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57 pages 1 hour read

Rebecca Stead

Liar & Spy

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2012

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 15-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “Big Picture”

Bob English passes Georges a note in science class, and Georges reflects that he’s starting to like Bob English a lot. At lunch, Dallas and Carter make fun of Georges, bumping into him and chanting “geek.” Georges thinks about his family’s Seurat poster and recalls his mother’s advice to think about the “big picture” rather than focusing on the unimportant “dots” (90) that make up daily life. At home after school, Georges watches one of the America’s Funniest Home Videos tapes that his mother recorded for him. Later, in Safer’s apartment, Georges learns from Safer’s mother that Safer and his siblings were allowed to name themselves. She explains, “[B]y the age of two or so they had expressed who they were and what they cared about most. We just sort of—interpreted” (92). Georges tells her that he was named after Georges Seurat, the artist. He explains that Seurat was kind of part artist and part scientist in his approach to color theory, and that this matches his parents, for his father is an artist, and his mother a science person. Safer is concerned when Candy says they were telling Georges about their names, but Candy assures him they only explained hers and Pigeon’s. Georges asks how Safer got his name, but Safer says they’re wasting time and need to get into Mr. X’s apartment.

Georges refuses to break into Mr. X’s apartment, so Safer tasks him with watching the lobbycam to see if Mr. X comes home. If Georges sees Mr. X, he will bang SOS in Morse code on the heating pipe that runs through all the apartments on that side of the building. They go upstairs to Mr. X’s apartment, where Georges notices that Mr. X has stickers for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), a sticker encouraging pescetarianism, and a sticker for the Audubon Society. Safer tries to encourage Georges by pointing out that the gum wrapper is still in the door frame, which means that Mr. X isn’t home. Georges thinks there are issues with this theory and believes that the gum wrapper system will not reliably indicate whether Mr. X is home or not.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Umami”

Georges blurts this reasoning out to Safer, who tells him to relax. Safer notes that sometimes people leave their doorknobs unlocked. He jiggles the doorknob, but it’s locked; Safer turns and runs back to his apartment, with Georges following. Back at Safer’s apartment, Georges asks what Safer would have done if the door had been unlocked. Safer says he would have made a note of it but confirms to Georges that he wouldn’t have gone in because “planning is essential” (99).

Candy comes into the living room to give Georges a printed article about the umami taste. They talk about how odd it is that people like different tastes and aren’t biologically programmed to enjoy healthy food and spit out poison. The boys go to Georges’s apartment, where Safer shows Georges how to bang an SOS on the heating pipe in the kitchen. Georges is hesitant about the plan, but Safer tells him he’s broken into apartments before using a credit card, and that as long as Georges is on lookout, everything will be fine. Georges agrees to be the lookout once only; Safer says they’ll go through with the plan right now.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Break and Enter (1)”

Safer tells Georges to call the police if he’s not back in 10 minutes, then takes off his shoes and socks and walks out the door. Georges watches the lobbycam faithfully but sees no one but a young neighbor boy who enjoys knock-knock jokes. Georges uses the intercom to tell the boy a knock-knock joke, causing him to laugh hysterically. Suddenly Safer asks if Georges is having fun—he has somehow reentered the apartment without Georges noticing. Safer criticizes Georges for talking over the lobbycam to tell jokes. Safer tells Georges that Mr. X had a handsaw on newspaper on his dining room table, bleach and cleaners under his kitchen sink, and a suspiciously clean bathtub, but that he couldn’t find anything that to open with the little gold key. Safer returns to his own apartment; Georges watches America’s Funniest Home Videos until his father comes home and they go to Yum Li’s for dinner. His dad tells him that he saw Georges’s mom that day and she’s “a trouper […]. She’s amazing. Really strong. Everything is going great there” (107).

