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Sherman AlexieA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Randy Peone, a police officer, sees an old Indian man staggering around without shoes. The Indian reports that he was beaten up by some white kids. Peone helps him into the back of his car and reports that he is taking him to detox, but he soon passes John, kneeling down, holding a pair of shoes, and singing in Latin. He assumes that John is the old Indian’s friend and they had had a fight over alcohol. When Peone approaches him, John sees “the blue eyes and blue uniform, the pistol and badge. Blue sword, scabbard, white horse. The bugle playing” (363).
When John starts talking about Father Duncan, Peone recognizes that he is unwell. He wonders if he might be the Indian Killer but is still gentle with him, seeing that he is in pain. When John starts saying the Lord’s Prayer, Peone joins him, and they take turns saying lines, finishing on “Amen” together. When Peone gets out his handcuffs, John runs off. Back in the car, the old Indian repeats that white kids beat him and that he does not know the other Indian.
Wilson sees Reggie and Ty at Big Heart’s, and Reggie begins hassling him about his claim to Indian heritage. Wilson tells them that another body has been found and reveals that he is an ex-cop. Reggie tells him that they all already knew he was an ex-cop and a writer, declaring, “You white guys always think you’re fooling us poor, dumb Injuns” (369). Wilson begins to wonder if Reggie’s many insults over the years have really been as light-hearted as he supposed and slides his hand into his jacket before asking if anyone knows John Smith. Fawn steps up and says that she knows him and that he is strange but denies that he is dangerous.
When Wilson reaches further into his jacket, Reggie reaches into his own, advancing on the writer. The Indians at the bar stare at Wilson in anger and suspicion, and he knows that he has crossed a line. He tells Reggie that he can probably outdraw him, if Reggie is not simply bluffing about having a weapon. Reggie slowly pulls his hand out of his jacket and raises it, saying, “How, white man” in a “sternly cinematic Indian voice” (371). The Indians are still laughing as Wilson slinks out of the bar.
John keeps running, searching for homeless Indians, but he cannot find any and feels abandoned, falling to the floor in despair. Aaron and Barry pull up and begin kicking him, but Marie arrives with a group of homeless Indians who drive them off, taking several injuries in the process. Back in the van, the Indian men celebrate their victory while the Indian women look after one of their number who had her teeth knocked out. John is amazed by the Indians’ resilience and their sense of solidarity and community strength. He wants to tell them about his life, his fantasies of how his life could have been, and about Father Duncan, but he cannot find the language to do so. He especially wants to tell Marie everything and desperately wants to give her a gift.
As Boo and Marie try to talk to him, John imagines his birth again, the helicopter descending on the hospital, this time in pouring rain. He knows that this was when his life went wrong, that this severing opened a wound that never healed, and he holds the man in the jumpsuit responsible for all his pain. In that moment he knows that he “needed to be saved and […] exactly which white man had to die for him” (380). He gets out of the van without a word, and Marie wonders how killing a white man would feel.
Truck listens to a police radio scanner, learning of numerous cases of racially charged violence happening throughout the city. He feels “in awe of his own power” and goes to speak into his microphone (381), but Officer Randy Peone stops him, telling him he has nothing more to say.
When David Rogers awoke after being knocked unconscious in the casino parking lot, he was in the back of a car being driven by two white men, Spud and Lyle. They took him into the woods and, realizing that he had seen their faces, executed him. They took David’s winnings to Canada and got into debt gambling on an illegal poker game. Unable to pay, they were themselves executed. As a result, the police never found those responsible for David’s murder.
The police interview Sean, who confesses that he, Aaron, and Barry are responsible for several attacks on Indians, saying that they were seeking vengeance for David’s murder. He says that he tried to stop the others and did not take part in the violence himself, although he also complains that white people are always blamed for everything and that they were acting in justified anger. The police are unimpressed by his arguments.
Wilson leaves Big Heart’s wondering how he will rebuild his relationships and thinking of the sacrifice he had made for his fellow Indians. The unanswered question “Isn’t that how it happened?” runs through his mind repeatedly as he drives to his apartment and gets into bed (390). He lies awake thinking of his novel, the Indian Killer, and John, and then falls asleep and dreams of John, seeing him commit murder. The dream changes, and he is the one committing murder, stabbing an endless stream of white bodies. The dream changes again: He is arriving at his apartment. A brown hand slams him against the steering wheel, knocking him unconscious, and then gets into the truck and drives away, with Wilson slumped beneath the dashboard.
