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Scott O'DellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Karana observes the Aleuts’ camp, which is in the same location they used the last time they came to the island. She worries that the Aleut girl might notice her tracks by the spring, but decides to stay in the ravine because the spot is close to fresh water and her hidden canoe. Karana and Rontu only leave the emergency shelter in the ravine to gather food and water. She is thankful that the Aleuts did not bring their dogs, which would likely find them, but the tension and tedium of hiding make the days long. To pass the time, Karana fashions cormorant skins into a skirt. When she examines her handiwork in the sun, she is “giddy with happiness” at the sight of the black, green, and gold feathers, which “shimmered as though they were on fire” (131).
As Karana admires the skirt, the Aleut girl sees her. Karana could easily kill the girl, but she stays her hand like she did Rontu. Rontu lets the Aleut girl pet him, and she uses gestures to communicate that Rontu was once hers but now belongs to Karana. She says that her name is Tutok, smiles at Karana, and enthusiastically praises the cormorant skirt. Years have passed since Karana last heard a human speak, and Tutok’s words “were good to hear, even though it was an enemy who spoke them” (133). When Tutok disappears into the brush, Karana begins packing her things, certain that the girl will lead the Aleut hunters to her cave. That night, Karana carries her belongings to a new hiding spot and sees that Tutok left a gift for her in front of the cave, “a necklace of black stones of a kind [she] had never seen” (134).
Karana does not touch the necklace, and sleeps on the headland that night. The next morning, she returns to the ravine and waits for Tutok. The Aleut girl sings merrily as she approaches the cave but falls silent when she sees that it is empty. Satisfied that Tutok sincerely wishes to be friends, Karana dons the necklace. She introduces herself as Won-a-pa-lei rather than Karana because she does not wish to reveal her secret name. Each day, Tutok visits Karana at the cave, and the two girls spend hours teaching each other words in their respective languages and laughing together. Karana tells Tutok her secret name on the third day and spends five nights making a circlet of seashells for her. The Aleut girl hugs her when she receives the gift, and Karana is so gratified by her friend’s reaction that she forgets “how sore [her] fingers were from boring the holes in the hard shells” (138).
When Tutok’s visits suddenly stop, Karana goes to Coral Cove and sees that the Aleuts are readying for departure. She prepares a portion for Tutok when she cooks dinner that night even though she knows her friend will not come. The next day, Karana sees that the Aleut ship is gone. Initially, she feels relieved that she can return to her house, but then remembers Tutok’s voice and the way “her black eyes [squinted] closed when she laughed” (140). Even with the ruckus of Rontu’s barking and the crying of birds, the island seems quiet without her friend.
Among the wounded otters left behind by the Aleuts, Karana sees many creatures that cannot survive and kills them to end their suffering. She also finds an injured young otter whose eyes are “so large from fear and pain that [she] could see [her] reflection in them” (141). She places the young otter in a tide pool and brings it fish every day. She names the otter Mon-a-nee, meaning “Little Boy with Large Eyes” (143). Storms prevent Karana from fishing for a few days, and she is sad to see that Mon-a-nee is gone the next time she returns to the tide pool.
Karana has to look for food again since she threw away her winter’s supply of abalone. She also busies herself by making a new string for her fishing spear and earrings to match the necklace from Tutok. Karana misses her friend and has imaginary conversations with her.
When spring returns, Karana’s birds Tainor and Lurai build a nest and hatch two fledglings, whom she also tames. She also takes in a young gull with a broken leg. With her five birds and Rontu, the yard of her home “seemed a happy place” (146), but Karana is still pained by loneliness. She misses Tutok, wonders if her older sister Ulape has children now, and reflects on how different her brood of animals is compared to the children she “always wished to have” (146).