On the way back from Yum Li’s, they pass Candy, Pigeon, and their parents walking home from DeMarco’s with a pizza box for Safer. Unsure of why Safer is not with the family, Georges speculates that Safer is still mad at Pigeon. Georges’s mother calls while his father is downstairs doing laundry. She sounds tired and asks Georges to tell her about one of the funny home videos he’s watching. That night, Georges leaves a Scrabble message: “KANGAROOS ARE QUIET / LOVE ME” (109).

Chapter 18 Summary: “Blue”

In the morning, the Scrabble tiles read: “KOALAS LOVE TO SLEEP” (110). Georges looks it up and confirms that koalas sleep 18 to 22 hours a day. On the way into science class, Dallas and Carter call Georges “Gorgeous” and say he’s “SDP,” which stands for “So. Damn. Pathetic” (110). Bob English asks why Georges does nothing when Dallas and Carter bully him. Georges thinks that there are two versions of him, the way there are two versions of the letter G—the hard G and the soft G. The hard G goes to school and “nothing can hurt him” (111). He thinks that he used to know which version of himself is the real one, but he’s not sure anymore.

Dallas bullies Georges in the cafeteria at lunch, and Mandy stands up to Dallas, who turns his attention to her and starts to taunt her over her affection for Gabe, claiming that Gabe thinks she’s gross and that the two of them will never get married, no matter what the results of the taste test turn out to be. In gym class, Ms. Warner chooses Georges to be the captain of one of the teams for Capture the Flag—the blue team. Georges knows that being chosen last for a team can be devastating, so he chooses all kids who are usually picked last, and soon realizes that he’s having fun. His team members all choose code names like “Spike, Shark Attack, and Laser” (114). They hide their flag really well and then ignore the red team’s flag entirely. Carter, Dallas, and Mandy get upset that the game isn’t going the way it usually does. The game officially ends on a tie because the red team never finds the blue team’s flag.

At Bennie’s after school, Carter and Dallas bother Georges again. He talks back to them this time, and Dallas shoves him against the chip rack. Bennie interrupts and kicks Dallas out of the shop. Back at his apartment, Georges finds a note from Safer saying that Mr. X left with a suitcase at 12:45 p.m. The phone rings; Georges picks it up and is surprised to find that the caller is not Safer, but Bob English. Bob points out that even if Georges cannot taste the chemical on the taste-test day, he can always pretend that he does. Upstairs, Safer tells Georges that it’s time to go back into Mr. X’s apartment, but that first they must make a list of things that can be opened with a key. Georges has a lot of ideas because his parents have taken him along on a lot of antique shopping trips. Safer praises him for his insight and tells him he’s not a novice anymore and that he’s ready for the next step—night work.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Break and Enter (2)”

Georges puts his cell phone in a tube sock and sleeps on it so that the vibration will wake him up when Safer calls, which he does at two in the morning. Georges goes on their mission in his pajamas, which dismays Safer, who says, “Spies get dressed” (121). Georges doesn’t want to go inside Mr. X’s apartment, so Safer tells him that he can just stand lookout. Georges refuses that, too, and goes downstairs to his bed. His cell phone rings—Safer, asking what he would open if he was a key. As they talk, Safer says “uh oh,” and “wait,” and then hangs up. Georges runs upstairs to help. He goes into Mr. X’s apartment and finds Safer casually sipping a bottle of water. Georges, angry, pulls Safer out into the hallway and says he’s made him a criminal. Safer says Georges isn’t a criminal, he’s a hero, and that he gave Georges the gift of knowing what kind of person he is: a brave one.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Heat”

On Saturday morning, Georges’s father suggests that they go to the Museum of Modern Art and then stop at the hospital to visit Georges’s mother. Georges declines, saying he has a lot of homework. His father heads to the hospital after breakfast, taking Mom’s robe and some of her favorite yogurts in a plastic bag. On the way upstairs, Georges sees that the wrapper is still tucked into Mr. X’s door frame, but he takes it out and brings it upstairs. Candy answers the door, and they have a conversation about the “cool table” at school, agreeing that people who are friends with jerks are probably also jerks. Candy says that she would just decide her table was the cool table, but Georges says it doesn’t work like that, which outrages her.

