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78 pages 2 hours read

Pierre Choderlos de Laclos

Dangerous Liaisons

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1782

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Part 3, Letters 101-124Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Letter 101 Summary

03 October: Valmont writes to Azolan, his valet. Valmont reprimands his valet for not having known Tourvel was leaving. He tells him to spy on her. He wants to know about every move she makes.

Part 3, Letter 102 Summary

03 October: Tourvel writes to Madame de Rosemonde. She apologizes for her abrupt departure. She confesses she is in love, though she does not name with whom, and she feels she will succumb to her desires if she were to stay.

Part 3, Letter 103 Summary

03 October: Rosemonde writes to Tourvel. She is more pained by hearing why Tourvel left than the departure itself. She admits she was already aware of her feelings of love, and moreover, whom she loved. She lets her know that she can always confide in her.

Part 3, Letter 104 Summary

04 October: The Marquise de Merteuil writes to Madame de Volanges. She is grateful that Madame de Volanges seeks her opinion. Therefore, she argues that love affairs are fleeting and that a marriage to Gercourt is not only wise in terms of economics, but also because it will offer Cécile a stable future. In time, she would learn to love Gercourt, and that type of love is itself stable.

Part 3, Letter 105 Summary

04 October: Merteuil writes to Cécile. She chastises her for being so prudish concerning Valmont. She also rebukes her for not having told her mother what happened, because then she could have gotten rid of Valmont and had Danceny back. She can have the pleasure offered by Valmont, continue to love Danceny at a distance, and get back on her mother’s good side. She warns Cécile that her mother is trying to trick her. She will offer to allow Cécile to marry Danceny, but if Cécile agrees, her mother will send her back to the convent. Merteuil tells Cécile to make up with Valmont, because he can be a powerful friend to her.

Part 3, Letter 106 Summary

04 October: Merteuil writes to Valmont. She is happy he finally did something with Cécile and tells him about how she chastised her for being so prudish (she sends him the letter she wrote to Cécile). However, she also rebukes Valmont for letting Tourvel get away. She calls him uncreative and insinuates he is losing his touch. She will help him as best she can. She is glad he is staying there at the chateau for a while and wants him to “relieve [his] boredom with the pupil [they] have in common” (261).

Part 3, Letter 107 Summary

05 October: Azolan writes to Valmont. He got the money Valmont left for him but had to give Philippe two louis from his own money. He has been keeping tabs on Tourvel: She has not been eating much, cries, and does not read a lot, though she took two books from the library. She reads letters a lot, which he assumes are the ones Valmont gave her. 

Part 3, Letter 108 Summary

05 October: Tourvel writes to Rosemonde. She thanks her for her kind words and help. She reads her letter over and over again. It is her only consolation. She talks about her feelings of love and the torment it causes her. She names Valmont.

Part 3, Letter 109 Summary

10 October: Cécile writes to Merteuil. She thanks her for her frankness and advice. She sees her error. She has made up with Valmont. In fact, she expects him shortly. She looks forward to the freedom marriage will offer her, though her mother still has not mentioned anything yet. She hopes Merteuil is correct that Danceny will love her more.

Part 3, Letter 110 Summary

11 October: Valmont writes Merteuil. He talks about Tourvel and how difficult it has become, but things are not all bad, because he is taking much pleasure in his time with Cécile. She has become quite the seductress. He is still working on Tourvel, having his valet shadow her.

Part 3, Letter 111 Summary

10 October: the Comte de Gercourt writes to Madame de Volanges. He writes that things are quiet in Italy and hopes to be back in Paris soon. He looks forward to his marriage to Cécile. However, it is possible there might be an opportunity for some sightseeing, which he would like to take advantage of and wonders if marriage would best wait until winter.

Part 3, Letter 112 Summary

14 October: Rosemonde to Tourvel. She tells Tourvel of her rheumatism and that as soon as she can write again, they will have a long talk. She has received all her letters, and her affection for her has only increased. She tells Tourvel about Valmont being a little under the weather, and how Cécile seems bored since her departure.