Karana replenishes her store of abalone in case the Aleuts return. One day, she sees a group of otters playing in the kelp near the reef where she gathers shellfish. One of the otters follows her canoe, and she recognizes it as Mon-a-nee. The otter later brings two pups to meet Karana. Realizing that her friend is a mother, Karana changes the otter’s name to Won-a-nee, which means “Girl with the Large Eyes” (148). Throughout the spring and summer, Karana returns to the reef and watches Won-a-nee teaching her children skills, such as how to open shellfish with rocks. Befriending Won-a-nee and her pups changes Karana, and she resolves never to hunt animals again. She knows that her people, particularly her father, would laugh at her if they heard her promise, but she sees all animals as either current or potential friends.
The Aleuts never return to the island, but Karana stores shellfish, new weapons, and her canoe in the cave under the headland so she will be ready if they do come back. Many years pass, and she rarely thinks of the Aleut hunters or “the white men who had said they would come back, but did not come” (151). One summer, she stops carving notches to keep track of the passage of time. During that same summer, Rontu goes to the cave that used to be his lair. When Karana finds him there, he is alone and his breathing is faint. He passes away the next morning. Karana buries him on the headland and decorates the grave with flowers, colorful stones, and a stick they used to play fetch with.
Karana rarely leaves her house during the winter after Rontu’s death. She sees a young dog that she recognizes as Rontu’s son with the other dogs. She tries to catch him using snares when spring comes, but fails. She drugs the pack into falling asleep with xuchal, a mixture of “ground-up sea shells and wild tobacco” (156). She carries Rontu’s son to her house and leashes him in the yard with some food and water. Karana quickly befriends her new dog, whom she names Rontu-Aru, meaning “Rontu’s son.” Rontu-Aru’s thick fur, yellow eyes, and boisterous disposition remind her of his father, and his companionship brings her comfort. However, she finds her thoughts drifting to Tutok and Ulape more and more, and she often hears “their voices in the wind and [...] in the waves that lapped softly against the canoe” (157).
On a day so hot that “the sea shimmered with red light” (158), Karana covers her canoe in a fresh layer of pitch as she does every start of spring. She rests on the beach and awakens to a rumbling sound, as the most enormous wave she’s ever seen moves toward the island. Terrified, she makes a desperate dash to the cliff and tries to climb above the water’s reach. A second massive wave rises from the sea, and the two waves collide like giants locked in battle. The second wave strikes the cliff and almost carries Karana away, but she manages to hold on until the water recedes. Because it is too dark to find her way home, she spends the night at the base of the cliff.
The next morning, the beach is covered with the bodies of dead fish, shellfish, and even a pair of small whales. Karana returns home, where a relieved Rontu-Aru welcomes her back. She spends most of the day sleeping to recover from her ordeal. When she wakes, the island feels strange and ominously quiet, “as though it were waiting for something terrible to happen” (162). An earthquake strikes the island that evening, hurling Karana and Rontu-Aru to the ground. They huddle together in their house all night as the island shakes around them, but the rock on the headland holds fast, and the next day dawns calm and quiet.
The massive waves washed away all of the food and weapons Karana stored in the cave under the cliff—as well as both of her canoes. She recovers parts of the canoes, gathers driftwood, and spends most of the spring constructing a new canoe.
While gathering seaweed for a fire, Karana spies a ship “in the deep shadows cast by the clouds” (166). This vessel looks different from previous ships, so she doesn’t know who has come to her island or why. A man comes ashore, sees the fire and canoe Karana left on the beach, and calls to her. Karana goes to her house and gathers her things. She thinks about her ancestors and the joyful memories she made in her home, but decides to go to the ship because she wishes “to be where people lived, to hear their voices and their laughter” (168). She hurries back to the beach. However, the man already rejoined his companions on the ship because a storm is rising, and they do not notice Karana even though she wades out into the sea and shouts to them.
The ship returns two years later. Karana watches the men camp and cannot stop thinking about the man who called to her two years ago. In the morning, she dons her otter cape, her cormorant skirt, and the necklace from Tutok. Even though she has grown up and is not a girl anymore, she uses clay to draw the facial markings that indicate she is unmarried. Karana cannot picture the new life that awaits her, distinctly remember her people, or recall the seasons that she spent alone on the island. The years blur together for Karana until they are “all one, a tight feeling in [her] breast and nothing more” (170).