Georges shows Safer the gum wrapper and says Mr. X must be back. Safer seems very surprised. Georges gets the impression that Safer knows he’s lying. Candy and Safer tell Georges that the parrots are back. Safer keeps his promise to teach Georges how to make delicious scrambled eggs, and then they hang out doing nothing. When Georges’s dad calls and puts his mom on the phone, Georges thinks she doesn’t sound too tired this time. Later, Georges invites Safer to Yum Li’s with him and his dad, but Safer says he can’t because he has to babysit Candy. Georges says they can both come, but Safer still declines. Wanting to go with Georges, Candy tells Safer she hates him and then stomps down the hall and slams her door. Safer walks Georges to the door, gives him a fresh gum wrapper, and says, “Yeah, I forgive you too,” (132), which lets Georges know that Safer is aware that he lied about the wrapper being on the door mat.

Chapter 21 Summary: “A Message from the Chef”

Georges tells his dad about the parrots as they walk to Yum Li’s. When they get to the restaurant, Yum Li jokes, asking if they’ve forgotten where the grocery store is and offering to draw them a map. At the big center table, Georges and his father see Jason, Jason’s family, and Carter Dixon. Georges’s dad goes over to say hi, and the parents talk. Jason waves to Georges, but Carter just stares at his plate.

At their own table, Georges’s dad says they should have people over soon. Yum Li brings them three fortune cookies and a map drawn on a napkin with directions to the closest grocery store. When they get back to the apartment, they are in time to hear someone named Sophia leaving a voicemail. Georges’s father picks up the phone and goes to his bedroom to talk. Georges leaves the third fortune cookie and a Scrabble message on his desk that reads, “GOOD NIGHT COOKIE / LOVE ME” (134).

Chapters 15-21 Analysis

In this section of the novel, the theme of Coping with Change and Adversity gains intensity as the author adds new hints about Georges’s mother’s absence. In Chapter 17, for example, Georges’s father describes her as “a trouper” and reassures his son, “Everything is going great there” (107): a statement that, by its very nature, implies that all is not well in the larger situation surrounding Georges’s mother’s constant absence from the apartment. This trend likewise suggests that Georges’s mother is at the hospital to cope with an illness, not to complete her usual shifts at work. Furthermore, in Chapter 20, Georges’s father takes his mother’s robe to the hospital: a very unusual item to bring to visit someone who is working. Georges’s father also spends extended night hours in his bedroom with the door closed and on the phone with someone unnamed. The reader may suspect that the caller is Georges’s mother, but it would be difficult for a nurse to spend hours on the phone during a shift. While the narrative does not yet explicitly state that Georges’s mother is a patient at the hospital, his father’s unusual behavior and Georges’s own refusal to look too closely at any of it offer a suggestion that something out of the ordinary is happening.

These chapters also introduce clues about Safer’s possible agoraphobia, or fear of leaving the building. Safer’s family is evidently unique, but as Georges gets to know the family better, he learns small but meaningful things about them, such as the origins of their unusual names. Safer’s mother explains that the children had expressed by a young age what was “important” to them, and they were allowed to form their own identities around their individual interests. For Pigeon, it was a love of birds; for Candy, it was a love of sweets. From this trend, the author therefore implies that Safer must have a strong desire for safety of some kind. While such an assumption runs counter to Safer’s increasingly risky behavior in his investigation of Mr. X, there are other clues about Safer’s unusual approach to life: first, that neither he nor Candy attend school with other children. When Pigeon does choose to go to school, Safer is very angry with him and feels betrayed. Safer’s fear of leaving the building is also hinted at in Chapter 20, when Georges invites him and Candy to Yum Li’s with him and his father. Candy very much wants to go, but Safer refuses to do so, and Candy’s resulting bitterness towards her brother suggests that the argument is a reflection of an ongoing conflict that Georges doesn’t quite understand.