Part 3, Letter 113 Summary

15 October: Merteuil writes to Valmont. She lets him know that rumors are circulating about him and that he needs to return to Paris before they get out of hand. She reminds him that coming will also be more beneficial in getting Tourvel than staying there, and that Cécile is not worth it. She talks about wanting to end her affair with a man named Belleroche, who has become clingy and boring. She wants to take Danceny as her new lover, and so asks Valmont to make sure Danceny does not meet with Cécile.

Part 3, Letter 114 Summary

16 October: Tourvel writes to Rosemonde. She is worried about Valmont’s health. She is worried she is the cause of his illness.

Part 3, Letter 115 Summary

19 October: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He feels her censure of him is wrong, and as punishment, he will not give her the details of his approaching victory regarding Tourvel. He also criticizes and condemns her choice of Danceny. He thinks it still best to go ahead with the two young lovers as planned. He has already taken steps in that direction by dictating Cécile’s letter to Danceny.

Part 3, Letter 116 Summary

17 October: Danceny writes to Cécile. He speaks very highly of Merteuil and is saddened by her departure to the country. He longs so very much for Cécile, but he has heard so little from her.

Part 3, Letter 117 Summary

18 October: Cécile writes to Danceny as dictated by Valmont. She professes that his suffering is her suffering. She tells him to stop scolding her for not having written so much. She reminds him how difficult it is for her. She tells him that even if she marries Gercourt, she will only love him. She speaks highly of Valmont.

Part 3, Letter 118 Summary

19 October: Danceny writes to Merteuil. He misses her emphatically and implores her to return. Whatever reasons there are for her absence, they are not justifiable keeping him alone. He tries not to think of her but cannot.

Part 3, Letter 119 Summary

19 October: Rosemonde writes to Tourvel. She writes to tell her that Valmont is still in a bad mood, but she met him recently at Mass, to which he has been going the past four days.

Part 3, Letter 120 Summary

22 October: Valmont writes to Father Anselme, who is a monk at the convent of Saint-Honoré. Valmont tells the priest he has documents for Tourvel, but she refuses to see him. He asks the priest to establish a connection with her so that he (Valmont) can make amends for what he has done. He then wishes to confess all his sins.

Part 3, Letter 121 Summary

22 October: Merteuil writes to Danceny. She ridicules his flowery language. She tells him such language is only for love, and even then, because of its ubiquitous usage, it has lost its meaning. She says she misses him too and speaks of virtue, especially with regard to Cécile. She says how important it is to women, and how difficult it is for them to surrender it.

Part 3, Letter 122 Summary

25 October: Rosemonde writes to Tourvel. She tells her that, physically, everything is fine with Valmont, though he seems to be going through something internal. She found him one day in his room, with papers scattered around and writing. He seemed very down. At one point he seemed near tears before he composed himself. He informed her he would soon be returning to Paris.

Part 3, Letter 123 Summary

25 October: Father Anselme writes to Valmont. He tells Valmont he has done as he wished and can meet with Tourvel on the 28th of the month. He is glad to see Valmont wanting to change his ways and will help him in any way he can.

Part 3, Letter 124 Summary

15 October: Tourvel writes to Rosemonde. Tourvel is astonished to hear about Valmont and tells Rosemonde about the letter she received from him and Father Anselme. She feels good that Valmont must no longer be in love with her and wants to change, but at the same time she feels the pain of unrequited love and regrets it.

Letters 101-124 Analysis

In this section of letters, Valmont’s long campaign against the heart and virtue of Tourvel finally ends. Tourvel succumbs to his pleas of love, and she gives in, relinquishing her heart. Valmont always spoke of the type of surrender he wanted from her, and it appears that she has fallen completely for him. She loves him so much that when she feels he is finally ready to relinquish his quest for her by confessing to Father Anselme, she is disappointed rather than overjoyed by his apparent reformation.