Three men, including a Christian clergyman wearing a robe and a rosary, come to Karana’s house. They do not share a common language, so she communicates with them through gestures. The men sew a long, makeshift blue dress for her out of trousers, which she dislikes because it is hot and scratchy. However, Karana wears the dress with a smile and puts away her beautiful cormorant skirt for later. The men came to the island to hunt otters, but Karana feigns incomprehension and does not tell them where to find her friends. She asks the men about the ship that carried her people away, but they do not understand her. (Later, in Karana’s new home of Mission Santa Barbara, a man named Father Gonzales tells her that the previous ship sank soon after carrying her people to his country and that there was no other vessel to send for her.)
After spending 10 days in Coral Cove, the ship of would-be otter hunters sails east with Karana, Rontu-Aru, and two of her birds aboard. Karana looks back at the Island of the Blue Dolphins and remembers Rontu, Won-a-nee, and “all the happy days” (173). Dolphins swim before the ship as though leading Karana toward her new home.
The final section completes the development of the novel’s themes of survival, nature, and friendship. These chapters also showcase Karana’s contentment with life on the island giving way to wishing for the unknown, for other people. However, although she leaves her home and rejoins human society, the lessons she learns on the Island of the Blue Dolphins are indelible.
Chapter 21 furthers the theme of Building Trust and Friendship as Tutok attempts to befriend Karana—but meets resistance. Karana sees the girl as an enemy because the Aleut hunters killed many of her people in the past, including her father. However, Karana cannot deny her longing for human companionship. She has Rontu to talk to, but she hasn’t heard another human speak in years. Tutok leaves a necklace of black stones in front of Karana’s cave as a token of friendship, but she is not yet ready to accept the necklace or what it represents.
In Chapter 22, Tutok earns Karana’s trust by keeping her presence on the island a secret from the other Aleuts. Karana literally and figuratively reciprocates the gift of Tutok’s friendship. Recognizing the hard work that went into the beautiful black necklace, she spends five nights pouring her labor and love into a circlet for Tutok. In a powerful display of trust, she also shares her secret name. This is significant because her father died at the Aleuts’ hands after revealing his secret name to Captain Orlov and the hunters. Back in Chapter 2, Chief Chowig claimed that the Aleuts were incapable of friendship, but Karana has outgrown her father’s warning and found a way to make a beloved companion whom she once saw as an enemy. Chapter 22 closes with auditory imagery from nature, but the mood is subdued as Karana misses her friend. For all its comforts and lessons, nature cannot offer Karana true companionship.
Chapter 23 is a painful chapter for Karana, as she struggles to survive the aftermath of the Aleuts’ departure. For one thing, she loves otters, and she puts several of them out of their misery because the Aleuts left them too wounded to survive. Karana also shows mercy by nursing an injured young otter back to health. The bittersweet expression in the young otter’s eyes elicits sympathy, which she describes as a pain in her throat; she, too, knows what it’s like to lose her family, to try to survive despite the pain. Karana demonstrates great generosity and kindness by feeding the otter, as she’s already occupied trying to restore her store of shellfish. She feels terrible when her otter returns to sea, and her loneliness is compounded by the absence of Tutok—as demonstrated by her having imaginary conversations with her friend.
Chapter 24 sees Karana continuing to struggle with loneliness. She observes that “the yard seemed happy” with all of her animal friends bustling about (146). This chapter reveals that Karana has always dreamt of motherhood, adding depth to her actions, hopes, and struggles. Throughout the novel, tending to animals gives her an outlet for her nurturing side. However, nature cannot fully satisfy her desire for companionship after Tutok’s friendship reawakens this need. Even the theme of Learning from Nature affirms Karana’s need for human companionship. Karana’s otter friend, Won-a-nee, has pups, and her birds have fledglings; they find comfort and meaning among their own. This wisdom applies to humans, too, but Karana cannot put it into practice.
