an end.

Part 1, Chapters 3-5 Analysis

In this section, Natasha contemplates the creation of a family in which she felt somewhat excluded, and her immersion into an idyllic suburban life marred by the terrible secrets that her family kept.

Natasha tried to understand Joel. Her characterization of him as a failed artist is her attempt to explain why he may have been so hostile toward her and her mother, for they had found purpose and meaning, while he seemed to struggle to make sense of his life. Gwen bloomed during these early years in Atlanta. Her fully developed Afro and the joy she found in dancing to soul music indicated an enthusiastic embrace of her Black identity. Natasha, for the first time, developed friendships with other Black children.

However, this was also the period in which Joel’s abusive behavior began. The Loop is a physical place, but it is also symbolic of a cycle of abuse that may have started with Natasha. This abuse included Joel’s incessant gaslighting, in which he accused Natasha of acts that she had not committed—a habit that he would later exercise toward Gwen.

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