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Sherman AlexieA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Mark lies in the dark, remembering the killer cutting away a piece of his pajamas. He believed he would be killed. Now he is sure he is alone and manages to stand up. He searches for an escape but cannot find one. He trips and falls, screaming beneath his gag.
Wilson sits in The Last Precinct, a cop bar filled with drunken men. He understands why so many police officers drink to excess but only drinks milk himself, wishing to maintain control. One of the officers at his table grows angry when he learns that Wilson is writing about the Indian Killer and talking to Indians about the murders, fearing that he is interfering in the investigation. He declares that he hates Indians because “[t]hey’re fucking drunks and welfare cheats. They ain’t got no jobs. They’re lazy as shit” (240). In his anger, he also lets slip that the Indian Killer leaves owl feathers at the scene of the crime, something Wilson did not know. He wants to fight Wilson, but the writer leaves the bar.
In his truck, Wilson thinks about how people don’t care about Indians being murdered but are outraged at the idea of an Indian killing white people. He considers the owl as a symbol of death and thinks how much he likes owls, which often feature in his dreams, including a recurring dream in which an owl causes a car crash that kills his birth parents. He turns on the radio and listens to Truck Shultz proposing that “we sterilize any girl whose I.Q. is below one hundred” because that way, “Dumb girls will not give birth to dumb babies. Evil girls will not give birth to evil babies. Indian women will not give birth to Indian Killers” (243).
Mather, his head bandaged, lectures his class, claiming that the Indian Killer is both a revolutionary figure and an inevitable result of a capitalist society that creates a disenfranchised underclass and arguing that, in kidnapping Mark Jones, the killer reflects the way colonization metaphorically stolen Indian children. He also suggests that “The Indian Killer and [Wilson’s Aristotle] Little Hawk are twentieth-century manifestations of the classic Indian warrior” (246), one wild and the other civilized.
Marie angrily decries this idea and again questions Mather’s authority to talk on Indian subjects and his lack of lived experience. She questions whether the Indian Killer is actually Indian and the assumption that the killer is a man, suggesting that she or Mather could easily be the killer. Mather anxiously laughs this off, denying being a murderer, and Marie accuses him of being scared of her because she does not meet his idealized, static vision of the historical Indian. Mather sends her from the classroom, saying that she should quit the course. Before she leaves, Marie declares that the murders are not being committed by an Indian man.
John thinks of how Indians were once afraid of the darkness but discovered fire, which allowed them to keep the darkness and its predators at bay. However, the fire began to rebel, burning them and refusing to be tamed before growing into “candles, then lamps, then cities of lamps” (250). He perceives white people as flames that took the shape of Indians and proceeded to destroy and recreate everything to suit their own needs and wants.
John sees three of these flames surrounding a blind, homeless Indian woman, taunting and threatening her. He drives them off, and the old woman is grateful. She explains that she is a Duwamish Indian and claims that it is not she who is homeless, because Seattle stands on Duwamish lands, but the white people who are far from Europe. She takes out a small paring knife and gives it to John as a gift to a guest on Duwamish land. As she does so, she says that, despite the Indians’ kindnesses, the white colonizers killed them, and now it is time for revenge. She claims to have a time machine that John can use to go back in time to kill Columbus. She goes to show him the time machine but reveals only an empty hand. When John looks at her empty hand and at the knife, he understands what she is saying.
Reggie and his friends have captured a young white man who was camping on the Indian Heritage High School playing fields. Harley and Ty hold his arms behind his back while Reggie interrogates him, recording the whole thing on a tape recorder. He quizzes the white man on colonial history, highlighting the many times white people betrayed, abused, and murdered Indians, and holding the white man accountable. Reggie beats him regularly when he fails to give an answer that pleases him.
After Reggie knocks the white man unconscious, Ty and Harley are keen to leave, but Reggie shakes him awake again and continues asking questions. He accuses him of being Truck Schultz, and when the man denies it, he says that all white people look alike, falsely apologizing and explaining that “we were looking for a white-trash asshole named Truck Schultz but it looks like we got ourselves a whole different white-trash asshole” (259). He says that they will let the man go but then violently digs his thumbs into his eyes. The white man loses conscious from the pain. When Ty asks Reggie what he did, Reggie is surprised by the question and explains simply, “I took his eyes” (259).
Action continues to rise as racial tension increases towards the end of the second part of the book. White images of Indians are key to this tension as we see increasingly explicit racist attitudes at play, from Wilson’s drinking buddy declaring that Indians are “fucking drunks and welfare cheats” (240), through to Truck’s proposal of eugenics and the sterilizing of, among others, Indian women. Balancing this is Mather’s more subtly racist stereotyping of Indians and his ongoing belief that he is an expert on Indian cultures, perhaps most obviously expressed in his claim that “The Indian Killer and [Wilson’s Aristotle] Little Hawk are twentieth-century manifestations of the classic Indian warrior” (246), one wild and the other civilized, a view that appears to mirror Wilson’s own framing of the two figures. Marie makes her criticism of Mather even more overt, explicitly accusing him of not being able to handle the fact that she is a contemporary Indian, part of a living culture, who does not adhere to his limiting perception of Indians as a people who can be defined and interpreted by white academics.
Providing a counterpoint to white people’s views of Indians, these chapters also show us John’s hallucinatory vision of white people. In a perception that is shaped by both his mental health and his perception of colonial oppression, John sees white people as dangerous flames that grew out of control and stole the shapes of Indians before taking, destroying, and remaking the world to feed their greed. We also see an Indian perception of white people from the Duwamish Indian woman John saves from the white “flames” that are attacking her. Subverting the narrative of white society, she claims that it is not she who is homeless but white Americans because they are far from Europe while she walks on Duwamish lands. Like many of the other Indian characters, the Duwamish woman believes that Indians deserve to be avenged, giving John a knife and seemingly selecting him to be an agent of that vengeance.
We also see a direct example of a revenge attack when Reggie assaults the white man on the playing field. Much like Aaron’s attacks on Indians, this is an act of unfocused violence enacted against a weak scapegoat for a wider community, in this case white people, and highlights how cycles of violence begin to spiral out of control. Importantly, Reggie records the attack, creating a tape of his actions that consciously mirrors the recordings of traditional stories that Mather discovered. In recording his own contemporary story of vengeance, Reggie lays claim to an Indian story of his own in a way he cannot do with the traditional tales.
It is also interesting to note that Reggie’s assault on the white man’s eyes mirrors the killer using owl-like claws to remove Justin Summer’s eyes. This adds to the doubt around who the killer is, suggesting that it could possibly be Reggie. Further doubt is cast by Marie questioning whether the killer is actually Indian or actually a man, as most people assume. Adding to this doubt, we find out about Wilson’s love of, and recurring dreams about, owls, here considered to be representative of death. This link provides further symbolic allusion to the possibility that Wilson could be the killer.
By Sherman Alexie