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45 pages 1 hour read

Edwidge Danticat

Krik? Krak!

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Adult | Published in 1996

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“Caroline’s Wedding”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

“Caroline’s Wedding” Summary

On a cool September morning, Grace Azile becomes a naturalized American citizen. She calls her mother, who urges her to get a passport as soon as possible. As she hands over the naturalization certificate, Grace feels suddenly unsafe. Her mother was once arrested in a sweatshop immigration raid, and, as a result, her family has always been anxious about their immigration status. When Grace returns home, her mother Hermine is in the kitchen making bone soup, which she believes will stop her other daughter Caroline’s wedding. Caroline, who was born in America, eats the soup despite Hermine’s intentions.

That evening, Grace has conversations with her mother and sister about their family dynamics. Hermine is worried that Caroline’s fiancé is not right for her, while Grace worries that Hermine will actually try to stop the wedding. Before they fall asleep, Caroline and Grace play a call-and-response game Hermine had learned from her own mother, who was a survivor of the 1937 massacre. The next day, Grace and Hermine attend a church service for Haitian refugees who had been killed at sea, including the protagonist of “Children of the Sea.” When they return, Caroline tells Grace that she dreamt of their father, who died ten years earlier. It is revealed that, bucking tradition that calls for them to wear red underwear in mourning, the girls have worn black underwear since their father died. Both girls frequently dream of their father, and feel as if he is visiting them through dreams.

As Caroline’s wedding nears, Hermine becomes increasingly emotional. She agrees to let Grace throw Caroline a wedding shower in their home, but stays in the kitchen throughout most of the party. That night, she shows Grace letters her father had sent Hermine in the early years of their marriage. It is revealed that, after Grace was born, her father married another woman and left their family in Haiti so that he could build a life in America. After three years, he divorced the other woman and brought Hermine and Grace to America. Hermine shows Grace the letters, which suggest that he was no longer in love with Hermine. Grace assures Hermine that her late husband loved her.

The night before her wedding, Caroline appears with a robotic arm covering her missing forearm. She assures her family that she will only wear it for the wedding. On the morning of the wedding, Caroline wakes up in a daze, unsure if she wants to get married. Hermine, who felt similarly on the day of her own wedding, jumps into action and makes Caroline a special tea bath to help her feel better. The wedding is a success, and Caroline leaves for her honeymoon with her husband, Eric. Hermine and Grace return home and begin to make bone soup. As the story ends, Grace and Hermine begin the call-and-response game.

“Caroline’s Wedding” Analysis

The theme of intergenerational trauma across the Haitian diaspora is central to the plot of “Caroline’s Wedding.” This intergenerational trauma is manifested most clearly in Caroline’s arm and the narrator Grace’s feelings about her naturalization. The narrator’s sister Caroline was “born without her left forearm” (159); at the end of her arm is a stub that “felt like a stuffed dumpling as I squeezed it” (159). Caroline’s limb difference is the result of her mother’s arrest while pregnant in what is described as a “sweatshop immigration raid” (159). While incarcerated, the girls’s mother was given a drug intended to “keep her calm overnight”: She believes that this drug was responsible for Caroline’s condition, and could have led to her death. Although Caroline was born in the United States, and has been largely protected from the violence of immigration and life as an undocumented person, she still carries the legacy of her mother’s trauma. The story also suggests that Caroline’s marriage to Eric—who is “not quite retarded, but not like everybody else either”—reflects her feeling of inadequacy as a result of her limb difference. Her limb difference can thus be read as a symbol of intergenerational trauma, as her mother’s experiences continue to affect her life and choices, despite her relative privilege as an American citizen.

Grace’s feelings about her citizenship and naturalization are explicitly presented as the result of intergenerational trauma. Because of her mother’s arrest while pregnant, Grace explains that “in my family we have always been very anxious about our papers” (158). When she temporarily hands over her naturalization papers in order to apply for a passport, Grace feels “like unclaimed property” (158) in danger of being taken away. This fear suggests that her mother’s arrest experience had a profound impact on Grace, who carries the fear of deportation with her even after she becomes a United States citizen.

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