The theme of Finding Safety in Community is explored as Georges’s decision to pick marginalized students for his team in Capture the Flag results in the formation of the Blue Team, which will persist as a new community of students who are otherwise considered to be social outcasts. Although Dallas dubs the group the “Nerd Squad,” what Georges initially only intends as a momentary morale boost turns out to have a lasting impact; when the children come together and play the game by their own rules, they feel freed and validated in a whole new way, reveling at their newfound sense of community. This game also deepens the novel’s motif of Rules as something that should be met with resistance. While the Blue Team has a lot of fun playing their version of Capture the Flag—ignoring the red team’s flag, focusing on jailbreaks, and making their own flag nearly impossible to find—the Red Team is angry because the power of the rules that privilege the more athletic students has been systematically undermined.

Safer and Candy’s reactions to Georges’s explanation of the social hierarchy at school explore the theme of Finding Safety in Community from a new angle. Safer suggests that the kids who sit with the bullies are doing so out of self-preservation, bringing up the proverb, “Keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer.” This idea is supported by Mandy’s decision to associate with Dallas despite his taunts about her crush on Gabe, for her interaction with Dallas supports the idea that the friends of the bullies choose not to stand up for others because they know how easily they themselves can become the targets of bullying behavior. Another interaction that supports this idea occurs in Chapter 21, when Georges and his father run into Jason and Carter at Yum Li’s. Without Dallas around to expect that he will also bully Georges, Carter is quiet and simply looks down at the table. This behavior indicates two possibilities: either Carter goes along with the bullying to stay on Dallas’s good side, or he requires the safety of Dallas’s presence to engage in bullying behavior. Either option strengthens the idea that there is safety in community and numbers, even when the rules of one’s chosen community are less than ideal.

In the midst of these various challenges, Georges’s reflections on school articulate the theme of The Big Picture Versus the Daily Details. Visually represented by the Seurat painting in the living room and reinforced by the advice that Georges’s mother has given him about life, this theme evolves as a way for the isolated boy to cope with unpleasant experiences such as the bullying that he endures at school. Whenever Dallas’s bullying behavior intensifies, Georges reacts by forcing such incidents into an insignificant role within his determined view of “the big picture” (90). He thinks, “Like Mom says, life is a million different dots making up one gigantic picture. And maybe the big picture is nice, maybe it’s amazing, but if you’re standing with your face pressed up against a bunch of black dots, it’s really hard to tell” (90). In this way, the “black dots” characteristic of the Seurat painting come to represent having a myopic view of life’s challenges rather than stepping back from smaller daily issues to appreciate the beauty of the larger whole. While such advice can be helpful to a degree, it also forces the boy to minimize the suffering he feels during these incessant daily encounters with his tormentors. Likewise, the author’s stated goal is to teach younger readers that such daily details are important and should absolutely be acknowledged rather than ignored. However, at this point in the story, Georges has yet to learn that lesson and still insists upon detaching from the other boys’ mistreatment—merely as a form of psychological protection from the detrimental effects of the bullying.

This detachment is vital to understanding the novel’s theme of Coping with Change and Adversity, which the novel argues cannot be healthily accomplished if one denies or detaches from reality. In Chapter 18, Bob English asks Georges why he never does anything in response to the bullying. Georges thinks that he wants to tell Bob it’s “like the hard G and the soft G”: “The hard G goes to school, and nothing can hurt him. And the soft G is the one who’s talking to you right now. Except he’s only talking in my head. I used to know which one was the real me, but now I’m not so sure. Now it’s like maybe there is no real me” (111). Georges is coping with a lot of change at home and facing a lot of adversity at school. This means he is detaching or distancing himself from many things, and in doing so he feels like he is losing track of who he really is.

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