The theme of Learning from Nature reaches its culmination in Chapter 24, as Karana gains the ultimate piece of wisdom in the novel. As a result of her friendship with Won-a-nee and the other otters, Karana decides she will no longer hunt or kill animals. She doesn’t care that her family, especially her late father, would laugh at this choice, because she knows it is right for her. In this way, nature’s wisdom ties to Karana’s self-determination. Karana doesn’t get the chance to have her own children, but her protective, nurturing love for animals allows her to adopt a different form of motherhood.
Chapter 25 develops the theme of Building Trust and Friendship and presents more hardships for Karana to overcome. She’s already transcended the beliefs of her people, which claim that animals are for hunting and that Aleuts are incapable of friendship. Now, she seems to transcend time itself. Surviving alone on the island becomes second nature to Karana. She rarely thinks about the white men who were supposed to return for her, and stops marking the passage of time because the “passing of the moons now had come to mean little” (151). This serene, almost mystical, timelessness is broken by one of the most somber moments in the novel—Rontu’s death. The care Karana puts into digging and decorating his resting place shows both her love for her dog and the pain she feels at the loss of her closest friend.
Chapter 26 continues the novel’s exploration of friendship and loneliness. Karana spends most of the chapter trying to catch a new dog, Rontu’s son. While she succeeds in befriending the dog and shares “many happy times” with him (157), animal companionship cannot satisfy the longing in her heart. She hears the voices of her sister and Aleut friend in the wind and waves. This calls to mind Karana’s earlier imaginary conversations with Tutok and, more concerningly, the day she hallucinated the voices of the dead as she sat among the empty, fog-shrouded huts of Ghalas-at (Chapter 9). Given these troubling signs, it’s unclear how much longer she can endure her isolation.
In Chapter 27, Karana faces more tangible threats to her survival, as the island is battered by massive waves and an earthquake. She feels as though she “had gone to sleep and wakened on another island” (159). Despite her many years on the island, nature still presents new surprises and new threats. Karana cannot tame the elements the way she tamed her dogs and birds, and the sea and earth awe and terrify her in this reminder of their deadly power—perhaps serving as a sign that she should seek new horizons.
In Chapter 28, a ship appears after Karana has accepted that she will not be rescued. After an internal debate, she decides to go with the ship, but the men are gone by the time she reaches the shore. As much as she loves her island and all of her animal friends, she clearly longs for more. Chapter 28 emphasizes Karana’s need to be with other people and sets the stage for the novel’s ending.
Chapter 29 brings Karana’s time on the island to a close and opens the possibility of a new life for her. Before she joins the visitors to her island, she draws clay markings on her face to show that she is unmarried. This indicates that she hasn’t given up hope on finding love and companionship. As Karana prepares to leave her home, she experiences a “tight feeling” in her chest (170). This ambiguous description leaves the reader to infer whether this feeling is the pain of years of loneliness, anticipation for her future, or perhaps a combination of both.
O’Dell provides clear signs that Karana will retain her unique identity and beliefs after she rejoins larger society. For example, she humors her visitors by wearing the long, scratchy dress they sew for her, but plans to wear her beautiful cormorant skirt once she is settled in her new home. In addition, she remains loyal to her otter friends when her fellow humans ask for the animals’ location.
As Karana sails away from the island, she carries with her the lessons she learned about survival, nature, and friendship. Some of her animal friends, including Rontu-Aru, make the journey with her. Looking back at the island, she remembers Rontu, who taught her that even hated enemies can become dear friends, and Won-a-nee, who taught her that all living creatures deserve respect. Lessons like these illustrate how Karana has grown from a 12-year-old girl struggling to survive into a wise woman who is secure in the knowledge of her own capabilities and convictions.
O’Dell mentions that Karana eventually reaches Mission Santa Barbara and meets Father Gonzales, who explains why the white men who transported her people never came back for her. Other than this, the author chooses to leave Karana’s life after the island a mystery. The novel ends with her looking forward to her new home; dolphins appear and swim before the ship as though leading her east. As the island’s namesake, the dolphins’ presence underlines the fact that pieces of Karana’s old home are accompanying her to her new life. As symbols of good fortune, the dolphins help close the novel on a hopeful note.
By Scott O'Dell