Dr. Mather tells the police that Reggie Polatkin is the Indian Killer. Recognizing the surname, the police officer asks if he is related to Marie, “the Sandwich Lady,” and Mather is surprised at Marie’s volunteer work because she always seems “So individualistic. Not tribal at all” (393). He says that Marie threatened to eat his heart, but the police do not consider this to be a valid threat of violence. When he reports Reggie assaulting him, the officer jokes that he must have a problem with the family. Mather complains about the officer’s attitude and insists that Reggie is the killer because he had a violent white father and dreams of murder.
Wilson wakes tied to a wall on a construction site. His head hurts, and his mouth tastes of blood. He realizes John is there with him. Hoping to win him over, he tells John that he met his mother, and John thinks of his Indian birth mother and then of seeing Olivia in her underwear and white skin. He tries to get John to talk to him “Indian to Indian. Real Indians. I’ll understand” and claims that there “are a million white men I’d kill if they let me” (397). He tells John about Beautiful Mary and discovering her body. John ignores him and holds Wilson’s own pistol to the writer’s head. Wilson begs him not to kill a fellow Indian.
The police interview Ty, who, assuming that they have already arrested Reggie and Harley, admits that they beat the white man on the playing field. He says that Reggie was the one who really hurt the man and also says that Reggie left Big Heart’s after almost fighting Wilson. When they start asking him about whether Reggie has a knife, Ty suddenly realizes that they are investigating the Indian Killer. He insists that neither he nor Reggie ever killed anyone.
As Wilson claims to be an Indian, John wonders if the man knows how easily dream and reality merge and combine. He drops the pistol, thinking of his birth and the different ways his life may have gone. However, deciding that Wilson is the white man who is “responsible for all that had gone wrong,” he takes out “a thin blade” (404), unsure whether it will actually be able to cut him. He thinks of Wilson bleeding out a few drops of Indian blood and then great gouts of white blood and holds the knife to the writer’s throat.
Reggie is miles away from Seattle on a country highway when an old white man gives him a ride. He tells the man that he is on the run and recounts the story of Captain Jack, a Modoc Indian fighter who ran from the Cavalry, hiding in lava beds, before eventually giving up and surrendering. On his surrender, Captain Jack was hanged and beheaded, his head being sent to the Smithsonian Museum. Reggie says that Captain Jack “should’ve kept fighting. He should’ve kept running and hiding” before admitting that this is precisely what he is doing (408). When the man asks where he is running, Reggie points “north or south east or west, pointed toward a new city, though he knew that every city was full of white men” (409).
When Wilson asks him what he wants, John whispers, “Let me, let us have our own pain” (407). He then slices Wilson’s face, telling him that other people will recognize his guilt from the disfigurement. He drops the knife and steps off the skyscraper. He falls in slow motion, finally free of the noises and the voices that have plagued him. He hits the sidewalk and then pulls himself up from the body that is sunken into the pavement. He realizes he is naked and looks down at his brown skin before stepping over the clothed body on the floor and walking into the desert, hoping to find an Indian father and an Indian mother who will know his real name.
The police interview Marie Polatkin. She insists that John is not the Indian Killer, but the officer says the case is closed thanks to Wilson’s testimony and the discovery of the knife. The officer asks if she has read Wilson’s book, recommending its portrayal of John and its argument that Indian children should not be adopted by white parents because it too often leads to suicide. Marie says that Wilson know nothing about Indians.
The officer also asks if she has read Mather’s book, which argues that Reggie is the killer and presents an unpleasant portrait of Marie. The police question her on the murders, Reggie’s assault on the white man, and her contact with John Smith. She presents her innocence concisely and again insists that John was an innocent man in a great deal of pain, asking for him to finally be left alone. She says that if there really is an Indian killing white people, then “it’s a credit to us that it took over five hundred years for it to happen,” and she warns that “Indians are dancing now, and I don’t think it’s going to stop” (418).
