81 pages • 2 hours read
Virginia Euwer WolffA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
In the brief opening chapter of Make Lemonade, 14-year-old narrator LaVaughn tells readers she’s recounting her story “just the way it went,” including the pieces she’s not certain she’s “understood” (3). Comparing the events of the novel to a bird she glimpses only for a moment before it flies off, LaVaughn vows to tell her story “with all the details I remember” (3).
On her school’s job board, LaVaughn sees a flyer reading “BABYSITTER NEEDED BAD” (4). LaVaughn’s mother will allow her to work as long as LaVaughn finishes her homework, which is “a completely required thing/like a vaccination” (4). When LaVaughn calls the number from the ad, the voice on the other end, who introduces herself as Jolly, sounds to LaVaughn like someone who could be a friend: “like we could be friends/right away” (4). LaVaughn arranges to meet Jolly and her children after school.
LaVaughn goes to meet Jolly and discovers she is only 17 and has two children: 2-year-old Jeremy and baby Jilly. Jolly lives in “even a worse place” (6) than LaVaughn’s apartment building, and Jolly’s apartment is “smelly” (7) and filthy. LaVaughn reminds herself that she could still refuse the position, but while Jolly is explaining that she can’t lose her factory job, and repeating that she “can’t do it alone” (7), Jeremy reaches for LaVaughn’s hand. LaVaughn says she’ll take the job, but she has to ask her mom—a statement that causes Jolly’s eyes to “experiment with the word mom” (7), as though it’s a concept she’s not familiar with.
LaVaughn begins this chapter by stating that “this word COLLEGE is in my house,/and you have to walk around it in the rooms/like furniture” (9). She explains that when she was in fifth grade, she watched a movie about college in school and asked her mom if she could attend college herself one day. Her mother responded that no one in her family, and no one in their entire apartment building, had gone to college—but “‘somebody got to be the first, right?’” (10). She warned LaVaughn that college requires “money and hard work” (10), and as the years passed, she put some money aside for a college fund, but LaVaughn will have to earn most of her money for tuition. Thus, LaVaughn has decided to take the babysitting job—to get to college and “get me out of here” (11).
On the bus home from Jolly’s, LaVaughn wonders how she’ll convince her mother to agree to the babysitting job. LaVaughn says her mother spends her evenings working for the Tenant Council—as the council captain, she fights to “keep the bad elements out” (14) of their inner city home. LaVaughn resolves to tell her mother she needs the money and can do homework while the kids sleep; she won’t tell her mom about “that sideways look of Jolly’s eyes/like a car will come out of nowhere & run her down” (15). Returning to her apartment, LaVaughn sees “the Watchdog lady patrolling the street” (15), and mentions that she’s taken a woman’s self-defense class. Still, she is careful not to enter the elevator of her building if there are “strangers inside” (15).
LaVaughn tells her mother about the babysitting position, but leaves out the fact that Jolly is only 17. Although she’s concerned LaVaughn won’t have time to do her homework, her mother lets her take the job, but warns “you let those grades slip down, you’ll be sorry./Not from me. From your life you’ll be sorry” (19). LaVaughn, imagining herself “marching up the steps of a college” and no longer living “where they have Watchdogs and self-defense” (19), calls Jolly to tell her she’ll accept the job.
Looking back on her time spent babysitting, LaVaughn says that Jolly’s kids “were sloppy and drippy” (2), that Jolly was always on the verge of losing her electricity, and the rent usually “ain’t paid” (2). She wonders why she “kept going back” (20) and remembers a time Jeremy cried from a nightmare, and when LaVaughn held him, he “shut up for a minute” before “start[ing] again” (2).
LaVaughn’s friends, Myrtle and Annie, warn her the babysitting job will cause problems—the apartment is dirty, she might not get paid, and her grades will slip. But LaVaughn’s mind is “made up”—“clenched/like you’d clench a fist” (21)—and she’s determined to keep the job.
During her first week of babysitting, LaVaughn notices a spiderweb attached to an “almost-dead hanging plant” (22) over baby Jilly’s high chair. LaVaughn sees the web, a “thready place of air” (22), move when Jilly cries, and thinks that Jilly “could shake a spider’s whole style of life/just by her sad hollering” (22).
