logo

72 pages 2 hours read

Jack Mayer

Life in a Jar: The Irena Sendler Project

Nonfiction | Book | Middle Grade | Published in 2005

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 3, Chapters 23-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3

Chapter 23 Summary: “National History Day: Kansas, Feb–May 2000”

Part 3 brings the reader back into the present day, and back to focus on Liz, Megan, and Sabrina. At the end of February, after inquiring about the location of Irena’s grave, Liz receives an email back from David Weinstein of the JFR informing her that, contrary to her and the others’ belief, Irena Sendler is still alive. He also provides Irena’s address in Poland, and the three girls immediately craft a letter to her, including three dollars for reply postage.

As the weeks pass waiting for Irena’s reply, the girls continue fine-tuning the play and rehearsing for Kansas History Day. After a while, the girls begin to wonder if Irena intends to reply, reasoning that she might not want to be reminded of the war or else just can’t be bothered with three high school girls in Kansas.

The girls finally receive a reply in April; however, the contents—a letter, some photographs, and a certificate—are written in Polish, Hebrew, and French. Mr. C. is able to translate the French parts of the certificate, which is for the Yad Vashem award Irena received from Israel. As he happens to know some university students from Poland, he mails the letter to them to request a translation.

Two weeks later, they receive the translation from Krzysztof Zyskowski, a student at the University of Kansas. In her letter, Irena expresses curiosity as to what made the girls choose this subject, but also warmth and gratitude for their work and their kindness, writing that it “has a great value for the world,” as “[t]hese monstrous crimes/atrocities cannot be repeated” (239). Rather than writing about her experiences, she instead includes materials on ZEGOTA; she also informs them that she donated the three dollars they sent, and that she has her social security and therefore does not need money.

After reading the letter, the girls wonder about one line in particular: “I am curious if you are an exception or more young people in your country are interested in the Holocaust” (239). Megan considers this question: “Seems like tons of people are interested in the Holocaust […] there are thousands of books, web sites, plays, [and] movies” (242), but she also wonders if perhaps this isn’t true in Poland. Sabrina wonders if they have the right to “tell the Polish people about their history” (242). Mr. C. responds, however, that this is “a question historians face every day” (242).

In May, the girls travel to, and win, Kansas History Day. Still, they continue to revise the play in their minds, and they decide to write to Irena to ask if there are any mistakes that need to be corrected prior to the national competition.

In June, they travel to Washington, D.C., for National History Day at nearby University of Maryland. On a free afternoon, they visit the Holocaust Memorial Museum, recognizing a photograph of Irena upon entering. During their visit, the girls all become overwhelmed with emotion. Afterwards, they meet with an administrative assistant to find more information about Irena. However, they have far more, and far more accurate, information on her than the museum’s database does, and he suggests that they email the information they have to the museum to help them complete their records.

Still feeling emotional from their previous day’s trip to the museum, the girls do not perform as well for nationals, receiving high scores but failing to win a prize. However, they are approached afterwards and congratulated for becoming “agents of history” (247), and they are invited to New York City to perform the play for the JFR, as well.

The next day, they drive from Washington, D.C., to New York City for the performance. At the conclusion of the play, they at first fear the worst when the room is silent. The Holocaust survivors at the JFR, however, break into applause. Following the applause, the director tells the girls that he originally wondered what three girls from Kansas could teach survivors about the Holocaust; however, after viewing the play, he finds that he is touched by their simple, but “very powerful story” (249).

Chapter 24 Summary: “Benefactors: Kansas, July 2000–May 2001”

Liz, Sabrina, and Megan begin to receive more requests to perform the play: “In the 12 years Mr. C. had been overseeing National History Day projects at Uniontown High School, Life in a Jar was the first to generate so much attention beyond the competition” (251). The girls decide to “take this project on the road” (251). Megan even jokingly suggests that they should try to travel to Poland to perform the play for Irena; however, even just a local tour stretches thin the budgets of the three girls from the low-income Uniontown school district. The group expands to meet their new needs. Jessica Shelton joins them as their road manager, and Nick Caton joins to play a male German soldier.

They continue sending letters, and money, to Irena in Poland, but “every check they sent was acknowledged with a receipt from the charitable organization or orphanage to which she immediately donated the funds” (252). Megan wonders why she won’t accept their donations, but they “only conclude that her mission had never ended” (252).

In September, Irena writes to tell them that, with the help of her friend, she was finally able to read the play, as she is no longer able to read on her own. She writes that it is impossible to fully comprehend everything that happened then “by any sane, mentally healthy or normal thinking human being” (253). She also tells them that the reason they never received an initial response was because her son, Adam, to whom their letter was directed, had passed away just before the letter was received, resolving a longstanding mystery for them. She concludes by praising and thanking the students.

At the beginning of the new school year, the girls begin to experience racist and homophobic harassment due to the play. Mr. C. reacts to each incident, but a local school board member eventually expresses his own concerns about the play due to its content and its related finances, despite having never seen it, claiming that “[i]t’s a political project that has nothing to do with the American History [Mr. C. is] supposed to be teaching” (255). However, a local businessman and prominent member of the Kansas City Jewish community, Howard Jacobson, responded by writing to the school board in support of the play and pledging to donate $1,000 per year to help offset expenses.

Throughout the fall, the girls continue to travel to perform the play despite needing to forego other obligations in order to do so. Requests for performances begin to overwhelm their schedules, and by winter, they must decline requests. Even so, they still perform trying feats, even, at one point, performing four times in one day as a favor to a friend of Mr. C.’s. This performance, however, proves to be serendipitous: another local businessman, John Shuchart, sees the performance and is so moved that he invites the girls to lunch to discuss the play. When he discovers that the girls are currently trying to raise money to take the performance to Poland, he raises the money within two days to fund their trip.

Shortly before the trip, they receive another letter from Irena. This one, however, confuses them, as she asks them never to do what she herself did. They conclude that she is trying to protect them, as a mother would.

Bozenna Gilbride, a Polish American expert on ZEGOTA living in New York, contacts the girls to give them more information about the resistance and stories about the underground movements. She had herself interviewed Irena, and she made documentaries about ZEGOTA, but “they did not enjoy a large audience, and she had been frustrated that her endeavor had fallen on deaf ears” (259). She helps them plan their trip to Poland and puts them in contact with Bieta, the girl with the silver spoon rescued by Irena.

A few weeks prior to their trip, Bozenna also puts them in touch with a young reporter for The Warsaw Voice, Marcin Fabjanski, who travels to Kansas to do a story on the girls. He tells them that he worries “that seeing too much of the dark side will turn [him] into a cynical old reporter,” but that after spending time with the students in Kansas, his “faith is renewed” (260). His piece is published two days prior to the girls’ arrival in Poland.

Chapters 23-24 Analysis

The girls experience their first major stumble at the national competition. The text suggests that their performance wasn’t as strong due to their experience at the museum the prior day, which reinforces the way personal connections and experiences make the abstract more real for the students—they’ve seen photographs and videos, of course, but the museum makes these things concentrated in a way they’d been able to avoid until this point. Nevertheless, their stumble translates into a different kind of success, and it’s interesting that it’s only after this point that things truly begin to take off for them, almost as if they needed the stumble in order to better move forward.

Their initial correspondence with Irena is certainly part of that progression, and what is interesting about the letters is the way Irena’s own sense of identification progresses along with them. She is initially Irena, but eventually begins adding her code name, Jolanta, before ultimately signing her letters with Jolanta ahead of Irena. It is almost as if the more she communicates with them, the more she is able to shift back into that older identity and that older set of stories, albeit never fully.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text