Tourvel’s struggle and ultimate defeat serve to represent the danger and weakness facing even the most virtuous of women if they are left to defend themselves amidst the Libertinism in Pre-Revolutionary French Society. Tourvel has tried to conform to societal expectations about The Need for Morality, but Valmont’s campaign of seduction has touched upon her weakness: He has seduced her emotionally and left her longing for a genuine love connection with him, long before he seduces her sexually. Valmont’s professions of love and reformation seem to offer Tourvel what her sheltered upbringing and arranged marriage never did: authenticity. Tourvel’s tragedy is that, unlike the oncoming downfall of Valmont and Merteuil, her downfall will be occasioned not by her deceit or selfishness, but by her emotional honesty and vulnerability.

Cécile’s downfall occurs in tandem with Tourvel’s. Whereas Tourvel was virtuous, Cécile was innocent. She was seduced/corrupted and taken advantage of by Merteuil and Valmont. Valmont, in Letter 110, talks about having taught her “everything, including the variations” in a sort of French Kama Sutra. However, he did not teach her about how to avoid becoming pregnant, which will shortly take place. As Cécile is coached in the ways of physical libertinism by Valmont, Merteuil coaches her in the ways of manipulation. She tells her how she could have gotten rid of Valmont, how she can keep Danceny, and how she can continue to be free and libertine in her marriage.

Little of this is spoken of directly. The reader must infer much based upon hints left from letter to letter. This ambiguity is one of the strengths in the epistolic form, but also specifically in de Laclos’s usage of it. It maintains a certain mystery over the intentions of the characters, rendering ambiguous who is manipulating whom, to what extent, and who knows what. A case in point is found in Letter 109, where Cécile notices an inconsistency in Merteuil’s advice—namely, how it has changed since she first met her. At first, Merteuil spoke of the virtues of marriage and loving a husband. In later letters, Merteuil talks about an increase in individual freedom marriage offers and how one can love another who is not one’s spouse. In that same letter, it appears that Cécile has already accepted the possibility of sleeping with one man (Valmont) while loving another (Danceny). These inferences suggest a possible growing awareness on the part of Cécile of Merteuil and Valmont’s manipulation, leaving the extent of her voluntary acceptance of libertinism an open question.

There are inconsistencies in Valmont’s behavior that emerge in this section as well. Valmont must be aware of how much he has Tourvel under his spell since he has Azolan, his valet, spying intently on her. Thus, his actions regarding Father Anselme and his attending Mass, seem superfluous in winning her over, since he has already done so. The extent of his own feelings is also coming more prominently into question, speaking to the complications of Love, Lust, and Happiness in the novel. Merteuil has believed for a while that Valmont must be in love with her, a belief that becomes firmer as the novel progresses. However, his actions continue to be contradictory and his true intentions are never definitively known.

On the other hand, Merteuil’s behavior remains consistent. Her letter to Madame de Volanges is rife with hypocrisy. She convinces her to maintain the marriage to Gercourt for no other reason than she still wants to humiliate him with the fact that his bride is very far from being a virgin, and that she is the cause thereof. Cécile’s future, her emotions, Madame de Volanges’s concern for her daughter’s happiness and welfare—nothing is more important than Merteuil’s revenge. Her manipulative nature has now become so self-evident that her letters to Valmont take on a new tone: Before, it appeared that she could only be fully truthful with Valmont, but she now shows signs of manipulating him as well.

Her greatest tool for manipulation is in the promise she made to Valmont about allowing him to sleep with her after he has written proof of Tourvel’s surrender. At the beginning, their deal—and Valmont’s subsequent mentioning of his “reward”—appeared to be a part of their chiding and playfulness with one another. However, it slowly becomes apparent that it was an incredibly important factor in their relationship. The jealousy that the two feel toward the other’s lovers becomes more apparent when Merteuil takes Danceny as her newest lover.

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