LaVaughn describes the filth in Jolly’s apartment: the “rooms smell like last week’s garbage” and “You can’t imagine the things that live/down the plugged drain” (23). Since babysitting takes time away from her studies, LaVaughn got a C-minus on a recent test, but still imagines herself going to college and working in an office, and “never see[ing] a place like [Jolly’s] again” (23). Despite her vision, she still feels “afraid” (24) as she looks at herself in Jolly’s dirty mirror.
LaVaughn brings a pot of dirt and lemon seeds to Jolly’s and helps Jeremy plant the seeds, explaining that “If you want something to grow/and be so beautiful you could have a nice day just from/looking at it,/you have to wait” (25). Jeremy sits and watches the pot, calling it “lemon blom [sic]” (25), and LaVaughn thinks that the boy is “concentrating”—“or praying” (25).
The opening chapters of Make Lemonade introduce two teen girls living in the inner city, 14-year-old LaVaughn and 17-year-old Jolly, and immediately set up a strong contrast between them. While LaVaughn lives in a poor and dangerous area, she has a strong determination to attend college and a mother who supports her goal. Jolly, on the other hand, is a single mother with two children, a full-time factory job and no high-school diploma. She lives in “even a worse place” (6) than LaVaughn, and the overall circumstances of her life are even worse as well. Jolly’s apartment is filthy to the point of being unsanitary, she is always on the verge of having the electricity cut off, and her rent is perpetually unpaid. When she begins working for Jolly, LaVaughn is forced to look beyond her own problems and consider how others face even greater challenges—a new perspective that will lead to character growth throughout the novel.
Make Lemonade is told through LaVaughn’s point of view, and these first chapters place a huge emphasis on LaVaughn’s desire to attend college, to the point that it drives most of her thoughts and actions. Several times in this section, LaVaughn reminds herself that college will be her ticket away from the inner city, and her mom also emphasizes the importance of school. Though her mother allows her to take the babysitting job, she warns LaVaughn that if her grades fall and she doesn’t get into college, she’ll be “sorry.” “Not from me,” she says, but “from your life you’ll be sorry” (19). Clearly, LaVaughn’s mother has a huge influence on LaVaughn’s work ethic and outlook, an influence she’ll continue to exert throughout the novel.
LaVaughn’s college plans even drive her decision to look for a job and save money, but when she chooses to work for Jolly, a conflict between two sides of LaVaughn’s character emerges. LaVaughn knows that, logically, working for a teen mom is not the best option, but the connection she feels to Jolly and her children leads her to make an impractical choice. LaVaughn is drawn to Jolly’s voice on the phone, thinking “we could be friends” (4), and she’s moved by Jolly’s insistence that she “‘can’t do it alone’” (7); she’s also swayed by the way Jeremy reaches a hand out for her. As LaVaughn begins babysitting, her grades do slip, but she is attached to Jolly and her children and refuses to quit. Clearly, LaVaughn’s single-minded focus on college, while still strong, is challenged by her desire to connect and help others.
In contrast to LaVaughn, Jolly does not receive as much character development in this section, as readers are not privy to her point of view, and LaVaughn spends more time with Jolly’s children than with Jolly herself. However, Wolff does include a crucial statement from Jolly in this section: “‘Reality is my babies only got one thing in the whole world/and that’s me and that’s the reality’” (20). From the opening pages of the novel, the author ensures readers understand just how much Jolly’s children mean to her. Just as LaVaughn’s mother hopes to protect her, Jolly hopes to protect her children, and the author begins to explore varying definitions of family that will develop further as the book continues.
In Chapter 11, Wolff introduces a central symbol of the novel, as LaVaughn helps Jeremy plant lemon seeds in a pot. Jeremy watches and speaks to the lemon seeds, as if he’s “concentrating or praying” (25), and he will continue to watch and wait for the seeds to grow throughout the novel. The lemon seeds become a powerful symbol of hope and growth. Although for much of the novel, Jolly’s situation seems hopeless, readers know that these seeds are always there, waiting and, perhaps, sprouting new life.