In a cemetery on “this reservation or that reservation. Any reservation, a particular reservation” (419), the killer sits on a grave, wearing a mask made of unknown wood. The killer sings, and owls come and sit in the trees. The killer has a pack containing clothes, books, owl feathers, and two scalps and wears the knife with the turquoise gems under their jacket. For days, the killer dances and sings, and hundreds of other Indians come to learn the song and the dance, a dance that has existed for more than five hundred years. The killer screeches at the sky and knows that “with this mask, with this mystery, the killer can dance forever” (420). Owls fill the trees as the killer dances on.
As John’s mental health continues to deteriorate, dream and reality again blur as he sees Officer Peone as a Cavalry officer, a symbol of colonial hostilities, with “Blue sword, scabbard, white horse. The bugle playing” (363). Despite this vision, he takes solace in reciting the Lord’s Prayer with Peone. In this, we see another reflection of John’s internal conflict and the way, like Father Duncan before him, his Indian identity wars with his Jesuit identity. We see further manifestations of this conflict when John finds himself alone on the streets, unable to locate any other Indians. In this moment, it is as though he has been deserted by Indian culture, as though his lack of connection and belonging have been made physical, leaving him only with a white society that is inherently hostile to him.
When Marie and the homeless Indians arrive and defend him from attack, it is as though a potential connection to Indian life has returned to him. However, while John is amazed by their sense of community and solidarity, he cannot actually connect to it, finding that he does not have the language to communicate with these fellow Indians. While Father Duncan prayed in English, Latin, and Spokane, hoping to find a sense of connection and unity, John has no language at all and falls, isolated, between white society and Indian society. As he returns to the fantasy version of his birth, building himself up for the climatic act of violence, he finally knows that he “needed to be saved and […] which white man had to die for him” (380).
Wilson’s reality is also blurring with dreams. As he dreams of John committing murders, the recurring, unanswered question “Isn’t that how it happened?” leaves things ambiguous and confused (390), not only for Wilson but for the reader, who is unable to discern truth from Wilson’s unreliable point of view. This is especially true when Wilson’s dream changes into what appears to be the reality of John attacking and kidnapping him. Indeed, once Wilson is tied up on the skyscraper, even John wonders if Wilson understands how easily dreams and reality can blur together (403).
Significantly, John wonders this in part because Wilson keeps insisting that he is an Indian and understands John’s predicament, something that John seemingly perceives to be Wilson’s fantasy. For John, Wilson is not only a white man but the white man who is “responsible for all that had gone wrong” (404). Indeed, it is Wilson’s efforts to claim an Indian identity and his belief that he is entitled to tell Indian stories that drives John to cut him after asking him, “Let me, let us have our own pain” (407). It is in this final act of violence and his subsequent suicide that John finds peace from the voices and noises in his head. In another moment of magical realism where dream and reality blur, John steps out of his dead body and begins to walk, like Duncan, into the desert to find his Indian mother and father and a sense of belonging he has never known.
When John cuts Wilson, he is using “a thin blade” (404)—possibly the knife he received from the Duwamish Indian woman—and is not even certain that it will be able to cut him. This is remarkably different from the killer’s large, ornate knife and from their confidence in, and experience of, its ability to slice bodies and remove scalps. This difference again highlights the ambiguity over whether John is the killer. It is certainly possible that John is the killer and the disparity between the knives is a reflection of his own fantasy versions of what he is doing, but the truth remains intentionally unclear.
Wilson’s increasingly shaky grip on reality and admission that there “are a million white men I’d kill if they let me” make him a possibility, too (397). Likewise, Reggie’s flight from the city and insistence that, unlike Captain Jack, he will not surrender but will keep running, hiding, and fighting also make him a possible candidate. However, Marie gives voice to a broader, more mystical interpretation. Reprising her earlier suggestion that the killer might be the result of the Ghost Dance, she warns, “Indians are dancing now, and I don’t think it’s going to stop” (418).
In this understanding, the killer’s identity is almost irrelevant, for they appear as something more spirit than human, a manifestation of Indian rage. Alexie leaves the reader with the image of the killer, masked and singing in a graveyard full of owls. Here the killer is at once corporeal and human, carrying a bag of clothes and books and severed scalps, and spiritual and symbolic: a masked figure who will dance forever as thousands of Indians come to learn the powerful dance and song of violence and revenge. In this final moment of magical realism, of blurring dream and reality, it is possible to see the killer as an avatar of the Ghost Dance and the Indian Killer, whoever they may be, as the vessel or tool, like the hammer in the hand of the Hammering Man statue that once transfixed John.
By Sherman Alexie